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PubMed2005

Role of intratesticular ultrasonographic and Doppler flow analyses in evaluating gonadal status in male survivors of childhood malignancy.

Fifty-seven males, previously treated for malignancies in childhood, and who refused to masturbate for semen analysis, were submitted to hormonal, ultrasonographic, and Doppler evaluation to assess the effects of chemotherapy/radiotherapy on gonadal function. Nineteen normal healthy fertile males served as controls. In the studied population, FSH was inversely correlated with testicular volume and directly correlated with testicular vascularization, suggesting that ultrasonographic and color Doppler scanning of the testes may be used, if a sperm count is not available, to indirectly assess the gonadal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Toward using stable spermatozoal RNAs for prognostic assessment of male factor fertility.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the stability of spermatozoal RNAs as a means to validate their use as a male fertility marker. DESIGN: Semen samples were randomly selected for 1 of 3 cryopreservation treatments. SETTING: An academic research environment. PATIENT(S): Men aged 19 to 55 years who had fathered a child by natural conception within the past 6 months. INTERVENTION(S): Ejaculates were collected by masturbation and total spermatozoan RNA was isolated from two semen samples of ideal quality; one sample of medium quality, having been subjected to an additional freeze-thaw cycle, and two samples of poor quality, having been subjected to a third freeze-thaw cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Labeled cDNAs were generated and then used to interrogate Atlas Nylon Human Toxicology 1.2 microarrays. The spermatozoan transcriptomes were compared using a binomial approach. RESULT(S): The analysis identified a total of 228 unique spermatozoal transcripts among all samples. The medium quality sample shared 98% and 39% of its RNAs with the ideal and poor quality samples, respectively. A set of 36 RNAs resistant to insult were observed, some of which have been implicated in regulating male fertility, when all individuals were compared. CONCLUSION(S): These results support the view that a population of spermatozoal RNAs is rapidly degraded in response to insult, whereas another population appears protected from such damage. Because spermatozoal RNAs echo the gene expression of spermatogenesis, the latter is likely to prove useful as a clinical maker of fertility status.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Somnambulistic sexual behaviour (sexsomnia).

Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a viable defence on the basis of automatism. The behaviours that occur during sleepwalking can be highly complex and include sexual behaviour of all types. Somnambulistic sexual behaviour (also called sexsomnia, sleep sex) is considered a variant of sleepwalking disorder as the overwhelming majority of people with Sexsomnia have a history of parasomnia and a family history of sleepwalking. Sexual behaviour during a sleep automatism can vary from explicit sexual vocalisations, to violent masturbation, to complex sexual acts including anal, oral and vaginal penetration. A recent case in England is reported where the defendant was acquitted on 3 charges of rape on the basis of automatism due to somnambulistic sexual behaviour.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Neurological bypass for sensory innervation of the penis in patients with spina bifida.

PURPOSE: Most male patients with spina bifida have normal sexual desires. During puberty they begin to realize that they can achieve erection and sexual intercourse but without any sensation in the penis. We hypothesized that restored sensation in the penis would greatly contribute to their quality of life and sexual health. In this prospective study we investigated the outcome of a new operative neurological bypass procedure in patients with spina bifida. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 3 patients who were 17, 18 and 21 years old with a spinal lesion at L5, L4 and L3-L4, respectively, the sensory ilioinguinal nerve (L1) was cut distal in the groin and joined by microneurorrhaphy to the divided ipsilateral dorsal nerve of the penis (S2-4) at the base of the penis. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative neurological and psychological evaluations. RESULTS: By 15 months postoperatively all patients had achieved excellent sensation on the operated side of the glans penis. They were unequivocally positive about the results and the penis had become more integrated into the body image. In 2 patients masturbation became more meaningful and 1 became more sexually active with and without his partner. CONCLUSIONS: The newly designed neurological bypass procedure in patients with spina bifida resulted in excellent sensibility in the glans penis. The new sensation appeared to contribute to the quality of the patient sexuality and sexual functioning as well as to the feeling of being a more normal and complete individual who is more conscious of the penis. This new operation might become standard treatment in patients with spina bifida in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

RISUG (reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance)--an antimicrobial as male vas deferens implant for HIV free semen.

HIV transmission from the male to the female is a major health problem. A hypothesis proposing an intra vas deferens implant of an antimicrobial compound to prevent the infection spread is presented. Mechanisms of action for the inhibition could include inactivating HIV in sperms passing through the vas deferens; drug release from the implant to destroy HIV entering into semen from genital structures distal to the vas deferens; and sperm acrosome released hyaluronidase mediated reabsorption of HIV. A subcomponent of the implant flowing along sperm pathway may have a role in reducing the entry of HIV from a positive female into penile tissue. A new drug RISUG (reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance) presently undergoing clinical trials for its contraceptive effect in the male (because it disrupts the sperm acrosome by an electrical charge and pH lowering effects) has also antimicrobial action. The drug being a combination of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on being injected into the lumen of the vas deferens produces styrene maleic acid thereby lowering pH; induces electrochemical action leading to a stable electrical charge generation; releases mandelic acid; and induces acrosome reaction in sperms with consequent release of hyaluronidase and sperm inactivation. Moreover, one time administration into the lumen of the vas gives long term action. All these phenomena very well match with the needs for HIV clearance of semen and hence RISUG is here proposed as a possible candidate material for the HIV inhibiting vas deferens implant when delivered in below contraceptive threshold dosage. For experimental validation, after obtaining data on the semen HIV load under control conditions in the HIV positive males inducted into the study, 30 mg of SMA in 120 microl of DMSO (contraceptive dose being 60 mg SMA+120 microl DMSO) is to be injected into vasa deferens bilaterally. Thereafter at intervals of one month the viral load needs to be determined in semen obtained either by masturbation or in lubricant free condom at intercourse - the method of collection remaining the same throughout for a particular subject. A significant reduction in the semen viral load following RISUG administration will validate the hypothesis. Speculated reduced female to male HIV transmission is more difficult to test. Nonspecific indications will come from a population study of the incidence of RISUG treated men becoming HIV positive as compared to that in the general population.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction among younger married men in a rural area in China.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with sexual dysfunction (SD) among younger married men living in rural China. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was self-administered by the husbands of 298 randomly selected married women aged 20 to 39 years. RESULTS: Of all 298 respondents, 84 (28.8%) had at least one of the seven studied SDs. The prevalence of an individual SD ranged from 3.7% (physical pain) to 19.5% (premature ejaculation); 41.9% were dissatisfied with their sexual life. Age, education level, age at marriage, and income were, in general, not statistically significant in predicting SD. Adjusting for age, education level, and age at marriage, the following were significantly associated with different categories of SD: smoking, SD of the wife, perceived health status, mental health and vitality quality of life (QOL), sharing a bedroom with nonspouse family members, masturbation, and the perceived importance of sexual life. Income, the perceived importance of sexual life and adequate sexual knowledge, mental health QOL, inability to achieve climax, and erectile problems were independently associated with sexual satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: SD among younger married men in rural China was significantly associated with mental health QOL and vitality QOL. Other factors, such as perceived physical health, room sharing, and spousal SD, were also involved. Most respondents perceived their sexual knowledge to be inadequate, which was also associated with sexual satisfaction. Because various factors were significant in predicting SD, multiple approaches are required in promoting sexual health in this study population.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Sperm nuclear maturity in spinal cord-injured men: evaluation by acidic aniline blue stain.

For many of the spinal cord-injured (SCI) men who are able to produce an ejaculate, infertility because of poor semen quality is a concern. Impaired spermatogenesis has been attributed as a possible reason for the poor semen quality. If so, events that occur during spermatogenesis may be used as a marker to evaluate the extent of spermatogenic alteration. During spermatogenesis, when the sperm nuclear condensation occurs, lysine-rich somatic histone are replaced by arginine-rich protamines in the DNA. Acidic aniline blue preferentially stains the immature sperm nucleus blue by binding to the lysine. Hence, each sperm can be individually evaluated for nuclear maturity. To test this concept, the nuclear maturity of sperm from 12 SCI men obtained by vibratory stimulation was compared with sperm samples obtained by self-masturbation from 104 non-SCI men. Sperm smears stained with acidic aniline blue were evaluated for nuclear maturity. The percent of unstained spermatozoa for non-SCI men (mean +/- SEM; 83.4 +/- 1.1%) was not statistically different from that of the SCI men (79.7 +/- 4.8%). However, the sperm motility (70.5 +/- 1.2%) and the percentage of normal sperm morphology (50.8 +/- 0.7%) of non-SCI men were significantly (P < .01) different from those of the SCI men (36.5 +/- 6.8% and 44.0 +/- 2.4%). It seems that the poor semen quality observed in SCI men is probably not caused by inadequate nuclear maturity of the spermatozoa.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1998

Semen quality in spinal cord injured men: does it progressively decline postinjury?

OBJECTIVE: To determine if semen quality of men with spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoes a progressive decline as a function of years postinjury. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of cross-sectional data. SETTING: University-based research center. SUBJECTS: Semen quality was examined in 638 specimens from 125 men with SCI. INTERVENTION: Penile vibratory stimulation, electroejaculation, and masturbation were used as semen retrieval methods. Routine semen analysis was performed to evaluate semen quality. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sperm concentration, total sperm count, and percent sperm motility were examined at 2-year intervals from men whose injuries had occurred 6 weeks to 26 years earlier. RESULTS: No difference in any semen parameter was found as a function of time postinjury. CONCLUSIONS: Semen quality in men with SCI does not progressively decline after the SCI. Men with SCI who are considering biologic fatherhood should be advised that the number of years after injury need not be a determinant in deciding when to start a family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

High-dose ascorbic acid increases intercourse frequency and improves mood: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Ascorbic acid (AA) modulates catecholaminergic activity, decreases stress reactivity, approach anxiety and prolactin release, improves vascular function, and increases oxytocin release. These processes are relevant to sexual behavior and mood. METHODS: In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled 14 day trial of sustained-release AA (42 healthy young adults; 3000 mg/day Cetebe) and placebo (39 healthy young adults), subjects with partners recorded penile-vaginal intercourse (FSI), noncoital partner sex, and masturbation in daily diaries, and also completed the Beck Depression Inventory before and after the trial. RESULTS: The AA group reported greater FSI (but, as hypothesized, not other sexual behavior) frequency, an effect most prominent in subjects not cohabiting with their sexual partner, and in women. The AA but not placebo group also experienced a decrease in Beck Depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: AA appears to increase FSI, and the differential benefit to noncohabitants suggests that a central activation or disinhibition, rather than peripheral mechanism may be responsible.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of paternal age on human sperm chromosomes.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether increased age alters the frequency and type of chromosomal anomalies in human spermatozoa. DESIGN: Semen specimens were collected from donors via masturbation; cytogenetic studies were performed on sperm chromosomes after heterologous (human-hamster) in vitro fertilization. SETTING: Cytogenetics Laboratory, Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. PATIENT(S): Seven men ages 59-74 (older group) and five men ages 23-39 (control group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Frequency and types of chromosomal anomalies in older and control group donors. RESULT(S): The frequency of numerical and structural aberrations (acentric fragments and complex radial figures) was significantly greater in chromosomes of older donors when compared with those of the control group. CONCLUSION(S): The higher frequency of sperm chromosome aberrations in older men was mainly a result of increased nondisjunction, acentric fragments, and complex radial figures.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Detection of herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus in the semen of men attending an infertility clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the semen of men with fertility problems. DESIGN: A descriptive clinical study. SETTINGS: Outpatient infertility clinic of a private hospital. PATIENT(S): One hundred thirteen men attending an infertility clinic in Athens. INTERVENTION(S): Semen samples were collected by masturbation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Detection of HSV, CMV, and EBV in semen by a nested polymerase chain reaction technique. Complete spermogram including sperm count, motility, pH, viscosity, and morphology. RESULT(S): Viral DNA was detected by the nested polymerase chain reaction technique in 64 (56.6%) of 113 semen samples. Specifically, HSV DNA was detected in 56 (49.5%) semen samples, EBV DNA in 19 (16.8%) semen samples, and CMV DNA in 8 (7.1%) semen samples. HSV was significantly related to low sperm count and poor motility. In contrast, CMV and EBV did not show any association with sperm concentration and motility. CONCLUSION(S): Herpes simplex virus seems to play a significant role in male infertility, and its early detection by the nested polymerase chain reaction technique will permit successful antiviral therapy to increase the possibility for fertility restoration and long-term protection of the sperm quality. Finally, the detection of herpes viruses within semen will allow better control of the transmission of these viruses.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed2003

Sperm chromosome aneuploidy analysis in a man with globozoospermia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequencies of chromosome aneuploidy and diploidy in sperm from a male with globozoospermia. DESIGN: Assessment of sperm chromosome aneuploidy and diploidy frequencies by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. SETTINGS: University research laboratory. PATIENT(S): An infertile patient with round-headed sperm (globozoospermia). INTERVENTION(S): Sperm samples were obtained by masturbation for cytogenetic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Aneuploidy and diploidy frequencies were assessed by multicolor FISH analysis for chromosomes 1, 15, 21, X, and Y and compared with those of five control donors. RESULT(S): A minimum of 10,000 sperm was analyzed per chromosome probe, for a total of 30,145 sperm. There was a statistically significantly increased frequency of XY disomy in the man with globozoospermia compared with the case in normal donors. The frequency of aneuploidy for chromosomes 1, 15, 21, XX, and YY was not statistically significantly increased. The frequency of diploidy was also not statistically significantly different. CONCLUSION(S): A previous report demonstrated an increased frequency of chromosome 15 aneuploidy in sperm of a globozoospermia patient who fathered a trisomy 15 conceptus. No other report has studied the frequency of chromosome 15 aneuploidy in these infertile men. Our study does not demonstrate an increased risk for chromosome 15 aneuploidy associated with globozoospermia. However, an elevated frequency of XY disomy was discovered, which is the most common type of chromosome abnormality observed in sperm of infertile men.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of three computer methods of sperm head analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of sperm heads using three different computer morphometrical tools and experimental conditions to find a more reliable and secure strategy among them. DESIGN: Controlled experiments on sperm morphology analysis from volunteers. SETTING: Laboratory of microscopy and imaging processing. PATIENT(S): Ten human semen samples donated by different zoospermic men. INTERVENTION(S): Semen samples were collected by masturbation after > or =72 hours of abstinence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Spermatozoon head morphology was compared by the use of different video-microscopy systems, three computer programs, and various staining conditions and manipulation by different operators. Nonbiological material in the form of latex beads was also used. RESULT(S): The data obtained suggest that the semiautomatic computer program is the most reliable and secure method for performing sperm analysis, besides the fact that it is a fast process compared with manual methods. CONCLUSION(S): Computer systems of sperm analysis should incorporate a step of interactive object identification to work properly, allowing the operator to confirm or correct possible computer misidentification. The latex beads were used to confirm the capability of all three computer programs to correctly evaluate nonbiological material.

Automation↗
PubMed1977

Immunoreactive insulin in serum and seminal plasma of diabetic and nondiabetic men and its role in the regulation of spermatozoal activity.

Concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and, in some cases, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in serum and seminal plasma (SP). IRI levels were usually higher in SP. They were unaffected by masturbation; circulating testosterone, LH, and FSH levels were also unaffected. The IRI concentration was higher in the second (vesicular) fraction of split ejaculates. Semen quality was unrelated to IRI in SP in normal and diabetic (chlorpropamide-maintained) men. The addition of insulin in vitro to washed spermatozoa from diabetic and nondiabetic men had no effect on oxygen and glucose uptake or on lactate production and spermatozoal motility. Furthermore, administration of L-arginine to infertile men for 3 months (4 gm/day) was followed in four of seven men by significant increases in IRI concentrations in blood and SP. However, neither semen quality nor fertility was improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Factors affecting sperm motility. VI. Sperm viability under the influence of bacterial growth in human ejaculates.

The influence of bacterial growth on human sperm motility and viability was evaluated objectively with the multiple-exposure photography method. Experimental semen specimens, obtained from normal donors bh nonaseptic means of masturbation, were incubated with antibiotics at room temperature or body temperature for 24 hours. Although bacteria, grew in control specimens, were totally eradicated in all antibiotic-treated specimens, no significant difference was found between these groups with regard to sperm motility throughout the time of incubation. Sperm survival was not inhibited, nor was it extended as a result of suppression of bacterial growth. In both groups, survival time was much shorter in specimens incubated at body temperature than in those kept at room temperature. Sperm motility was not affected after 2 hours of incubation of fresh specimens with concentrations of various pathogenic bacteria similar to those found in severe prostatitis. The question of whether the use of antibiotics in the treatment of asthenospermia per se has a prognostic value is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

In vitro sperm capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination for the treatment of refractory infertility: phase I.

Fourteen couples with long-standing infertility, associated with cervical mucus insufficiency, male subfertility, or unexplained infertility, participated in a therapeutic trial. The female partners, who were all ovulatory, were given human menopausal gonadotropin from day 2 of the menstrual cycle (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation). When plasma estradiol concentrations reached 1000 to 2000 pg/ml, human chorionic gonadotropin was given. Approximately 32 hours and again 70 hours thereafter, a masturbation specimen of the husband's sperm was capacitated in vitro and inseminated transcervically into the uterine cavity. Five women (35%) conceived following a single cycle of treatment. Four of the pregnancies are currently progressing normally; one ended in a spontaneous miscarriage in the early first trimester. The potential role of in vitro sperm capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination in the treatment of refractory infertility unrelated to female organic pelvic disease is discussed.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1992

Formation of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa of infertile patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of reactive oxygen species formation in semen of a population of patients consulting for infertility. DESIGN: The incidence of reactive oxygen species formation in whole semen and in washed spermatozoa was studied. The values obtained were correlated with semen parameters. The effect of the type of sperm washing on reactive oxygen species formation was also investigated. SETTING: Semen samples from patients consulting for infertility and control subjects were obtained by masturbation after 3 days of sexual abstinence. Reactive oxygen species formation was measured in whole semen, sperm suspension washed by Percoll gradients, or repeated centrifugations. Sperm motility parameters were measured by computer-aided sperm analysis. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Fertile control men and an unselected population of patients consulting for infertility. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Reactive oxygen species formation by fresh semen specimen or washed spermatozoa was measured in a computer-driven LKB 1251 Luminometer (LKB-Wallac, Turku, Finland). RESULTS: Reactive oxygen species formation was detected in 40% of the semen with spermatozoa from infertile patients, whereas none was found in 6 azoospermic men and 10 control men. The level of reactive oxygen species formation was inversely correlated to the semen volume, the percentage of motile spermatozoa, and sperm linearity both in semen and in Percoll-washed spermatozoa. Washing by repeated centrifugation-resuspension increased 20- to 50-fold sperm reactive oxygen species formation. This enhancement was caused by the centrifugation itself and by the removal of seminal plasma. Both morphologically normal and abnormal spermatozoa produced reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that reactive oxygen species formation by spermatozoa may be a significant cause for male infertility.

Centrifugation↗
PubMed1994

Tissue-type plasminogen activator level is decreased in human seminal plasma with abnormal liquefaction.

OBJECTIVE: To determine plasminogen activators (PAs) and PA inhibitor levels in seminal plasma of patients attending an infertility clinic. DESIGN: Quantification by immunologic method of PAs in seminal plasma. SETTING: Patients of Department of Urology and Andrology, University Hospital, Nimes, France. PATIENTS: Ninety-two men attending for assessment because of infertility. INTERVENTIONS: Semen were collected by masturbation. Usual sperm parameters were determined; immediately after liquefaction, samples were snap-frozen at -85 degrees C until used for immunologic determination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tissue-type PA antigen, urokinase-type PA antigen, and type 1 PA inhibitor antigen levels in seminal plasma. RESULTS: Median values of PA were 270 ng/mL (tissue-type PA) and 5.4 ng/mL (urokinase-type PA) in normozoospermia; 290 ng/mL (tissue-type PA) and 5.7 ng/mL (urokinase-type PA) in oligozoospermia; 325 ng/mL (tissue-type PA) and 3.5 ng/mL (urokinase-type PA) in oligoasthenozoospermia. Type 1 PA inhibitor antigen levels were often under detection limit. Tissue-type PA was 173.5 ng/mL in semen with abnormal liquefaction and 290 ng/mL in semen with normal liquefaction. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed the presence of both types of PAs in seminal plasma, tissue-type PA being largely predominant. No difference was found in tissue-type PA, urokinase-type PA, or type 1 PA inhibitor antigen levels between normal and oligozoospermic semen nor between normal and asthenozoospermic semen. On the other hand, semen with abnormal liquefaction had significantly lower tissue-type PA level than normal semen.

Adult↗