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PubMed1998

Family and internal migration in Taiwan.

"In this paper we examine internal migration in Taiwan in the 1960s when rural economic conditions were volatile, the shift from agriculture to non-farm employment was gaining momentum, and the government's policy of industrialization through export was adopted. Migration is seen as one component of households' survival/adaptation strategy.... Our empirical analyses are consistent with our a priori theoretical expectations that household access to land, participation in the local wage labor force, and access to migrants' social networks directly influenced how families in Taiwan deployed migration as a household survival strategy."

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Brazilian migration to North America].

"This article is a comparative study of Brazilian immigration to Canada and the United States. Analyses of recently collected data, in Toronto, Ontario, as well as in a medium sized U.S. community permit this study to examine the adaptation and adjustment experiences of a new group of immigrants to North America. This article begins with a discussion of the origins of this recent immigrant group, and its rapid expansion. Next, this study focuses on the labor force activities of Brazilian immigrants and compares and contrasts their experiences in the U.S. and Canada. A final section examines social adaptation in North America by exploring linguistic and cultural dimensions." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Acculturation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Population and employment in Latin America].

Both high rates of labor force growth and large dependency ratios are forecast in this paper for the countries of Latin America in the 1990s. The author concludes that "population and employment problems must be given high priority in bilateral negotiations and/or with international organizations when deciding upon structural adjustment strategies." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1986

Hong Kong and its hinterland: a case of international rural-to-urban migration?

"The historical background of migration to Hong Kong from China is reviewed. The focus is, however, on the 'wave' of migration that occurred in the late 1970s. Two distinct streams of migration are identified, legal and illegal, each with different characteristics." Data are primarily from official Hong Kong sources. The author notes the high levels of education among immigrants and the relative ease with which they have been absorbed into the labor force. "Political conditions in China are seen to be a major factor in explaining fluctuations in the volume of migration to Hong Kong. No relaxation of controls on future movement is seen as Hong Kong becomes part of China."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1992

Geographical differentials in the socioeconomic status of Puerto Ricans: human capital variations and labor market characteristics.

"This article examines the role of human capital and labor market characteristics in explaining geographical and individual differentials in socioeconomic outcomes of Puerto Rican women [in the United States]. The better socioeconomic performance of Puerto Ricans outside the Northeast can be in part related to their larger amount of human capital. Labor market characteristics also play a role, but their effects are generally small. Net of other characteristics, Northeast residence reduces labor force participation, increases female headship, but reduces welfare use. Of all groups examined, recent migrants from Puerto Rico located in the Northeast show the poorest socioeconomic outcomes."

Americas↗
PubMed1987

The avoidable costs of population.

The social and economic consequences of current demographic trends in South Africa are analyzed using the concept of avoidable costs. The author presents projections of the population up to the year 2000 organized under four major categories: executive and managerial; professional; semi-skilled; and the unskilled, peasants, underemployed, and very poor. Comparisons are made with projections for the same four categories for Canada to show the problems faced by South Africa, in that relatively small growth in the first two classes is contrasted to massive growth in the other, and particularly the least privileged, classes. Consideration is given to the implications for the provision of schools and for the labor force. The author concludes that "if a problem is to be tackled at its roots it is to the control of human numbers that our attention is to be directed."

Africa↗
PubMed1993

The employment and wages of legalized immigrants.

"This article analyzes the employment and wages of recently legalized immigrants [in the United States] using the Legalization Application Processing System (LAPS) file, an administrative file based on the individual records of amnesty applicants, and draws comparisons with a sample of the foreign-born population from the Current Population Surveys of 1983, 1986 and 1988. Compared to the total foreign-born population, the legalized immigrant population differs in four important respects that bear on labor market position: 1) a younger age structure; 2) a less balanced gender composition; 3) a greater representation of Latin Americans; and 4) few years of U.S. residence. LAPS data reveal high rates of labor force participation among legalized immigrants, which exceeded the rates of the foreign-born population by approximately 5 and 17 percent for men and women, respectively."

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1984

Non-white migration patterns in northern metropolitan areas, 1960-1970: the interaction between economic and affinitive factors.

"The principal objective of this article is to investigate the determinants of variation in the growth of non-white populations attributable to migration across northern [U.S.] metropolitan areas during the 1960s." The investigation is done by means of a single equation framework model, which is applied to U.S. Bureau of the Census data. The results indicate that "the migration-related growth of non-white populations in northern metropolitan areas during the 1960s was...importantly and directly associated both with the level of employment opportunities as measured by the proportion of the non-white population of labor force age officially employed in the mainstream economy of an SMSA and with the SMSA rate of net migration occurring over the preceding 10-year period, which indicates the role of chain migration."

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

The design and implementation of a regional economic-demographic simulation model.

The management of urban growth patterns in the United States in order to maximize the benefits of public and private investments in urban areas is examined. The authors present "the results of a modelling design effort to link a hybrid regional input-output model to demographic, labor force and energy models for use in planning in the San Francisco Bay Region. Extensive use of system feedback is a major component of this research effort. Summary results of the model outputs are presented...."

Americas↗
PubMed1988

The dependency ratio and optimum population growth. The total utility case.

"This paper examines the effects of introducing a variable dependency ratio in Dasgupta's (1969) model. We consider a case in which the probability of dying as well as the rate of participation in the labor force change with age. It is shown that the inclusion of those realistic demographic features slows down the optimal rate of population growth and increases the rate of consumption. In spite of the reduction in the rate of population growth, this rate can still be positive. The sensitivity of the solutions to changes in the demographic parameters of the model is examined."

Demography↗
PubMed1991

Women and migration: the social consequences of gender.

"This paper reviews the literature on the neglected role of women in migration. It argues that focusing on gender and the family can provide the necessary linkage of micro and macro levels of analyses. Striving to contribute to a gendered understanding of the social process of migration, the review organizes the literature along these major issues: How is gender related to the decision to migrate--i.e. what are the causes and consequences of female or male-dominated flows of migration? What are the patterns of labor market incorporation of women immigrants--i.e. what accounts for their participation in the labor force and their occupational concentration? What is the relationship of the public and the private--i.e. what is the impact of work roles on family roles and of the experience of migration on the immigrants themselves? Throughout, the necessity to understand how ethnicity, class, and gender interact in the process of migration and settlement is stressed."

Behavior↗
PubMed1986

Population structure in the Arab world and its impact on integration and development trends.

The author examines three issues: "population structure in the Arab world; trends making for integration and unity among the Arab countries; and economic and social development trends." Data from the United Nations for 1985 and from recent censuses are used to discuss population size, growth, and spatial distribution; the labor force; age and sex distribution; and fertility, mortality, and natural increase. Figures are presented separately for 22 Arab countries. Attention is then given to the relationships between population structure and economic and social development and between development and Arab unity and integration.

Africa↗
PubMed1981

Urbanization in Taiwan, 1964-1975.

"This paper examines levels and rates of urbanization in Taiwan and its ability to absorb a growing labor supply in its urban centers. Urban growth is concentrated in the Northern region and in large urban places. By 1975, half of Taiwan's population was located in places of 50,000 or more and 80 percent of the total population growth between 1964 and 1975 occurred in urban areas. Despite substantial urban growth and an even more rapid labor force growth, workers were absorbed into 'urban' industries and occupations. Based on this ability to absorb, Taiwan does not appear to be overurbanized and seems to fit the Western model." This paper was originally presented at the 1980 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America (see Population Index, Vol. 46, No. 3, Fall 1980, p. 373). (summary in CHI)

Asia↗
PubMed1989

Metropolitan population size and economic well-being.

A multi-equation recursive model is specified wherein the level and inequality of income in US metropolitan areas are functions of population, labor force characteristics, industrial structure, and occupational structure. Parameters are estimated for a 1980 sample of 120 standard metropolitan statistical areas representative of all population sizes. These parameters suggest that metropolitan areas of 1.9 million population demonstrate on average the greatest inequality, ceteris paribus. Population proved not to be strongly correlated with per capita income, either directly or indirectly.

Americas↗
PubMed1994

Brazilian immigration to North America.

"This article is a comparative study of Brazilian immigration to Canada and the United States. Analysis of recently collected data in Toronto, Ontario and in a medium-size U.S. community facilitated the examination of the adaptation and adjustment experiences of a new group of immigrants to North America. This article begins with a discussion of the origins of this recent immigrant group and its rapid expansion. Next, it focuses on the labor force activities of Brazilian immigrants and compares and contrasts their experiences in the United States and Canada. A final section examines social adaptation in North America by exploring linguistic and cultural dimensions. This article closes with a section on the future aspirations of these immigrants."

Acculturation↗
PubMed1987

[A further test of a multivariate forecasting model for fertility].

A model developed by J. Nelissen and A. Vossen, for making short-term population projections, is first described. In this model, the fertility rate is related to the unemployment rate and the fraction of the labor force employed in agriculture. The model is then applied to Dutch data for the period 1980-1985. "The main conclusions are that the results depend heavily on the choice of the forecasting period and that the ex-post forecasts of Nelissen and Vossen's model are out-performed by univariate ARIMA-projections." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of changing mortality on the working life of American men and women, 1970-1990.

The mortality patterns of men and women of working age, in terms of the major causes of death, have changed over the past three decades. This study assesses the extent to which mortality among persons of working age represents an economic loss to society. This economic loss is measured by the per capita loss of productive working life, defined as the number of years, on the average, a person can expect to be an active member of the labor force. Causes of death affecting primarily older Americans (heart disease, cancer, stroke) had a relatively small and declining impact on the working lives of men and women. Major causes of death affecting the young (motor vehicle accidents, homicide, AIDS), although accounting for fewer deaths, were responsible for many more years of lost productivity. Gender and socioeconomic differentials in mortality suggest that different strategies are necessary for future reductions in lost work-years.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

Development and human resources in the Islamic world: a study of selected countries.

"The present paper attempts to provide an analytical profile of development and human resources in [12] selected [Islamic] countries." The countries--Bangladesh, Somalia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Egypt, Turkey, Malaysia, Algeria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and United Arab Emirates--vary in income levels from low to high and in population size from 1 million to 159 million. Using data from the World Bank and the Population Council, comparisons are made on the basis of mortality and fertility levels, family size, income, urbanization, labor force size and growth, education, nutrition, and health. Governmental policy changes and future directions are discussed.

Africa↗