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PubMed1976

Introducing and implementing on-line bibliographic retrieval services in a scientific research and development organization.

The National Bureau of Standards Library recently implemented on-line bibliographic retrieval services. Methods are given to orient and aid users in availing themselves of the services. Results are presented, based on appraisal of the services by users: value to users; most used data bases; problems requiring search revision; reasons for unsatisfactory results; purposes for request and use of search results; impact on subsequent library use; and future searching requirements. On-line capability impacts on library financing as a whole and on the library role in the community are described.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

GRATEFUL MED: a tool for studying searching behavior.

The latest release of GRATEFUL MED offers medical libraries an opportunity to monitor searching patterns of end users searching the databases of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). A GRATEFUL MED use log records information from each search session. Analysis of the log from a recent beta test program at the Welch Medical Library indicates that most NLM searches occur in the MEDLINE database. Moreover, the study reveals that searchers overlook many user-friendly features of the program. Evaluation of the use log suggests changes for future versions of the program.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

What nurses think of library services: a research study.

The need for more research in nursing has been highlighted by many organisations and official bodies. However, there is evidence to suggest that many nurses involved in research are reluctant to use libraries. This study aimed to ascertain the attitudes of nursing researchers towards libraries by means of questionnaires and interviews. A five-page questionnaire was sent to 289 nursing researchers throughout the UK in July 1994. Common problems found by the researchers were lack of time to get to the library (67 per cent), the library not having the information required (60 per cent) and the library being too far away (40 per cent). The author suggests that nurses and researchers should work more in co-operation with the librarian.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Health care information services in Ireland.

Against a background of fundamental change in the Irish health care environment, a research project was commissioned to determine the information needs of all health care practitioners (including physicians, allied health professionals, managers, scientists, and technicians) as well as the public, patients, and their caregivers. The research, including a study of international best practice, revealed serious deficiencies in access, awareness, and availability of information for both staff and patients in Ireland. Recommendations include the establishment of a panel to develop a comprehensive national health information strategy and plan to coordinate the future development of health sciences information services.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1999

Language barriers and bibliographic retrieval effectiveness: use of MEDLINE by French-speaking end users.

OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to determine if bibliographic retrieval performed by French-speaking end users is impaired by English language interfaces. The American database MEDLINE on CD-ROM was used as a model. METHODS: A survey of self-administered questionnaires was performed at two libraries of Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, during a two-month period in 1997. Three study groups were constituted: MEDLINE / Ovid end users, MEDLINE / Ovid librarian-mediated users, and Pascal, a French bibliographic database, end users. RESULTS: Among 191 respondents, only 22% thought English was an obstacle to their bibliographic retrieval. However, the research software was generally underused and the quality of the retrieval weak. The differences were statistically significant between users trained by librarians and the self-trained group, the former performing better. CONCLUSION: Special efforts need to be made to develop curriculum training programs for computerized bibliographic retrieval in medical schools, regardless of the native language of the student.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed2006

[Can we reduce the episotomy rate?].

OBJECTIVES: Determine whether scientific evidence supports an "appropriate" episiotomy rate - and whether this rate can be reduced via medical intervention and or preventive actions during pregnancy or at the time of delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey of the literature available on Medline and the Cochrane Library between 1980 and 2005 and dealing with the objectives of the present study was undertaken. RESULTS: In France, the national episiotomy rate should not reach 30%. A program aiming at continuous improvement in quality-of-care after episiotomy and including various actions - training courses, audits, presence of a staff leader, episiotomy rate feedback per midwife or obstetrician - could help reduce the use of episiotomies (grade B). There is insufficient scientific data available to recommend perineal massaging or pre-birth perineal physiotherapy (grade B), and the benefits of a pre-birth training course on the perineum are still to be assessed (grade C). A pregnancy-long support provided to a woman by the same professional could reduce the use of episiotomies but not resorting to perineum repair (grade B). The effects of various types of pre-birth training courses on the perineum are unknown (grade C). We lack scientific data to promote perineal massaging during labor (grade B). Some studies show that an upright position during the second stage of labor is less harmful to the perineum than the classical dorsal reclining position, however it can increase the possibility of post-partum hemorrhage (grade B). Scientific proof is not sufficient to advise favoring a particular type of pushing or a specific manner to release the baby's head (grade B). CONCLUSION: More randomized studies are necessary to assess the relevance of all these preventive measures as regards the use of episiotomies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Information needs of academic medical scientists at Chulalongkorn University.

The information needs of scientists in English-speaking countries have been studied and reported in the library literature. However, few studies exist on the information-seeking patterns of scientists in developing countries, and no study has examined the information needs of medical scientists in developing Asian countries. This study investigated the information needs of academic medical scientists at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand. The results indicate that medical scientists have three types of information needs: identifying up-to-date information, obtaining relevant studies and data, and developing research topics. Thai scientists' information-seeking behavior was different from that of scientists in developed countries. The study shows a high use of libraries as information providers; Thai medical scientists rely heavily on information from abroad.

Information Services↗
PubMed1970

The hospital library profile as an evaluation mechanism.

The authors present a profile designed for use in evaluation of the Community and State Services Program of Tomkins-McCaw Library, Medical College of Virginia.Twenty-five community hospitals are participating in the program. For each a profile has been prepared, giving statistical information about the hospital and its library, a complete record of participation in the several parts of the program and other relevant information. Compositely, these profiles provide data used in assessing the value of various activities of the project and provide a reliable base on which activities of the project will be built. Services included in the project are discussed briefly and its two-year history reviewed.

Libraries, Hospital↗
PubMed1991

Use of information resources by veterinary practitioners.

Veterinary practitioners are often isolated from easy access to information in medical or hospital libraries, making necessary the use of a variety of information resources. A survey was conducted to assess the extent to which various information resources were used within the veterinary profession. Most responding veterinarians were small-animal practitioners who used the veterinary literature, colleagues, diagnostic laboratories, continuing education courses, association meetings, and pharmaceutical representatives as sources of information. Books and other practitioners were the preferred information source in critical-care situations, followed closely by diagnostic laboratories and journals. For keeping up-to-date with current advances in veterinary medicine, journals, books, other practitioners, and continuing education were used. University extension services, veterinary medical libraries, and computer applications to information use were not important resources ot most of the respondents. Many veterinarians indicated that they would use library services if they knew more about them. With the trend toward computerization in veterinary practice, it is possible for libraries to help reduce the information isolation of many veterinary practices.

Computers↗
PubMed1991

Health professionals' use of documents obtained through the Regional Medical Library Network.

The Pacific Southwest Regional Medical Library Service (PSRMLS) studied how health professionals use documents obtained through the regional medical library (RML) network and how various factors, such as delivery time, affected that use. A random sample of libraries in Region 7 of the RML network was selected to survey health professionals who had received documents through the interlibrary loan (ILL) network. The survey provided data about the purposes for which health professionals requested documents, how the immediacy of need for the items affected their usefulness, what effect the obtained information had on the health professionals' work, and whether the illustrations represented an important part of the information content of the items. Survey results provided a positive assessment of the ILL network. Results also verified the basic value of the materials provided to health professionals through ILL and identified some areas for consideration in future network development. Users of the documents indicated that the network works efficiently and effectively to provide timely and useful information needed by health professionals. Technological developments in electronic information transmission and imaging will further enhance network operation in the future.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed2000

Cloning and heterologous expression of Solorina crocea pyrG.

A pyrG gene, encoding orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase, was cloned from a phage library derived from the lichen Solorina crocea. Phylogenetic analysis and a survey of geographically well-separated specimens were used to verify that the gene represented the fungal component of the lichen. Both coding and upstream sequences of S. crocea pyrG exhibited features typical of fungal genes. A 132-bp intron interrupting the coding region between nucleotides 157 and 288 was confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing. Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans with S. crocea pyrG, controlled by either its native promoter or the A. nidulans trpC promoter, resulted in uridine-independent strains that exhibited appreciable growth only at 24 degrees C. Southern analysis indicated multiple integrations of S. crocea pyrG. These results demonstrate that heterologous expression may be used to investigate genes from lichens.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of physicians' information needs in five Texas counties.

In 1990, a questionnaire was mailed to all physicians in four counties in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas and to a random sample of physicians in Bexar County, Texas (San Antonio). Two hundred and eighty of 573 Valley physicians (48.9%) and 162 of 273 Bexar County physicians (59.3%) responded to the survey, for an overall response rate of 52.2%. The two groups were compared primarily to determine differences between physicians who have access to established medical libraries and physicians who practice in remote areas without local access to medical information. Demographic variables, professional practice characteristics, and patient characteristics were compared. Information resource use, particularly reasons for use and non-use of MEDLINE, was explored. Questions also were asked about the availability of various types of information technology. The results indicated that differences in the health care profile did not affect the information usage of the physicians but that differences did exist between the two groups in the use of MEDLINE and libraries. There was no statistically significant difference in either group's rating of experience with using databases, with more than 40% in each group rating themselves as not at all experienced.

Libraries, Medical↗
PubMed1992

Research in health sciences library and information science: a quantitative analysis.

A content analysis of research articles published between 1966 and 1990 in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association was undertaken. Four specific questions were addressed: What subjects are of interest to health sciences librarians? Who is conducting this research? How do health sciences librarians conduct their research? Do health sciences librarians obtain funding for their research activities? Bibliometric characteristics of the research articles are described and compared to characteristics of research in library and information science as a whole in terms of subject and methodology. General findings were that most research in health sciences librarianship is conducted by librarians affiliated with academic health sciences libraries (51.8%); most deals with an applied (45.7%) or a theoretical (29.2%) topic; survey (41.0%) or observational (20.7%) research methodologies are used; descriptive quantitative analytical techniques are used (83.5%); and over 25% of research is funded. The average number of authors was 1.85, average article length was 7.25 pages, and average number of citations per article was 9.23. These findings are consistent with those reported in the general library and information science literature for the most part, although specific differences do exist in methodological and analytical areas.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Open access: implications for scholarly publishing and medical libraries.

PURPOSE: The paper reviews and analyzes the evolution of the open access (OA) publishing movement and its impact on the traditional scholarly publishing model. PROCEDURES: A literature survey and analysis of definitions of OA, problems with the current publishing model, historical developments, funding agency responses, stakeholder viewpoints, and implications for scientific libraries and publishing are performed. FINDINGS: The Internet's transformation of information access has fueled interest in reshaping what many see as a dysfunctional, high-cost system of scholarly publishing. For years, librarians alone advocated for change, until relatively recently when interest in OA and related initiatives spread to the scientific community, governmental groups, funding agencies, publishers, and the general public. CONCLUSIONS: Most stakeholders acknowledge that change in the publishing landscape is inevitable, but heated debate continues over what form this transformation will take. The most frequently discussed remedies for the troubled current system are the "green" road (self-archiving articles published in non-OA journals) and the "gold" road (publishing in OA journals). Both movements will likely intensify, with a multiplicity of models and initiatives coexisting for some time.

Access to Information↗
PubMed1988

BRS Colleague MEDLINE end user training follow-up survey.

The amount of recent literature describing end user training programs is substantial, yet there are few reports evaluating the effectiveness of such training. This article reports on a follow-up survey of the first seventy-five trainees of a four-hour BRS Colleague MEDLINE training program at the Health Sciences Library of East Carolina University. The 90.7 percent response rate to the questionnaire provided information about both those who performed searches and those who had not. It indicated how trainees felt about their training, their ability to perform searches or reason for not performing searches, and types of additional training the trainees desired. Survey results are discussed in terms of effectiveness of the training for the end user with infrequent search needs, possible modifications to improve the effectiveness of the training, and possible alternatives to BRS Colleague MEDLINE.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗