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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Alcohol prevention targeting licensed premises: a study of effects on violence.

OBJECTIVE: This research studied the effects of a community alcohol prevention program on violent crimes. Starting in 1996, a 10-year multicomponent program based on community mobilization, training in responsible beverage service for servers and stricter enforcement of existing alcohol laws has been conducted in Stockholm, Sweden. The project has been led by an action group consisting of members from the hospitality industry and the authorities. METHOD: We used a time-series quasi-experimental design that included a control area. Data on police-reported violence during the period of January 1994 to September 2000 were analyzed through ARIMA modeling. RESULTS: During the intervention period, violent crimes decreased significantly by 29% in the intervention area, controlled for the development in the control area. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention seems to have been successful in reducing violent crimes. This effect is most likely due to a combination of various policy changes initiated by the project. The findings support the notion that community action projects working on a local basis can be effective in decreasing alcohol-related problems at licensed premises.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed2006

CpG oligonucleotides accelerate and boost the immune response elicited by AVA, the licensed anthrax vaccine.

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, improving the immune response elicited by coadministered vaccines. Combining CpG ODN with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), the licensed human vaccine, can increase the speed, magnitude and avidity of the resultant anti-anthrax response in mice, rhesus macaques and humans. Adsorbing the CpG ODN onto cationic poly(actide-coglycolides) microparticles further boosts immunity to coadministered AVA. The antibody response induced by CpG ODN plus AVA confers protection against systemic anthrax challenge in multiple animal models. These findings suggest that CpG ODN, alone or in combination with other adjuvants and delivery strategies, may support the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against biothreat pathogens.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

Feasibility study of the immunogenicity and safety of a novel DTPw/Hib (PRP-T) Brazilian combination compared to a licensed vaccine in healthy children at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.

Vaccination of infants with conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has been proven to reduce Hib meningitis by 95% and pneumoniae by 20%. The routine use of Hib vaccine is facilitated by the introduction of combination vaccines into the EPI (Expanded Plan of Immunization). The objective of this study was to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an extemporaneously mixed DTPw/Hib (diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis) combination, using the technology of two Brazilian manufacturers, against a licensed DTPw/Hib European combination in 108 infants vaccinated at 2, 4 and 6 months according to the local national schedule. The Brazilian combination was highly immunogenic with Hib seroprotection rates (anti-PRP > 0.15 mg /ml of 98% after 2 doses and 100% after 3). Also for tetanus and pertussis the new Brazilian combination was as immunogenic as the European counterpart, except the diphtheria seroprotection rates and titers were lower. There was also no clinically relevant difference in reactogenicity. If these feasibility results are confirmed, the Brazilian DTPw/Hib combination should help to boost the uptake of Hib vaccination in Brazil.

Brazil↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of five screening tests licensed in Argentina for detection of hepatitis C virus antibodies.

This study was conducted to compare among the most recent generation of five screening tests licensed in Argentina, in order to evaluate which of the tests has the best sensitivity for detection of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The tests analyzed were: Detect-HCV (3.0) Biochem ImmunoSystems, Canada; Hepatitis C EIA Wiener Lab., Argentina; Equipar HCV Ab, Italy; Murex HCV 4.0, UK and Serodia-HCV particles agglutination test, Japan. The results obtained showed high discrepancy between the different kits used and show that some of the tests assessed have a low sensitivity for anti-HCV detection in both chronic infections and early seroconversion, and indicate that among the commercially available kits in Argentina, Murex HCV 4.0 (UK) and Serodia-HCV particles agglutination test (Japan) have the best sensitivity for HCV screening. Although the sensitivity of the assays is the first parameter to be considered for blood screening, more studies should be carried out to assess the specificity of such assays.

Argentina↗
PubMed1983

Four years' experience with home birth by licensed midwives in Arizona.

In 1978, Arizona began licensing lay midwives under regulations designed to maintain adequate standards of care for women desiring a home birth. During four years of this program, 3 per cent of home birth clients were hospitalized for complications and another 15 per cent received postnatal outpatient care, primarily for second degree lacerations. Five per cent of the newborns required medical care after delivery; half of these were hospitalized. Complications declined over the period due to increased experience, close supervision, and continuing education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Nurse administration of sleep medication: a comparison of registered nurses and licensed practical nurses.

This study examines differences in the administration of PRN (pro re nata or give "as needed") sleep medication between licensed practical nurses and registered nurses working in long-term care facilities. Work characteristics, characteristics of the residents cared for, and the extent of orders and administration of PRN sleep medications were similar in the two groups. No significant differences in the administration of PRN sleep medication were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The asphalt identikit: old age and the driver's license.

A recent study of fifty older adults from a small community is used to explore the asphalt identikit-possession of a valid driver's license and driving-and its use as a disidentifier of old age. Interview material is used to illustrate the substantive issues of identity that underlie the practical activity of driving. Resistance to giving up driving is strong even as self-imposed limits curtail the kind and amount of driving that is done. Older adults use and maintain this asphalt identikit to ward off the stigma of an old age identity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Post-licensing surveillance of vaccines].

Pharmacoepidemiological studies are essential in the post-licensing surveillance of vaccines in order to evaluate the potential benefits and risks of vaccines used in common practice. Surveillance is required to detect rare or unanticipated vaccine adverse events and to ensure confidence in vaccination. Epidemiological studies provide data on the long-term protection conferred by vaccination, and the incidence and associated mortality of, and population susceptibility to, diseases preventable by vaccine. These studies also allow verification of the compatibility between strains contained in the vaccine as well as circulating strains.

Epidemiologic Factors↗
PubMed1992

Cancer mortality among licensed herbicide applicators.

This retrospective cohort study investigated the cancer mortality of 1341 herbicide applicators licensed before 1 January 1980. The cohort was followed for mortality until 1 January 1988 by means of the Dutch system of population registers. For the subjects who died before 1 January 1988 the cause of death was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The cause of death was obtained for 98.4% of the deceased subjects. The total mortality was lower than expected according to mortality rates of the total male Dutch population. The total number of deaths from cancer was however slightly higher than expected [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 114]. Mortality from several subtypes of cancer was also higher than expected, that for multiple myeloma being statistically significantly higher than unity (SMR 815, 95% confidence interval 164-2382). Occupational exposure to herbicides appears to increase the risk for multiple myeloma and possibly other malignant neoplasms.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1989

Cancer risk in a cohort of licensed pesticide users.

First admissions to the hospital among 25,945 men living in southern Piedmont and holding a license authorizing them to use pesticides were analyzed in a study of the cancer risk related to exposure to pesticides. Standardized incidence ratios significantly higher than one were encountered for malignant skin cancers and lymphomas. The risk of lymphoma was particularly high in predominantly arable areas. The standardized incidence ratios for tumors of the nervous system and hematopoietic tissue showed an interesting age-related pattern and a higher risk in areas primarily devoted to forest tree plantation, but did not reach significance. Certain hypotheses are advanced to explain these findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Licensed tests for antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type III. Sensitivity and specificity.

Before the discovery of the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), substantial epidemiologic evidence suggested that the responsible agent could be transmitted by blood and blood products such as factor VIII. The Public Health Service and the Food and Drug Administration therefore took general steps to increase the safety of the blood supply. With the discovery of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) it became possible to test blood for evidence of infection using an antibody detection assay. Currently licensed tests to detect antibody to HTLV-III range in sensitivity between 93% and 99%, and all are above 99% in specificity. The Public Health Service has issued provisional recommendations regarding the voluntary use of the antibody tests to screen blood and plasma donations.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed2001

Occupational factors contributing to low self-esteem in registered nurses and licensed practical nurses: a multivariate analysis.

The present study examines job-related factors leading to low self-esteem in nurses. The lowering of self-esteem suggests that such nurses had difficulty in fully accepting themselves and their circumstances. Subjects were registered nurses (RN) and licensed practical nurses (LPN) at hospitals, and unemployed registered nurses (UEN) seeking employment. Questionnaires were provided at 53 hospitals and a Nurse Bank in Kanagawa Prefecture. The responses of 552 RN, 146 LPN and 433 UEN were analyzed. Questions were asked about personal life, past or present nursing experience, working conditions, nursing skills, satisfaction with work performance and self-esteem. Factors giving rise to low self-esteem were determined using logistic regression analysis and logistic discriminant analysis. Employment status and qualifications were determined to be the most important factors determining the self-esteem of nurses. The next most important factors were 'a limited number of years of experience (less than five years)' and 'dissatisfaction with discretion and responsibility as a nurse' (P < 0.01). Adjusted odds ratio for a reduction in self-esteem for LPN was 4.07 times higher than for UEN, and 2.2 times higher than for RN by logistic regression analysis. LPN are treated as unskilled workers, and thus significant differences were apparent in their performance of certain job tasks. These differences were analyzed using discriminant analysis, and were referred to as follows, 1: Advanced assessment skills, 2: Advanced technical skills, 3: Advanced communication skills, and 4: Nursing plan and documentation (positive discrimination rate was 70.8%). Job dissatisfaction is closely associated with the level of professional training. Continuous education and a feedback system for various levels of nurses are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Selection of licensing candidates in the pharmaceutical industry: an application of the analytic hierarchy process.

The ethical (prescription) pharmaceutical industry depends on a stream of innovative, patent-protected products to maintain growth and profitability. With Sterling Drug's entry into a new therapeutic area (oncology, the study and treatment of cancer), licensing and research collaborations have become an important part of the process of developing a pipeline of potential new drugs. The application of the analytic hierarchy process has led to improved articulation of the relevant criteria and better definition of organizational procedures, thereby benefiting Sterling's decision-making process.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1992

Caught in the middle. A profile of licensed practical nurses in home care.

Licensed practical nurses are the smallest major segment of the home care industry, providing services with registered nurses and home care aides. Although they report high job satisfaction, LPNs are caught at a middle stage in the health care system. With new demographics, labor market considerations, and recruitment experiences, this report points out the discrepancy between the stalled LPN status and their industry growth.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1995

Will state licensing boards become managed care's police?

Physicians might win back some lost autonomy if every ¿No¿ decision from an HMO medical director were subject to review by a state medical licensing board. But views differ on whether the boards should undertake such oversight responsibilities.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1996

Must a risk-assuming healthcare provider have an insurance license?

With the growth of managed care has come the question of whether a risk-assuming provider organization must be licensed to sell insurance. The debate centers on whether capitation arrangements represent an insurance risk or a business risk and whether states have the right to regulate agreements between providers and self-insured employers. A flexible, reasonable approach will be needed if legislators decide to regulate providers that assume varying degrees of risk.

Employee Retirement Income Security Act↗