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PubMedDate not supplied

[The development of an informational logic support for aiding diagnosis and treatment. The Edecan-Med program. I. The assessment of nutritional status].

We present the elaboration of an informatic program (Informatic Logic Support [SLI]) as a clinical help in diagnosis and treatment, for use by compatible computers PC. In this first part dedicated to artificial nutrition, we explain the scientific support, the capture of anthropometric and biochemical data, the processing, the results and the conclusions delivered by the computer that inform us about all the calculated nutritional parameters the type of malnutrition, the surgical risk of morbimortality (nutritional prognostic), and the caloric needs.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2006

A logic model for the integration of mental health into chronic disease prevention and health promotion.

Mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety affect an individual's ability to undertake health-promoting behaviors. Chronic diseases can have a profound impact on an individual's mental health; in turn, mental health status affects an individual's ability to participate in treatment and recovery. A group of mental health and public health professionals convened to develop a logic model for addressing mental health as it relates to chronic disease prevention and health promotion. The model provides details on inputs, activities, and desired outcomes, and the designers of the model welcome input from other mental health and public health practitioners.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge discovery from structured mammography reports using inductive logic programming.

The development of large mammography databases provides an opportunity for knowledge discovery and data mining techniques to recognize patterns not previously appreciated. Using a database from a breast imaging practice containing patient risk factors, imaging findings, and biopsy results, we tested whether inductive logic programming (ILP) could discover interesting hypotheses that could subsequently be tested and validated. The ILP algorithm discovered two hypotheses from the data that were 1) judged as interesting by a subspecialty trained mammographer and 2) validated by analysis of the data itself.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2005

Mapping Department of Defense laboratory results to Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC).

The Department of Defense (DoD) has used a common application, Composite Health Care System (CHCS), throughout all DoD facilities. However, the master files used to encode patient data in CHCS are not identical across DoD facilities. The encoded data is thus not interoperable from one DoD facility to another. To enable data interoperability in the next-generation system, CHCS II, and for the DoD to exchange laboratory results with external organizations such as the Veterans Administration (VA), the disparate master file codes for laboratory results are mapped to Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) wherever possible. This paper presents some findings from our experience mapping DoD laboratory results to LOINC.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMed2005

Use of description logic classification to reason about consequences of penetrating injuries.

The consequences of penetrating injuries can be complex, including abnormal blood flow through the injury channel and functional impairment of organs if arteries supplying them have been severed. Determining the consequences of such injuries can be posed as a classification problem, requiring a priori symbolic knowledge of anatomy. We hypothesize that such symbolic knowledge can be modeled using ontologies, and that the reasoning task can be accomplished using knowl-edge representation in description logics (DL) and automatic classification. We demonstrate the capabilities of automated classification using the Web Ontology Language (OWL) to reason about the consequences of penetrating injuries. We created in OWL a knowledge model of chest and heart anatomy describing the heart structure and the surrounding anatomic compartments, as well as the perfusion of regions of the heart by branches of the coronary arteries. We then used a domain-independent classifier to infer ischemic regions of the heart as well as anatomic spaces containing ectopic blood secondary to the injuries. Our results highlight the advantages of posing reasoning problems as a classification task, and lever-aging the automatic classification capabilities of DL to create intelligent applications.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2006

Introduction of a new orthodontic treatment planning software; a fuzzy logic expert system.

General practitioners can learn the mechanical aspects of orthodontics quickly. But they are not usually sure about the treament plans they propose. In this article, new software is described that proposes treatment plans fornon-surgical orthodontic cases. This computer program can receive patients' data in both graphical and numerical forms. The concepts of fuzzy logic have been used to enable the software to work with nominal parameters. This feature greatly simplifies the use of the software because it does not force the user to measure several numerical variables. Each patients' data is saved by this software and the saved data can be modified or deleted later. The computer program is prepared to deal with special cases such as incomplete dentitions appropriately. The software is supposed to reduce the number of inappropriate extractions and erroneous treatment plans for orthodontic purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Fuzzy logic model based on the differential nursing diagnosis of alterations in urinary elimination.

The nursing diagnoses associated with alterations in urinary elimination require different interventions, and nurses who are not specialists need support to diagnose and to manage patients with disturbances of urine elimination. The aim of this study was to present a model based on fuzzy logic for making differential diagnosis of alterations in urinary elimination, considering the nursing diagnosis approved by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), 2001-2002. The fuzzy maximum-minimum composition was used to develop this model. It was tested with 195 cases from a database of a previous study. The model was able to determine the diagnosis in total accordance with a panel of three experts for 79.5% of the cases. The model diagnosed 19% of the cases with partial concordance with the panel of experts. Only for 3 cases (1.5%) the model showed a different diagnosis. It is concluded that the model proposed here, despite of its simplicity, presents good performance. However, it is recommended more tests before widely used as support for clinical decision.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

American Dietetic Association's Standardized Nutrition Language: Project logic model and current status.

Standardized terminology and digital sources of evidence are essential for evidence-based practice. Dieticians desire concise and consistent documentation of nutrition diagnoses, interventions and outcomes that will be fit for electronic health records. Building on more than 5 years of work to generate the Nutrition Care Process and Model as a road map to quality nutrition care and outcomes, and recognizing existing standardized languages serving other health professions, a task force of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) has begun to develop and disseminate standardized nutrition language. This paper will describe the group's working logic model, the Nutrition Care Process, and the current status of the nutrition language with comparisons to nursing process and terminology.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1989

[The whole and its parts: solution logic of the 9-point problem].

The ill-defined nine-dot problem is reanalysed to provide a new theoretical perspective for this old problem. In particular, the theory shows how the functional fixedness of the dots can be overcome and the correct solution obtained by a process of logic. The perspective develops ideas from holistic and gestalt psychology, and shows how an entity defines its parts by demanding particular functions and how the parts in turn define the entity by the functions they serve. One central result for problem solving is the partition of processes into processes of composition and decomposition, thus leading to a theoretical foundation for the rule-governed process of planning backwards that contains both top-down and bottom-up processes. The theory is exemplified by providing a detailed account of the solution of the problem.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1985

The effects of mild hypoxia on a logical reasoning task.

In an attempt to replicate the findings of Crow and Kelman (1969) and Denison et al. (1966), which suggest that the performance of novel tasks can be impaired at altitudes below 3,050 m, 150 subjects were divided into five independent groups and their performance tested on a logical reasoning task. One group was tested at ground level in a lecture room; the remaining groups were tested in a decompression chamber, one at 305 m, one at 2,440 m, one at 3,050 m and one at 3,660 m. Significant differences were identified between the 'lecture room' and 'chamber' groups in both speed of work and error rate (p less than 0.05); this finding is interpreted as the effect of apprehension on the naive subjects. A significant difference was found between the group tested at 3660 m and the remaining groups for error rate (p less than 0.05); this finding is interpreted as the effect of apprehension on the naive subjects. A significant difference was found between the group tested at 3660 m and the remaining groups for error rate (p less than 0.05) but not for speed of work. However, no effect of altitude on the way in which the task was learned could be demonstrated.

Altitude↗
PubMed1978

Logical, epistemological and statistical aspects of nature-nurture data interpretation.

In this paper the nature of the reasoning processes applied to the nature-nurture question is discussed in general and with particular reference to mental and behavioral traits. The nature of data analysis and analysis of variance is discussed. Necessarily, the nature of causation is considered. The notion that mere data analysis can establish "real" causation is attacked. Logic of quantitative genetic theory is reviewed briefly. The idea that heritability is meaningful in the human mental and behavioral arena is attacked. The conclusion is that the heredity-IQ controversy has been a "tale full of sound and fury, signifying nothing". To suppose that one can establish effects of an intervention process when it does not occur in the data is plainly ludicrous. Mere observational studies can easily lead to stupidities, and it is suggested that this has happened in the heredity-IQ arena. The idea that there are racial-genetic differences in mental abilities and behavioral traits of humans is, at best, no more than idle speculation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Constructing a distributed object-oriented system with logical constraints for fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

This paper describes a fully distributed biological-object system that supports FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter) instrumentation. The architecture of the system can be applied to any laboratory automation system that involves distributed instrument control and data management. All component processes of FACS (such as instrument control, protocol design, data analysis, and data visualization), which may run on different machines, are modeled as cooperatively-working "agents." Communication among agents is performed through shared-objects by triggered methods. This shared-object metaphor encapsulates the details of network programming. The system facilitates the annotation of classes with first-order formulae that express logical constraints on objects; these constraints are automatically maintained upon updates. Also, the shared-object communication and polymorphic triggered methods are exploited to produce a homogeneous interface for instrument control.

Automation↗
PubMed1994

Suicide as social logic.

Although suicide is not viewed as a mental disorder per se, it is viewed by many if not most clinicians, researchers, and lay people as a real or natural symptom of depression. It is at least most typically seen as the unfortunate, severe, yet logical end result of a chain of negative self-appraisals, negative events, and hopelessness. Extending an approach articulated by the early French sociologist Gabriel Tarde, in this paper I argue that suicide is merely an idea, albeit a very bad one, having more in common with societal beliefs and norms regarding such things as divorce, abortion, sex, politics, consumer behavior, and fashion. I make a sharp contrast between perturbation and lethality, concepts central to Edwin S. Shneidman's theory of suicide. Evidence supportive of suicide as an idea is discussed based on what we are learning from the study of history and culture, and about contagion/cluster phenomena, media/communication, and choice of method. It is suggested that certain individuals are more vulnerable to incorporate the idea and act of suicide into their concepts of self, based on the same principles by which ideas are spread throughout society. Just as suicide impacts on society, so does society impact on suicide.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1995

[The prospect of studying genetic systems using an informational-logical approach].

A new information technology, the information-logical approach (ILA), which is based on information theory methods and the fuzzy sets theory, is considered. This method can be applied for the majority of biological and ecological studies, and in genetics. In breeding and genetic studies, ILA can be used as a basis for the development of methods that will allow one to take into account ecological, geographic, climatic, and other peculiarities of trait expression that influence productivity. Application of ILA also opens new prospects for analyzing results of genetic and ecological monitoring (e.g., post-Chernobyl' monitoring) to predict further behavior of the systems studied. This paper presents a general outline of information analysis, describes a block of one-factor analysis, which was implemented on a personal computer and has a user-friendly interface, and also presents several examples concerning application of ILA to specific genetic systems.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1993

[Diabetic retinopathy score and fuzzy logic in therapy].

A system for determining optimal treatment of diabetic retinopathy was devised on the basis of fuzzy logic. In a previous study we devised a new retinopathy scoring system from the multivariate analysis of fluorescein angiography findings. Using this scoring system we expressed severities as language terms and assigned them membership functions which showed grade (0-1). Next, the optimal treatment was determined by defuzzification of the membership functions given to treatment programs corresponding to the severity of retinopathy. This decision system is shown as a nomogram. Users of this system can get the grade for choosing optimal treatment after they input the retinopathy score into the nomogram. Assessment of this fuzzy decision system was performed by changes in the extent of dye leakage (Le) and neovascularization (NV) in 86 eyes of 48 diabetic patients followed up for over 12 months. When the grade of choice was over 0.5, the evaluation of choosing optimal treatment was 74% by Le and 68% by NV. Le improved but NV did not improve when the grade of choice was elevated to a higher level.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Computed tomography image enhancement using the concept of fuzzy logic.

Diagnostic features in computed tomography (CT) images vary widely due to the vague nature (fuzziness) of functional characteristics in organ pathologies. Classical image enhancement techniques cannot adapt to the characteristics of this nature. A method based on fuzzy logic is given in this paper. In this method the image of interest is transformed into a fuzzy plane using fuzzifiers which can be changed to select a crossover point. A contrast intensification operator (INT) is then applied. The operator increases the grade of membership of those values which lie above the crossover point and decreases the same for those pixels which lie below it, thereby increasing the contrast and reducing the fuzziness. Quantitative measures of fuzziness which reflect a sort of quantitative measure of image quality have also been studied. Using digitized CT images it has been shown that at early stages of a disease, when the contrast of the pathological tissues is very low, the visibility of the disease could be considerably improved using this technique.

Fuzzy Logic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facilitating the shift to population-based public health programs: innovation through the use of framework and logic model tools.

Program planning and evaluation are critical steps in using a population health approach. This paper outlines how logic models have been adapted within a health promotion framework to guide public health programs and facilitate program description. It is important that we take the time to describe clearly what we are doing, reflect on practice and elaborate the conceptual base for the new public health programs so that we can evaluate the impact of our work. Ongoing research is required to identify appropriate and measurable indicators that capture the process, as well as the outcome, of population-based health promotion.

Canada↗