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The use of microfiche in testing clinical judgment.

This paper reports an investigation of the use of microfiche to replace other more bulky clinical materials in testing clinical judgment. Twenty-three students were administered two versions of tests of clinical judgment (micro-fiche and nonmicrofiche) regarding the treatment of partial edentulism. Each student served as both experimental subject and control. Results indicated that under the conditions of testing used, students preferred the nonmicrofiche version of the test. However, there was no significant difference in time of administration or grades resulting from the microfiche medium. Whether the test was given first or fourth in a series of five made a difference in time to take the test (p less than .01), and in the grade received (p less than .01). Tests taken in the first position took more time to complete and resulted in a higher grade. The rate of agreement in grading between the first and second grading session was 70 percent.

Clinical Competence↗

Access to social security microdata files for research and statistical purposes.

This article focuses on the characteristics of SSA microdata files and on the development of a disclosure policy aimed at serving the public interest while protecting the privacy of individuals and the confidentiality of research and statistical information. Several dimensions of the disclosure question are explored: A description of the persons (both living and dead) and other entities that are the data subjects; the ability of users to associate known data subjects with information about them; the sources of data; expectations as to recontact of data subjects; and the terms and conditions under which microdata are released to users outside SSA. The factors controlling the decision whether or not to release microdata are discussed. The factors range from those intended to protect the data subject--the criteria specified by law for maintaining confidentiality for example and the principles applied by SSA in assessment of disclosure risk--to those more concerned with agency function, such as financial cost to the agency, and interference with its primary mission. Some particular practices are described to illustrate application of present policy principles. Brief attention is given to future implications of certain current developments such as the Privacy Act, the Sunshine Act, and the Tax Reform Act of 1976.

Confidentiality↗

The controversy over change.

The full impact of twentieth century technology upon medical libraries was first felt in the late 1950s and early 1960s with the introduction of electronic automation into library methodology. During those years, often the aura of technology for the sake of technology prevailed, and medical librarians did little to inform themselves of capabilities, potentialities, and limitations in relation to cost-effective library usage of automation. Likewise, currently microforms and audiovisuals are frequently acquired for their own sake instead of for their capacity to transmit messages in the most effective and comprehensive way possible. Controversy has raged and still rages over the pros and cons of applying modern technology to library procedures and over the coexistence of the printed page with electronic media. New systems and methodologies, machine or manual, must realistically be evaluated in terms of increased service output by the library to its clientele. Regardless of technological sophistication, any machine that does not significantly contribute to that specific aim has no place in a library. The tradition of the medical librarian has always been to collect, organize, store, and disseminate information in the most efficient manner that the media of the times have had to offer.

Audiovisual Aids↗

[Chitinase from Serratia marcescens BKM B-851].

The chitinase biosynthesis was studied during the cultivation of the strain of Serratia marcescens BKM B-851 with a high chitinolytic activity. Under submerged cultivation of bacterial cells on the medium containing demineralized crab shell extracellular chitinase showed maximum activity on the 3rd day. Cells of S. marcescens BKM B-851 synthesized chitinase as an adaptive enzyme. Chitinase obtained from the culture liquid by ammonium sulphate precipitation was then dialyzed and liophylized. It displayed optimum hydrolysis of colloid chitin at pH 7-8 and 50 degrees C and of native chitin at 30 degrees C.

Brachyura↗