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Results for “Intradermal Tests”

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PubMed1979

Cell mediated immune (CMI) responsiveness to soluble egg antigen (SEA) and its relation to the occurrence of schistosomal hepatosplenic disease in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni.

The delayed intradermal test and migration inhibition tests were used to assess the delayed hypersensitivity in patients with BHF and simple intestinal bilharziasis using SEA. All bilharzial patients gave a positive intradermal test. The specificity of the intradermal test using SEA is demonstrated clearly by the negative response in all control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of sedation on intradermal skin testing in flea-allergic dogs.

Effects of 4 commonly used sedatives on the wheal-and-flare response to histamine and flea antigen were evaluated in 8 flea-allergic Beagles. Skin testing was performed in 12 separate occasions, 3 to 4 days apart. Twelve intradermal injections were given during each skin test: 5 doubling dilutions of histamine phosphate, 6 doubling dilutions of flea antigen, and a phosphate-buffered saline solution (negative control). Of the 12 intradermal skin tests, 8 were control tests performed on nonsedated dogs. The remaining 4 tests were performed on dogs sedated with xylazine, ketamine and valium combination, acepromazine, or oxymorphone. Oxymorphone had the most profound effect on skin test results, significantly (P less than 0.05) decreasing skin responsiveness in 8 of 11 test sites (by objective evaluation) and in 5 of 11 test sites (by subjective evaluation). Xylazine sedation enhanced skin test results in 4 of 11 test sites (by objective evaluation) and in 1 of 11 test sites (by subjective evaluation). In non instance did xylazine significantly decrease skin responsiveness to histamine or flea antigen. Xylazine is the recommended sedative in dogs when sedation is necessary for intradermal skin testing.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed2006

The role of intradermal skin testing and patch testing in the diagnosis of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis.

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare clinical condition in which patients display hypersensitivity to endogenous progesterone. It manifests as a cyclical cutaneous eruption that flares during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, when progesterone levels peak, and resolves partially or completely a few days after menses. Its cutaneous manifestations are variable and include urticaria, eczematous eruptions, vesiculopustular eruptions, fixed drug eruptions, stomatitis, erythema multiforme, and anaphylaxis. Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis has been diagnosed previously with intradermal skin testing or intramuscular progesterone challenge. Treatment of progesterone hypersensitivity generally consists of ovulation inhibition with pharmaceutical agents or oophorectomy; other therapies (eg, thalidomide) have also been used with success. We report a case of cyclical erythema multiforme (EM) induced by hypersensitivity to endogenous progesterone in a patient with a history of past oral contraceptive use. After herpes simplex virus was ruled out as an etiologic factor, a diagnosis of progesterone hypersensitivity was confirmed with intradermal skin testing. Results of subsequent patch testing with various progesterone derivatives were negative. The EM outbreaks were suppressed temporarily by continuous administration of Loestrin (ethinyl estradiol plus norethindrone), which also increased the responsiveness of the outbreaks to prednisone tapers.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Studies in sarcoidosis: intradermal Mycoplasma test.

Mycoplasma strain 215-M, closely related to Mycoplasma orale type 1, was grown in human macrophage monolayers in vitro. Sonicated homogenates of macrophages diluted in saline solution were used for intradermal skin tests in 19 patients with sarcoidosis and in 25 patients with a variety of other diseases. Positive skin-test reactions to this newly developed Mycoplasma test material were observed significantly more often in the patients with sarcoidosis than in the other patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics in children.

BACKGROUND: Skin tests with soluble beta-lactams can be used to diagnose immediate and delayed hypersensitivity (HS) reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics. Very few studies have been performed with children with suspected beta-lactam allergy. In these studies, immediate HS to beta-lactams was diagnosed by skin tests in 4.9% to 40% of children. The diagnostic and predictive values of immediate responses in skin tests are good, because very few children with negative skin test results have positive oral challenge (OC) test results. Delayed responses in skin tests (intradermal and patch tests) have been reported in adult patients and children suffering with urticaria, angioedema, and maculopapular rashes during treatments with beta-lactam antibiotics. However, the diagnostic and predictive values of late responses are unknown. Semi-late responses in skin tests with beta-lactams have never been studied in adults or children. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of allergy to beta-lactams in children with histories of adverse reactions to these antibiotics, to determine whether allergic children were sensitized to one or several classes of beta-lactams, and to evaluate the frequency and diagnostic value of immediate, accelerated, and delayed responses in skin tests with beta-lactam antibiotics in children. METHODS: We studied 325 children with suspected beta-lactam allergy. Skin tests (prick and intradermal) were performed with soluble forms of the suspected (or very similar) beta-lactams and with one or several beta-lactams from other classes. The reaction was assessed after 20 minutes (immediate), 8 hours (accelerated), and 48 to 72 hours (delayed). OCs with the suspected beta-lactams were performed in patients with negative skin test results, except those with severe serum sickness-like reactions and potentially harmful toxidermias. RESULTS: Skin tests and OCs led to the diagnosis of beta-lactam allergy in 24 (7.4%) and 15 (4.6%) of the children, respectively. Thus, only 12% of the children were diagnosed as allergic to beta-lactams by means of skin tests and OC. HS to beta-lactams was suspected from clinical history in 30 (9.2%) children reporting serum sickness-like reactions and potentially harmful toxidermias. In a few children, we diagnosed food allergy and intolerance to excipients or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. No cause was found in the other children. Based on skin tests and OC, the prevalences of immunoglobulin E-dependent and of semi-late or delayed sensitizations to beta-lactam assessed were similar (6.8% vs 5.2%, respectively). Most immunoglobulin E-dependent sensitizations were diagnosed by means of skin tests (86.4%). In contrast, most semi-late and delayed sensitizations were diagnosed by OC (70.6%). The likelihood of beta-lactam allergy was significantly higher for anaphylaxis (42.9% vs 8.3% in other reactions) and immediate reactions (25% vs 10% in accelerated and delayed reactions). Of the children diagnosed as allergic to beta-lactam by means of skin tests, OC, and clinical history, 11.7% were sensitized to several classes of beta-lactams. The risk was significantly higher in children with anaphylaxis (26. 7% vs 7.5% of the children with other reactions) and in children reporting immediate reactions (33.3% vs 8.5% of the children with accelerated and delayed reactions). Finally, age, sex, personal history of atopy, number of reactions to beta-lactams, and number of reactions to other drugs were not significant risk factors for beta-lactam allergy. CONCLUSION: The skin tests were safe, and the immediate reaction to skin tests successfully diagnosed allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics in children reporting reactions suggestive of immediate HS. In contrast, most accelerated and delayed reactions were diagnosed by OC. Thus, our results suggest that the diagnostic and predictive values of skin tests for nonimmediate HS to beta-lactams in children are low. (ABSTRACT TRU

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in lambs. Mycology and hypersensitivity.

Grass samples from six aftermath pastures, where lambs were found to suffer from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), were examined for fungi. Only various common types of fungi were found, none in any dominating quantity. All six samples contained Fusarium spp, Alternaria spp and Cladosporium spp. In addition, five of the samples contained Torula spp, Helminthosporium spp and Trichothecium spp, while one sample contained Dreschslera spp and Septoria spp. All samples contained nematodes (eggs and larvae), additional unidentified hyphomycetes and smut spores. Antigens for intradermal testing were made from the six fungal species occurring in 5 or 6 samples, and intradermal tests were performed on 5 lambs three to six days after appearance of ARDS. Intradermal testing with the same antigens were also made on six healthy lambs kept indoors throughout summer, and two lambs which had been grazing farm leys. Four of the diseased lambs had a positive reaction to Fusarium spp and Trichothecium spp, and three of them had a positive reaction to Alternaria spp. All others were negative, except for one of the healthy lambs that showed a positive reaction to Fusarium spp after having been fed indoors throughout summer. Dermal toxicity studies made with extracts from Torula spp and Fusarium spp on rabbits, and oral dosing with Fusarium spp to healthy lambs, were negative. The results indicate that involvement of immunological factors cannot be excluded. However, it is pointed out that this hypersensitivity reaction will occur at a time with sudden ruminal histamine production, aggravating the symptoms as well as contributing to kidney damage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of the intradermal allergy test in normal dogs.

In 45 normal dogs, serial dilutions of different allergens were injected intradermally to determine the skin threshold concentrations. For housedust, housedust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and human dandruff extracts these were found to be the same in the dog as in man, while those for animal dandruffs, pollens and fungi were 10 times higher in the dog. The term 'histamine reactive value' (RH) is introduced for the dog. The mean (+/-SD) was found to be 49.0 +/- 2.5 in normal dogs, using histamine diphosphate solutions of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 per cent.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

Delayed hypersensitivity to a corticosteroid suspension containing methylprednisolone. Two cases of conjunctival inflammation after retrobulbar injection.

Two patients with chronic iridocyclitis had a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by severe conjunctival inflammation, after retrobulbar injections with a commercial suspension of methylprednisolone acetate. Although patch test reactions to methylprednisolone at enhanced concentrations were negative, delayed hypersensitivity could be easily demonstrated by intradermal testing with this corticosteroid. Both patients also had concomitant delayed hypersensitivity to a proprietary preservative (myristyl gamma-picolinium chloride) in the commercial corticosteroid suspension, which was confirmed by intradermal testing. These observations (negative patch test reactions, positive intradermal test reactions) suggest that the route of administration may be an important determinant of antigenic hapten-protein complex formation and subsequent delayed hypersensitivity responses involving cutaneous or mucocutaneous tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Serologic and skin test diagnosis of birch pollen allergy with recombinant Bet v 1, the chief allergen of birch].

BACKGROUND: Type I allergy represents a severe health problem in industrialized countries where up to 20% of the population suffers from allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and allergic asthma bronchiale and in severe cases from anaphylaxis, leading to death. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate recombinant Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen for in vivo and in vitro diagnosis of birch pollen allergy. METHODS: A group of 51 birch pollen allergic patients and eight non-allergic control individuals were tested for birch pollen allergy by skin-prick and intradermal testing, comparing commercial birch pollen extracts with recombinant Bet v 1. Quantitative and qualitative serological testing was done with natural and recombinant allergens by radioallergosorbent test (RAST), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Recombinant Bet v 1 allowed accurate in vivo and in vitro diagnosis of tree pollen allergy in 49/51 patients tested. No false positive results were obtained in any in vitro assay system (ELISA, Westernblot) or by skin testing (skin-prick, intradermal test) with recombinant Bet v 1. CONCLUSION: Our results document that recombinant Bet v 1 produced in bacterial expression systems allows accurate in vitro and in vivo diagnosis of birch pollen allergy in > 95% of birch pollen allergic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Intradermal skin testing in Icelandic horses in Austria.

Icelandic horses in Austria are commonly affected by an allergic inflammatory skin disease recurring during the summer seasons, which shares characteristic features with Culicoides hypersensitivity. However, the causative agents have not yet been identified. Therefore, intradermal skin testing (IDST) with a standardised extract of Culicoides variipennis and 21 other allergens relevant within Austria was performed in 81 Icelandic horses. All horses included into the study were treated regularly with ivermectin and had no history of administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. Forty-three of these horses were affected by summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (SSRD). No history or signs of any other disease were evident in any horse. Pruritic dermatitis due to ectoparasites, bacteria and dermatophytes were ruled out by means of fungal culture, skin scraping and biopsy. Culicoides variipennis antigens evoked a positive cutaneous reaction in 1 of 38 normal and 3 of 43 SSRD horses at the proposed dilution of 1:50,000 or 1:25,000, and in 24 of 38 normal and 13 of 43 SSRD horses at a dilution of 1:10,000. Furthermore, no significant differences in onset or intensity of skin reactions to the 21 other allergens, including pollens, moulds, mites and insects, except deerfly and horsefly, were obvious between the 2 groups. Efficiency (percentage of correct results) for the used antigens in the skin test was 0.47-0.60. Maximal sensitivity was 0.51. Altogether, 38 of 43 SSRD horses and 28 of 38 normal horses were positive 4 h after allergen administration. The divergence between IDST results and manifestation of clinical signs found in this study underlines the difficulties associated with establishing a skin test protocol in horses within a geographic area. Whether the outcome of this study would have been influenced significantly by using Culicoides spp. present in Austria has to be clarified in future research.

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

IgE-mediated allergy to spider mite, Panonychus citri in occupationally exposed individuals.

This paper is the first report on allergy caused by a spider mite, Panonychus citri. Some of fruitgrowers cultivating Citrus junos were manifested immediate allergic symptoms by farming, especially by harvest. By examining C. junos trees, we found the trees cultivated by the fruitgrowers were infested with P. citri. Twelve subjects complaining of immediate allergic symptoms were examined by intradermal test and RAST using allergen extracts prepared from P. citri and Dermatophagoides spp. In intradermal test, ten out of twelve showed a positive response to P. citri and twelve positive to D. farinae. Positive RAST to P. citri were obtained in seven of twelve. Six of them also had positive RAST to D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus. In ELISA inhibition using a serum from Case 4, the inhibition with P. citri extract reached to 92% at the highest concentration used but at the same concentration D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus extracts did not inhibit the binding of specific IgE antibodies to allergen of P. citri. In Case 7, the extracts of P. citri, D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus inhibited at the same concentration 94%, 81%, and 87%, respectively. These results lead to the following conclusions: Seven subjects positive to P. citri in intradermal test and RAST are sensitized to P. citri. P. citri has a specific allergenic determinant in addition to a common determinant with Dermatophagoides spp.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A study of the association between delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacterium tuberculosis and atopy in asthmatic children.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an inverse association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and atopy among children living in rural and semi urban areas in El Behira governorate, Egypt. METHODS: All the studied children were BCG vaccinated in their newborn period. In Tuberculin testing, indurations greater than or equal to 5 mm were accepted as positive. For atopy, the most common aeroallergens were used in skin intradermal testing, and reactions > or = 3 mm were accepted as positive. RESULTS: Among 150 studied children whose ages ranged from 4-8 years, 89 patients were purified protein derivative (PPD) negative whereas in 61 patients PPD was positive. Among the PPD negative patients skin intradermal test was positive for atopy in 51.6% (n = 46), while among the PPD positive patients skin intradermal test was positive in 52.4% (n = 32). As the two groups were compared for having positive intradermal skin test reaction, no statistically significant difference was detected between them (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study no statistically significant difference was detected between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as indicated by positive PPD positivity and atopy tested by skin intradermal injection of common aeroallergens.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of adverse reactions to local anesthetics: experience with 236 patients.

BACKGROUND: Adverse reactions to local anesthetics (LAs) are frequently reported. Although most of these reactions are not immune mediated, many patients are referred to allergy clinics and undergo extensive evaluation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of true LA allergy among the patients referred for suspected hypersensitivity and to evaluate the usefulness of the currently used evaluation protocol. METHODS: A total of 236 patients referred to our allergy clinic for investigation of LA hypersensitivity were included in this study. The evaluation protocol was composed of skin prick and intradermal tests, followed by subcutaneous challenge with unrelated LA preparations that contained preservatives. RESULTS: Skin prick and intradermal test results were negative for all subjects. No objective adverse reactions were observed during the challenge in all but 1 patient, who developed local erythema at the site of injection and later underwent an uneventful challenge with a different LA. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic reactions were not reproduced during testing and challenge with LA preparations that contained preservatives or preservatives with adrenaline in our large group of patients with suspected LA allergy. Since both prick and intradermal skin test results were negative in all the patients and did not provide us with useful information, we propose to modify the standard protocol by omitting intradermal tests and shortening the challenge. We also suggest that the whole procedure be performed with LAs that contain preservatives, which are usually the preferred preparations widely used in daily practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hypersensitivity reactions to ophthalmic products.

Adverse reactions after administration of ophthalmic products have frequently been observed. These reactions can be provoked by both active principles and excipients. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been suggested for such reactions, including immunologic ones. Basophils and mast cells participate in IgE-mediated reactions through the release of mediators like histamine and tryptase, whereas a T-cell-mediated pathogenic mechanism is involved in most delayed reactions, particularly conjunctival ones and eyelid dermatitis. Prick tests and immediate-reading intradermal tests are carried out to diagnose immediate hypersensitivity reactions, while patch tests are usually performed to evaluate delayed reactions. Other diagnostic tests, such as serum-specific IgE assays in immediate reactions, as well as delayed-reading intradermal tests and/or lymphocyte transformation tests in delayed ones, are rarely performed. In this review, particular attention is addressed to the clinical and practical aspects of both cell-mediated and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to ophthalmic products.

Administration, Topical↗