Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MMPI”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The MMPI and problem drinking: statistical controls and multifactor criteria.

Relationships between sociodemographic variables and the MMPI, on the one hand, and several dimensions of problem drinking, on the other, were examined from a multiple regression strategy that enhanced control and clarified sizes of effects. To investigate a sample of 385 persons convicted on drunk driving, a plan was implemented calling for entry of five sociodemographic variables first in equations, to assess and control for their effects, before entering 14 MMPI validity and clinical scales, and entering finally product terms representing sex-by-MMPI interactions. These factors were used to predict six problem drinking criteria, all continuous, based on factors and total scores from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Results indicate substantial variance attributable to personality factors in comparison with sociodemographic ones, and a pattern of prediction confirming generalizations reported in the literature, but also qualifying them by indicating confounding and interactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Discriminating between alcoholic and nonalcoholic blacks and whites on the MMPI.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of race (black, white) on the MMPI performance of alcoholic and nonalcoholic inpatients. Subjects were 73 (27 black, 46 white) male alcoholic inpatients and 73 (27 black, 46 white) male nonalcoholic psychiatric inpatients. While black and white alcoholics failed to differ on the MMPI, white alcoholics presented as less disturbed and black alcoholics as less defensive and distressed, compared to their respective nonalcoholic counterparts. Furthermore, only white alcoholics were accurately identified by the MMPI 2-4/4-2 high-point pair combination and only white alcoholics achieved more high-point pairs containing Scale 4 relative to nonalcoholic controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

MMPI characteristics of borderline psychopathology in adolescent inpatients.

This study investigated MMPI characteristics of male and female adolescent inpatients with diagnoses of borderline personality disorder (n = 28) in contrast to adolescent inpatients receiving principal diagnoses of conduct disorder (n = 21), dysthymic disorder (n = 50), other personality disorders (n = 17), and other diagnoses (n = 30). The borderline group has significantly higher elevations than comparison groups on MMPI scales F, Hs, D, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Ma. A stepwise discriminant analysis resulted in 82.1% accuracy in correctly classifying borderline patients and 78.0% accuracy in identifying nonborderline patients. Findings are discussed in terms of potential uses and limitations in identifying borderline personality disorder with the MMPI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Discriminant validity of the MMPI for borderline personality disorder.

This study explores the discriminant validity of the MMPI in relationship to the DSM-III and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) constructs of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). A two-way analysis of variance model assessed differences between inpatients (n = 42) and outpatients (n = 42) and between BPD and nonBPD patients. We compare the best discriminant model for the current samples with previous BPD discriminant functions. The present study assesses a wider range of psychopathology in which the MMPI appears to be relatively insensitive to the BPD construct while retaining the high specificity reported in previous studies. Implications for the use of the MMPI as a diagnostic instrument are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Interpretation of moderately elevated MMPI scores for normal subjects.

Two opposing views concerning the interpretation of moderately elevated MMPI scores of normal subjects have appeared in the literature. Whereas some authors have suggested that such scores indicate negative characteristics less severe than those suggested by more extremely elevated scores for psychiatric patients, other authors have suggested that such scores may be indicative of more positive characteristics. The present study attempted to determine the relative validity of these two opposing views. Correlates of MMPI clinical scales were determined for 101 male and 101 female college students who had no clinical T-score greater than 75. Subjects described themselves using the Adjective Check List (ACL), and they were also described by peers using the ACL. Point-biserial correlations between MMPI scores and self and peer endorsements on the ACL were computed. For both self and peer data more significant correlations were found than expected by chance. Most of the correlates involved negative characteristics, offering some support for the interpretive approach based on an attenuation of negative descriptors derived for psychiatric patient samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Refining personality assessments by combining MCMI high point profiles and MCMI codes. Part III. MMPI code 24/42.

In this study it has been shown that the addition of MCMI high point code data to the MMPI 24/42 code type serves to clarify contradictory MMPI descriptors and produces three distinct clusters. These MMPI/MCMI clusters comprise an interpersonally acting-out group, an interpersonally acting-in group, and an emotionally acting-out group. These groups were useful in determining different roles for the MMPI 2 and 4 scales insofar as they relate to both personality (Axis II) and its clinical consequences (Axis I). The results of this study also lend support to the utility of combining objective assessment instruments both for identifying and for discriminating among relevant personality disorders and clinical syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

MMPI item subtlety research: current issues and directions.

This article examines the methodology from recent item subtlety research with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The Christian, Burkhart, and Gynther (1978) ratings, used in this research, define item subtlety as the perceived degree of psychopathology associated with individual items rather than specifying subtlety in relation to qualities characteristic of individual scales. Consequently, the ratings often violate commonsense notions of subtlety, and the results of research with the ratings are difficult to interpret. Studies with the ratings also contain procedural defects which limit generality. It is recommended that future investigators give greater consideration to the operational definition of item subtlety, to the intended applications of the MMPI, and to item properties other than simple correlations with criteria that can enhance the predictive and discriminative powers of MMPI scales.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Screening for psychopathology in groups of black and white prison inmates by means of the MMPI.

Of 225 male offenders who were administered both the MMPI and a structured diagnostic interview, the Psychiatric Diagnostic Interview (PDI), 51 (25 blacks, 26 whites) earned highly elevated MMPI profiles (at least one clinical scale greater than or equal to T score of 90) and 46 (26 blacks, 20 whites) achieved profiles that were essentially within normal limits (all clinical scales less than T score of 70). It was noted that the concordance between the MMPI and the total number of PDI syndromes reported by inmates was significantly greater in the white group (classification accuracy = 96%) relative to the black group (classification accuracy = 71%). However, both the black and white hit rates were found to significantly improved upon chance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Alternative scoring system of repeated items on the MMPI: caveat emptor.

There are 16 items in the standard MMPI group forms which are included twice. It was found that a number of computerized scoring services use only the first occurrence of repeated items in scoring the MMPI scales, whereas the handscoring templates use an arbitrary combination of the first and second occurrence of these items. Comparison of these conventions suggested a potential for significant differences in score, particularly on the Sc scale. Scoring a set of 126 MMPIs of chronic pain patients by both of these scoring conventions revealed differences of up to 10 T points on the Sc scale. It is recommended that a single scoring convention for the MMPI be adopted by psychologists. For several reasons we suggest that only the first occurrence of repeated items should be used for scoring purposes. In the absence of a single convention, comparisons between Sc scores on different protocols should not be made without first insuring that the protocols were scored in the same manner.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The MMPI, prototypal typology, and borderline personality disorder.

This study demonstrates inherent features in the DSM-III diagnostic criteria for personality disorders (i.e., overlapping diagnoses and heterogeneous symptomatology) that limit efforts to identify a sensitive and specific MMPI profile for the borderline personality disorder. A sample of 71 inpatients was administered an MMPI and a semistructured interview that systematically evaluated each of 81 symptoms for the 11 DSM-III personality disorders. Interrater reliability was substantially higher than has been obtained with unstructured interviews. The effect on the borderline MMPI profile of variation in the number of borderline symptoms and overlap with the schizotypal, histrionic, and antisocial diagnoses was demonstrated. We discuss implications with respect to a prototypal model of classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Differentiating between schizophrenic and manic inpatients by means of the MMPI.

Forty-five psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of schizophrenia and 31 inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of bipolar disorder (and currently manic) were compared on the MMPI. Results indicated that although the schizophrenic patients achieved significantly higher scores on several of the MMPI scales (F, Pt, Sc, Si), these findings were of questionable clinical significance. On the other hand, the schizophrenic group did produce a significantly greater percentage of MMPI high-point pairs containing Scale 8(Sc): that is, 64.4% versus 35.5%.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1988

Assessing dissimulation and denial on the MMPI in a sample of maximum security, male inmates.

Comparisons were made between three groups of maximum security inmates thought to possess varying degrees of motivation to either exaggerate or suppress psychiatric symptomatology in their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) self-report. A group of individuals requesting single-cell placement (the group hypothesized to be motivated to exaggerate symptomatology) were found to score significantly higher on Scale F, the F-K Index, and a number of special MMPI scales (i.e., D-O, Hy-O, Pd-O, Pa-O, Ma-O, Dissimulation Scale, total number of Obvious Items, O:S Ratio) and significantly lower on scales K, Hy-S, Ma-S, and the total number of Subtle items relative to inmates undergoing parole evaluations (denial condition) or entering group therapy (neutral condition). Differences between the parole and group therapy conditions were relatively small, with only D-O, Hy-O, and the Dissimulation Scale producing statistically significant results. These findings tend to support use of the MMPI in assessing a respondent's test-taking attitude, particularly in cases where the subject is attempting to exaggerate psychiatric symptomatology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Three methods of developing MMPI taxonomies of sexual offenders.

In a sample of 261 state hospital sexual offenders, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles did not differ for offenders with adult victims versus offenders with child victims when offender age was controlled. MMPI 2-point analyses for the whole sample revealed five common codes that were independent of victim maturity. The sample was randomly divided in half and subjected to a cluster-analytic procedure which revealed two MMPI clusters. The first cluster was unelevated, with Scale 4 as its high point. The second cluster had multiple elevations, with Scales 8, 4, 2, and 7 as the highest scales. These clusters were replicated in a cluster analysis of the second half of the sample. However, when the sample was recombined, the two clusters were not externally validated basis on demographic and criminological variables. The results suggest that common psychological variables among sexual offenders may have more discriminative value than victim maturity in developing sexual offender taxonomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Confidence intervals for the MMPI-2.

The confidence intervals for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) clinical scales were investigated. Based on the clinical scale reliabilities published in the MMPI-2 manual, estimated true scores, standard errors of measurement for estimated true scores, and 95% confidence intervals centered around estimated true scores were calculated at 5-point MMPI-2 T-score intervals. The relationships between obtained T-scores, estimated true T-scores, scale reliabilities, and confidence intervals are discussed. The possible role of error measurement in defining scale high point and code types is noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

MMPI factor analytic findings for adolescents: item- and scale-level factor structures.

Although numerous studies have examined the factor structures of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) in investigations of adults, very little attention has been directed to this issue in adolescent samples. In this study, we investigated the item-level and scale-level factor structures using a sample of 1,762 adolescents receiving psychiatric services at the time of their MMPI assessment. Results identified 17 factors related to item responses and 5 factors based on scale-level data. Findings are discussed in relation to results obtained in adult populations and the potential utility of factor analytically derived content scales for adolescent MMPI interpretation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

MMPI taxonomies of child sexual and nonsexual offenders: a cross-validation and extension.

In a court clinic sample of 107 child sexual and nonsexual offenders, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles did not differ as a function of arrests for sexual versus nonsexual offending. However, a three-group cluster-analytic solution was generated. Two of these clusters replicated those derived by Hall, Graham, and Shepherd (1991). The first cluster was unelevated, with Scales 4 and 9 as high points. The second cluster had MMPI Scales 4, 8, 2, and 7 as the highest scales. The third cluster was even more elevated than the other two clusters, characterized by extreme elevations on MMPI Scales F, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8. The somewhat different results of this study versus previous studies (e.g., Hall et al., 1991) may be a function of the different populations sampled. The results provide evidence of within-group heterogeneity among sexual and nonsexual offenders that may be as important as between-group differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

MMPI validity measures: a comparative study of original with alternative indices.

A comparison was made of the original MMPI validity scales (L,F,K,F - K) with validity scales devised subsequently (TR, Ca, Ds, Mp, Ws - Wo) to determine which scales, the older or newer, were better, either alone or combined, in detecting fake-good, fake-bad, and careless responding. This was accomplished by having groups of subjects answer the MMPI first under standard conditions and then, 1 week later, under one of the falsifying conditions. A group of 40 psychiatric patients responded under standard and then fake-good conditions; a group of 40 university students responded under standard and then fake-bad conditions; and a group of 20 students responded under standard and then fake-careless conditions. Results indicate that both the traditional and newer validity indices were equally good at detecting fake-good responding. None of the indices was adequate in detecting careless responses. We conclude, as a consequence of this study, that the newer scales perform a clinically useful function when faking good is suspected on the MMPI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A cross-validation of MMPI-2 substance abuse scales.

We evaluated the efficacy of the Addiction Potential Scale (APS) and the Addiction Acknowledgement Scale (AAS), two new scales designed to assess substance abuse problems with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), in samples from settings different from those used in their development. Results replicate earlier findings that both scales discriminate between psychiatric and substance abuse samples and do so more effectively than other substance abuse scales designed for use with the MMPI and carried over to the MMPI-2. Results also suggest that APS may be more resistant than AAS to response distortion.

Adult↗