Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LEPTOSPIROSIS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[The clinical use of blood ultrafiltration in leptospirosis patients with acute kidney and liver failure].

The use of ultrafiltration of blood in clinical settings in the treatment of patients with leptospirosis presenting with acute renal failure permits enhancing a detoxicating effect due to elimination with the ultrafiltrate of up to 30% of products of nitrogenous metabolism. This allows the water balance to be corrected, homeostasis, the functional activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems to be stabilized. Therapeutic effectiveness is enhanced that is evidenced by a 20% decline in the incidence of complications and in case-fatality rate in grave forms of leptospirosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

[Endemic and imported severe leptospirosis (Weil's disease) in southern Switzerland].

We report on 4 cases of severe icteric leptospirosis. Three patients developed renal failure requiring haemodialysis and one required mechanic ventilation for 10 days. On entry all patients presented with severe myalgia, particularly in the calves, jaundice, oligo-anuria and severe thrombocytopenia. In one case an acute abdomen-like presentation led to exploratory laparotomy. We believe that the abdominal pain was mainly due to rhabdomyolysis of the abdominal wall. The outcome was favorable in all cases and recovery of renal function was observed after a few days to several weeks. Three out of 4 patients were infected in southern Switzerland. This observation underscores the importance of wild and domestic animals as a leptospira reservoir. Patients presenting with acute renal failure and jaundice, but only mild-to-moderate elevation of transaminases, are suspect for leptospirosis regardless of travel to a tropical or subtropical country.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2000

[Acute pleuro-pneumonitis resulting from leptospirosis].

We report a case of acute pneumonitis with pleural effusion and respiratory distress syndrome that was the inaugural sign of leptospirosis in a 37-year-old patient exposed to rat dejections at home. The patient was given penicillin and oxygen therapy with evacuation of the pleural effusion. Lung manifestations in leptospirosis usually occur as non-specific cough and hemoptysis. Pleural effusion is uncommon. Adult respiratory distress syndrome and profuse hemoptysis can also occur, requiring special care.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Experimental study of the effect of dexamethasone on pulmonary diffuse hemorrhage and energy metabolism of mitochondria in the liver of guinea pig infected with leptospirosis].

This experiment was designed to study the curative effect of dexamethasone on leptospirosis with pulmonary diffuse hemorrhage (PDH) in guinea pig model. The guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: the infected group, all animals developed PDH(n = 10); the infected plus treated group(n = 10); the treated control group(n = 10); and the normal control group(n = 10). The gross and microscopic observations in lung, liver and kidney were made. Also, ultrastructural changes of mitochondria in liver were examined, and the lactic acid level and mitochondrial ATPase activity in liver were determined. The results showed that there was significant difference in mortality, in gross and microscopic changes in lung, liver and kidney, and in the changes of mitochondrial ultrastructures, ATPase activity and lactic acid level in liver between the infected group and the infected plus treated group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the pharmacologic dose of dexamethasone injected intravenously in the early stage of PDH may have some beneficial effect on the emergency treatment of leptospirosis with PDH. The mechanism appears to be related to its effect on the inhibition of glycolysis and increasing oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2000

Use of locally isolated saprophytic Leptospira strain for serological testing of human leptospirosis.

A saprophytic Leptospira isolate recovered from tap water was utilized for serological testing. One hundred-twenty Serum samples comprising 55 cases from PUO/febrile jaundice and 65 samples from apparently healthy individuals were tested by MAT and HA using this environmental saprophytic strain and the results compared with that of Leptospira biflexa semaranga patoc, the standard saprophytic strain commonly employed for sero-diagnosis of leptospirosis. The MAT data showed 96.4 per cent correlation between the two strains. Similarly, the HA results were matching to the extent of 94.5 per cent. Results, therefore, suggest that local saprophytic Leptospira strain may serve as a substitute to serovar patoc for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2001

Leptospira strains kept at the National Centre for Leptospirosis in Rome, Italy.

Since the National Centre for Leptospirosis (Department of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome) was established in 1956 by B. Babudieri, efforts have been devoted to identifying new Leptospira isolates and maintaining a collection of strains that today comprises 670 strains, 550 of which have been totally or partially classified, and 120 are still under study. This collection includes 23 serogroups and 156 serovars of pathogenic leptospires, and 32 serogroups and 54 serovars of saprophytic leptospires. The conventional serogroup and serovar identification, mainly based on antigenic relatedness, is tedious and time-consuming, requiring the maintenance of a comprehensive collection of serovar reference strains and the preparation of the corresponding rabbit antisera. Although considerable difficulties are encountered in the classification of leptospires at the serogroup and serovar level, this classification system is essential to obtain information on the epidemiology of leptospirosis in the different geographical areas. Serovar identification has become faster with the introduction of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of large DNA fragments obtained after digestion of leptospiral DNAs with rare-cutting restriction enzymes. This technique has been successfully utilized to discriminate between closely related serovars of the Leptospira interrogans complex. We have recently used PFGE to characterize several Italian leptospiral isolates, confirming that PFGE analysis combined with microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can be used as an accurate and reliable method to compare and classify leptospires.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haemorrhagic pneumonitis: A rare presentation of leptospirosis.

Leptospirosis is an uncommon zoonosis. As a systemic disease, it presents itself by multisystem involvement. Pulmonary involvement with leptospirosis often is manifested by respiratory symptoms; but pneumonia commonly is not a prominent clinical manifestation of the illness. We report a case of leptospiral pneumonia in which pulmonary manifestations were primary clinical features of the illness. The prompt resolution of chest x-ray on institution of treatment is noteworthy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical aspects of leptospirosis in carriers of viral hepatitis markers].

Comparative clinical, laboratory, and instrumental studies were conducted in 370 leptospirosis patients having positive (14.32%) and negative (85.68%) viral hepatitis markers. There were differences in the symptoms of hepatobiliary lesions, which were regarded as phenomena of either chronic viral hepatitis or secondary reactive hepatitis in 84.9% HV-positive and 14.8% HV-negative patients with leptospirosis. The findings suggest that it is necessary for physicians to examine such patients for viral hepatitis markers and, if the latter are found, to define the pattern of hepatic damage, and to make an early pathogenetic correction of the disorders found. The viral etiology of chronic hepatic inflammation should be borne in mind at follow-ups of HV-positive reconvalescents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreak of leptospirosis after the cyclone in Orissa.

BACKGROUND: Two weeks after the cyclone during October-November 1999, several persons in Orissa suffered from a febrile illness with haemorrhagic manifestations. Serum samples from a few such patients tested positive for anti-leptospiral IgM antibodies. We conducted a study in four villages that were flooded after the cyclone to examine the possibility of leptospirosis being the cause of the outbreak. METHODS: One hundred forty-two persons living in four flooded villages in the Jaipur district of Orissa were interviewed for their disease history and possible risk factors after the cyclone. Blood samples were collected and tested for anti-leptospiral antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test, IgM ELISA and lepto-dipstick. Follow up samples were collected from those who had inconclusive results on the first test and the microscopic agglutination test was repeated on these samples. RESULTS: Eighty-four of the 142 study subjects had suffered a febrile illness and 40 of them had positive results in one or more IgM-based tests and 28 had a positive microscopic agglutination test result as well. Thus, 19.2% of the study subjects (28/142) had serological evidence of symptomatic leptospiral infection after the cyclone. Also, 8.5% of the subjects had low levels of antibodies indicative of the level of background seroprevalence. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that there was an outbreak of leptospirosis in the flooded villages and the attack rate was high. A carrier state might have existed in the animal population and the cyclone and floods changed the environment drastically making it conducive for transmission of infection. Large numbers of persons were continuously exposed to flood waters and this resulted in the outbreak.

Disasters↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical and pathogenic evaluation of acid-base, gas and electrolyte homeostasis in patient with leptospirosis and acute renal insufficiency].

With the purpose of further perfecting the pathogenetic therapy, indices for the acid-base status were studied together with those for the electrolyte exchange in the time-related course of the disease in patients with grave leptospiral jaundice presenting with acute renal failure (ARF). Patients with leptospirosis running a grave course and ARF display changes in the acid-base status and gas composition of the blood. Patients presenting with oligoanuric ARF and fatal outcome develop uncompensated metabolic acidosis (11.8%), in case of favourable outcome--metabolic acidosis with compensation by respiratory alkalosis (29.4%). The polyuric ARF stage is characterized by a mixed metabolic and respiratory alkalosis (58.8%). Results of studies made warrant use of indices for the acid-base, gas, and electrolyte balance to assess severity and prognosis of leptospirosis, to determine the stage of ARF, and to develop rational pathogenetic therapies.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2002

[The role glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in pathogenesis of anemia in leptospirosis].

The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) of plasma and erythrocytes, levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, free hemoglobin and reticulocytes in different periods of illness were assessed in 30 men with severe icteric leptospirosis and anemia. Elevation of plasma G-6-PDG activity, levels of free hemoglobin (FH) and reticulocytes were found. Hemolysis was more pronounced at the height of the disease. One of the causes of hemolysis in severe leptospiral jaundice may be deficiency of erythrocytic G-6-PDG which is inheritable male disease. Low G-6-PDG activity of erythrocytes on the second week of the illness preceded anemia in 83.3% cases which could be a prognostic criterion of developing anemic syndrome. Combined treatment of leptospirosis with administration of tocopherol acetate resulted in a significant fall of plasma FH and G-6-PDG, of severity and duration of anemia versus the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Acute renal failure caused by leptospirosis.

Three patients with severe leptospirosis leading to anuria and treated with haemodialysis are reported. One patient died. The pathomechanism and the underlying pathological and histological changes of the renal failure are discussed. It is stressed that the clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis is often difficult, as other infectious diseases,first of all infectious hepatitis, frequently present the same symptoms.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Outbreak of human leptospirosis after a flood in Reconquista, Santa Fe, 1998].

Since April of 1998 a high number of leptospirosis cases were detected, coming from the area of Reconquista Central Hospital in Santa Fe province. Since January of that year a notable increase in rainfall and river levels was observed causing inundation. As screening test, macroscopic agglutination (MAT) using 10 serotypes of L. interrogans. Among the 122 patients studied 71 were TR positive and 52 were also ELISA positive, leptospirosis diagnosis being confirmed in 40 of them. Five infecting serogroups were identified: Icterohaemorrhagiae (7/40), Ballum (5/40), Sejroe (3/40), Pomona (3/40) and Canicola (2/40). In the remaining cases (20/40), co-agglutinins were found at the same titer against two or more serotypes of leptospires. Infection prevalence was higher in men and productive age (21 to 40 years). The clinical symptoms more frequently observed were headache, fever and myalgias. All cases occurred after the rains and in the period when the area was flooded. Their clinical presentation, time distribution, geographical localization and high frequency of contact with the risk factor inundation could indicate that, independently of search activities, there was an outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Canine leptospirosis in the state of São Paulo (author's transl)].

In this paper the occurrence of leptospirosis was studied by the search of agglutininis antileptospira, in 10 dogs with symptoms of the disease. Another group of 22 animals with hepatic or renal insufficiency was also studied for the correlation between both insufficiency and leptospirosis. Finally, a third group of 40 dogs, clinically normal, was also included in this study. In 60% of suspected cases the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of specific agglutinins to serotypes icterohaemorrhagiae, canícola, grippotyphosa and bataviae. Among animals with renal or hepatic insufficiency it was found 36.3% of reagents while in the normal group the rate was only 7.5%. The serotype butembo was detected serologically in dogs for the first time in Brazil.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed2002

Serologic evidence of mixed infection involving the zoonoses leishmaniasis and leptospirosis in Greek dogs.

Leishmaniasis, an important zoonosis, was serologically found to coexist with leptospirosis, another important zoonosis. The proportion of dogs positive to leishmaniasis was approximately 36%. Significant differences were observed between dogs located in greater Athens and those from rural Greece. Although dogs from either of the groups had a similar chance to be infected, rural dogs had significantly (p<0.01) higher titers (1/1,600) than dogs from greater Athens. Thirty two of the 344 dog serum samples examined had positive antibody titers against Leptospira spp., but only 13 of them had titers of 1/400 or over to both of the infectious agents. Whilst noted differences in the antibody titers of samples with evidence of leishmaniasis and leptospirosis were not observed their coexistence may complicate the clinical outcome of cases of mixed infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Detection of leptospirosis reservoirs in Madagascar using the polymerase chain reaction technique].

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for detection of the Leptospira interrogans rrs gene in kidney tissue from 115 rats, 50 zebu cattles and 13 pigs in an attempt to identify a possible animal reservoir of leptospirosis in Madagascar. In addition, serological testing of 105 individuals in close contact with animals was carried out. The PCR analysis was negative for all the samples tested and only one person was found seropositive at a low titer. The findings suggest that leptospirosis, if prevalent in Madagascar, is likely rare.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunity to leptospirosis: renal changes in vaccinated cattle given challenge inoculum.

Resistance to renal leptospirosis was demonstrated in cattle vaccinated with Leptospira interrogans serotype pomona bacterin. Fewer vaccinated cattle given challenge inoculum of virulent serotype pomona leptospires 12 months after vaccination had kidneys with gross focal lesions in the cortex than did nonvaccinated controls. Histopathologic changes characteristically associated with renal leptospirosis occurred less frequently and renal tissue damage was less severe in vaccinated cattle than in nonvaccinated controls. The isolation of serotype pomona from only 1 of 29 vaccinated cattle, compared to 7 isolations from 11 nonvaccinated cattle, at 26 days after challenge inoculum was given, indicated that mild renal infection occurred only infrequently in vaccinated cattle. It appeared that challenge inoculation of vaccinated cattle with virulent serotype pomona leptospires stimulated an accelerated secondary immune response in which immunity limited the multiplication of leptospires in the kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Role of IgM specific indirect immunofluorescence assay in diagnosing an outbreak of leptospirosis.

The study was conducted during a suspected epidemic of leptospirosis in Maharashtra. A total of 13 acute phase blood samples, collected at 5-6 days from the onset of symptoms, and 10 convalescent phase samples, colected at around 20 days from the onset of symptoms were obtained from 13 patients. Sera were separated and the samples were subjected to Microagglutination Test (MAT) and IgM-Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detect antibodies against leptospira. In the acute phase sera, only one sample was positive by MAT while seven were positive by IFA. In the convalescent samples, six were positive by MAT and seven were positive by IFA. IFA is a rapid test and can be used for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.

Acute Disease↗