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Serving our colleagues: reference and history of medicine services from the National Library of Medicine.

Most biomedical librarians are frequent users of the major online services provided by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), part of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. These services include MEDLINE/PubMed, MedlinePlus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed Central, document delivery, and other key biomedical resources. This article highlights less well-known services from reference, to historical information, to training and other services which librarians may not be aware the NLM offers to them. NLM encourages librarians to consider that NLM's unique and unsurpassed collection can help when local resources may be too limited to serve the needs of their patrons. doi:10.1300/J115v26n01_07.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

Hospital libraries in West Germany: an overview of reference services.

This article presents a study on reference services in German hospital libraries. Information for the study was obtained through personal interviews conducted at four libraries in Stuttgart, West Germany in August 1985. A detailed questionnaire covering services provided, staff training, and use of computers was used during the interviews. While reference services are minimal at the libraries in the study, the commitment to patient library services in Germany is exceptional.

Data Collection↗

Accuracy of telephone reference service in health sciences libraries.

Six factual queries were unobtrusively telephoned to fifty-one U.S. academic health sciences and hospital libraries. The majority of the queries (63.4%) were answered accurately. Referrals to another library or information source were made for 25.2% of the queries. Eleven answers (3.6%) were inaccurate, and no answer was provided for 7.8% of the queries. There was a correlation between the number of accurate answers provided and the presence of at least one staff member with a master's degree in library and information science. The correlation between employing a librarian certified by the Medical Library Association (MLA) and providing accurate answers was significant. The majority of referrals were to specific sources. If these "helpful referrals" are counted with accurate answers as correct responses, they total 76.8% of the answers. In a follow-up survey, five libraries stated that they did not provide accurate answers because they did not own an appropriate source. Staff-related problems were given as reasons for other than accurate answers by two of the libraries, while eight indicated that library policy prevented them from providing answers to the public.

Follow-Up Studies↗

The MEDLINE experience at Yale: 1986-1996.

The Cushing/Whitney Medical Library began providing end-user access to MEDLINE in 1986 and switched to the OVID system in 1993. MEDLINE is a core service of the library, and the choice of delivery systems has had a significant impact throughout the Yale-New Haven Medical Center. This paper describes the user response to MEDLINE, discusses the effects of MEDLINE on other library services, and suggests ways in which technology, policy, and funding have influenced use. Yale's experience suggests that removing barriers in all three areas can dramatically expand the points of access, the number of users, and the amount of use with manageable effects on other library services.

Academic Medical Centers↗

Lessons learned from single service point implementations.

Interest in consolidating service points within health sciences libraries continues. This article proposes a definition of a library single service point and mentions some notable examples in academic health sciences libraries. The experiences of two of these libraries are summarized and compared, and the advice culled from those experiences is shared. The advice is in the form of sharing lessons learned, answering six frequently asked questions about combining services and staff under a single service umbrella. The article offers insights for other library staff considering this type of service reorganization.

Data Collection↗

Children in hospital: I. Survey of library and book provision.

Between 1989 and 1991 two related research projects were undertaken by the authors at the Department of Information and Library Studies, Aberystwyth, into services for children in hospital. This article summarizes the findings of the first of the projects, a survey of book and library services to children in hospital, giving a national profile of provision. It demonstrates a substantial provision of reading and other materials available to children in hospital but a small number of library services, as such. Nurses, teachers and hospital play staff generally exploited these materials for pleasure, educational and therapeutic purposes. The survey was based on questionnaires sent to all hospitals in the UK which treated children and was addressed, where possible, to hospital librarians, otherwise to the senior paediatric nurse. A shorter questionnaire was also addressed to all local authority Young People's and Schools Library services for a public library or school library perspective. Where there was evidence of the use of reading therapy, a further questionnaire was sent to explore its practice. A second article will discuss the results of the second project, which was devoted to a further exploration of reading therapy with children in hospital.

Bibliotherapy↗

Planning the health sciences library: a new building for information services.

Planning for a new Health Sciences Library at the University of Maryland at Baltimore extended over more than 15 years. The program plan was created through an interactive process with the architects, involving all the staff from the library and computing/communications groups, now together in a umbrella organization known as Information Services. The layout for the new building was developed to promote interactions and to integrate staff and services on each floor.

Architecture↗

National Library of Medicine programs--PHS. Final rule.

These regulations govern the programs of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The regulations permit the Regional Medical Libraries to recover part or all of the costs of providing photocopies of biomedical materials; improve readability of the regulations; and update references to statutory authorities and uniform administrative requirements.

Copying Processes↗

Ergonomics in the electronic library.

New technologies are changing the face of information services and how those services are delivered. Libraries spend a great deal of time planning the hardware and software implementations of electronic information services, but the human factors are often overlooked. Computers and electronic tools have changed the nature of many librarians' daily work, creating new problems, including stress, fatigue, and cumulative trauma disorders. Ergonomic issues need to be considered when designing or redesigning facilities for electronic resources and services. Libraries can prevent some of the common problems that appear in the digital workplace by paying attention to basic ergonomic issues when designing workstations and work areas. Proper monitor placement, lighting, workstation setup, and seating prevent many of the common occupational problems associated with computers. Staff training will further reduce the likelihood of ergonomic problems in the electronic workplace.

Computer Terminals↗

Requesting reprints: is it worth it?

Reprint requests are a common means of keeping up with the scientific literature. This study evaluated the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of reprint requests.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗