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PubMed1990

[Reduction of effects of stimulating SmI and electroacupuncture produced by intraperitoneal injecting atropine in the adjuvant-induced acute arthritic rat].

Using the adjuvant-induced acute arthritic rat as a pain model, we have previously shown that the SmI area is implicated in the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the afferent nociceptive information of parafascicular nuclei (Pf). The purpose of this study was to determine whether acetylcholine (ACh) participates in this modulatory process. Experiments were conducted with adjuvant-induced acute arthritic rats and extracellular recordings from pf were obtained through microelectrodes stereotaxically. The results showed that: (1) After intraperitoneal-injecting atropine (5mg/kg), the effect of stimulating SmI on nociceptive responses of Pf neurons was decreased, while it was not decreased if saline was administered. Compared in the same neurons, the difference of nociceptive responses at 0' to 15' after cessation of stimulating SmI was statistically significant. This finding indicated that ACh was involved in descending modulation of SmI. (2) The effect of acupuncture was decreased after intraperitoneal-injecting atropine (5mg/kg), while it was not decreased if saline was administered. The difference of nociceptive response was statistically significant at 0' to 10' and 20' to 40' after cessation of EA in comparison between the background of atropine and saline. It indicated that ACh was involved in acupuncture analgesia. These results suggest that ACh may be participated in acupuncture analgesia as a neurotransmitter of the corticofugal modulation of pain.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1983

Recovery kinetics of epidermal cell proliferation after two intraperitoneal injections of epidermal extracts (chalone).

The cell kinetic effect of two intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 5 mg of crude lyophilized skin extracts given 12 h apart was assessed during the recovery period (5 to 52 h after last injection) by measuring epidermal labelling indices and the specific activity after tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) injection, and by determining the cell cycle phase distribution by flow cytometry. The skin extracts produced an epidermal chalone effect and inhibited both DNA synthesis and mitosis. A slow recovery took place from 5 to between 22 and 36 h after the last chalone injection. During this period the cell flux into DNA-synthesis and mitosis slowly recovered, but the exits were blocked and cells accumulated in the respective phases. The fluxes out opened up at the S phase about 22 h, and at the M phase about 30 h after the second chalone injection. A secondary inhibitory effect was observed at about 40 h, followed by a subsequent recovery to normal at 52 h. The similarity between the recovery kinetics after chalone and that observed after hydroxyurea (HU) is emphasised.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative estimate of unlabelled cordycepin in acid-soluble pool isolated from rat brain tissue after intraperitoneal injection of the inhibitor.

A technique for the quantitative estimation of intraperitoneally injected unlabelled cordycepin in an acid-soluble pool (ASP) isolated from rat brain tissue is suggested. It consists in consecutive chromatography of ASP on Dowex 1 X 8, Dihydroxyboryl = SP500 and Sephasorb-HP. The fraction containing 2'-deoxyriboadenosine and 3'-deoxyriboadenosine (cordycepin) has been isolated from brain tissue ASP of experimental animals after a cordycepin injection. 2'-Deoxyriboadenosine fraction has been isolated from tissue ASP of the control animals not subjected to an inhibitor injection. Brain tissue antibiotic content has been estimated by the difference in nucleoside quantity values (microM) in these two fractions (control/experiment).

Animals↗
PubMed1957

Changes in droplet fractions from rat kidney cells after intraperitoneal injection of egg white.

1. Kidney homogenates from rats injected with egg white and from control rats were fractionated simultaneously into six fractions and the content of acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase in corresponding fractions from treated and untreated animals was compared. These observations were correlated with the amount of dark brown bottom sediments in fractions NDrI, DrII, and DrIII, and with the number of droplets in fraction NDrI. 2. It was found that after injection of egg white the amount of small droplets decreased as indicated by the decrease of the dark brown bottom layer in the sediment of fraction DrIII and by the concomitant decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the same fraction, and that the number of large droplets increased as indicated by the increase of brown sediment in fraction NDrI and the increase in the number of droplets counted in a bacterial counting chamber in the same fraction. It was concluded that the treatment with egg white induced the transformation of small droplets into large droplets. 3. The decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the fractions containing the small droplets was accompanied by a marked increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. The enzyme content of fraction NDrI was not increased after treatment, although it contained greatly increased numbers of large droplets. Counting of the droplets in this fraction showed decreased enzymatic activity of the average large droplet after treatment with egg white. It was suggested that during the transformation of small into large droplets, a portion of the hydrolytic enzymes was released into the surrounding cytoplasm, and that this was partly responsible for the increased enzyme content of the supernatant fluid after fractionation of the kidney homogenate. In contrast to the four other hydrolytic enzymes, beta-glucuronidase was not increased in the supernatant fluid. 4. Eighteen hours after intraperitoneal injection of egg white, the specific enzymatic activities of kidney homogenates showed a 25 to 35 per cent increase for cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease, no change for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and approximately a 7 per cent decrease for cytochrome oxidase. The increase of cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease in the total homogenate was interpreted as an indication of the formation of new enzymes, and it was suggested that this partly accounted for the increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. 5. The activation of the enzymes by osmotic effects was investigated in vitro by incubation of droplet fractions in the presence of different concentrations of sucrose.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

[Effects of intraperitoneal injection of low-dose CDDP on 3 patients with ascites owing to peritonitis carcinomatosa of gastric and colorectal carcinoma].

Three patients received intraperitoneal chemotherapy of low-dose CDDP for carcinomatous ascites due to gastric and colorectal carcinoma. Intraperitoneal injection of CDDP (30-50 mg) was given and the patients underwent systemic chemotherapy. As a result, the QOL of all patients was improved. Adverse effects of Grade 1 were observed in 1 case (nausea). This intraperitoneal chemotherapy seems to be safe and effective for ascites due to peritonitis carcinomatosa.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Fos expression in the rat brain after intraperitoneal injection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B and the effect of vagotomy.

The current study was designed to locate the neuronal activation in rat brain following intraperitoneal injection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) and observe the consequence of preliminary subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on SEB-induced brain Fos expression to clarify the role of the vagus nerve in sensation and transmission of abdominal SEB stimulation. The results showed that intraperitoneal SEB (1 mg/kg) induced a robust Fos expression in widespread brain areas. A significant increase of Fos immunoreactive cells were observed in the solitary tract nucleus, locus ceruleus, lateral parabrachial nucleus, ventrolateral part of central gray, medial amygdaloid nucleus, central amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part of thalamus, dorsomedial part of thalamus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, lateral habenula, and lateral septum nucleus following SEB challenge. In hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, in addition to the dense Fos expression in the parvocellular portion, some Fos-positive cells were also observed in the anterior magnocellular nucleus of the complex. Double immunofluorescence studies showed that these Fos-immunoreactive cells were mostly oxytocinergic. The results also showed that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy largely attenuated, but not totally abrogated, the brain Fos expression induced by abdominal administration of SEB. Our data suggest that peripheral SEB stimulation can induce activation of neurons in widespread brain areas and that the vagus plays a crucial role in transmitting the signal of abdominal immune stimulation to the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A case of stage IV gastric cancer responding to combined chemotherapy by intravenous, intraarterial and intraperitoneal injection].

We treated a case of unresectable gastric cancer in which peritoneal lavage cytology and the primary tumor responded to combined chemotherapy by intravenous, intraarterial and intraperitoneal injection. The patient was a 61-year-old male with loss of appetite. He underwent laparotomy for gastric cancer in November, 1997. An intraperitoneal catheter was set without gastrectomy because of the unresectability due to extensive peritoneal dissemination and local invasion to pancreas. The patient was given combined chemotherapy using 5-FU 6,000 mg i.v., CDDP 360 mg i.p. and 5-FU 10,500 mg ia by the catheters in the supra vena cava, right gastroepiploic artery and peritoneal cavity. One month after laparotomy, peritoneal lavage cytology had changed to class I from class V, and the primary tumor had been reduced to 10 mm in size from a diffusely infiltrating tumor. His quality of life in appetite and activity was improved for 13 months.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2003

Comparison between the effects of intraperitoneal injection of LDL and intravenous injection of LDL on arterial endothelial cells apoptosis.

To observe the effect of oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) on arterial endothelial cells apoptosis in vivo, we established a model in which Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal and intravenous injection of unmodified LDL (8 mg/kg every day) via the tail vein. Seven days after the injection, the aortic endothelial cells specimens were prepared by an en face preparation of rat aorta. The apoptotic cells were identified and counted by in situ nick and labelling (TUNEL) method and light microscopy. The numbers of the apoptotic cells were 12.52 +/- 4.71/field in the intraperitoneal injection control group, 11.41 +/- 2.94/field in the intravenous injection control group, 22.98 +/- 8.01/field in the intraperitoneal injection LDL group and 103.8 +/- 11.5/field in the intravenous injection LDL group, respectively. The difference was significant between injection LDL group and control (P < 0.01), and the difference was also significant between two LDL injection groups (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that injection of LDL can induce apoptosis in arterial endothelial cells and the effect is especially significant with intravenous injection LDL. After injection, oxidative modification of LDL may occur in local arteries and causes injury to the endothelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relative hepatotoxicity of some industrial solvents after intraperitoneal injection or inhalation exposure in rats.

Intraperitoneal LD50 (lethal dose 50% kill) values and minimal liver toxic doses in female Sprague-Dawley rats were determined for the following industrial solvents: toluene, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and dioxane. For the following solvents LC50 values and minimal liver toxic air concentrations were also determined: xylene, styrene, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, and dimethylformamide (DMF). The serum activity of the enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was used as an indicator of liver damage. Carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and DMF were hepatotoxic in low doses compared to LD50 values (TD50 (toxic dose 50%) values approximately 30, 90, and 50 mg/kg). Chloroform and DMF were hepatotoxic in comparatively low concentrations after a 4-hr inhalation exposure (TC50 (toxic concentration 50%) values approximately 590 and 740 mg/m3). Even relatively high doses of the other solvents did not raise the SDH activity. Significant direct (metabolite-mediated) hepatotoxicity seems to be an uncommon feature among commonly used industrial solvents.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage in the micronucleus test with mitomycin C in mice.

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and oral (p.o.) gavage were evaluated in the mouse micronucleus test with mitomycin C (MMC). The tests were carried out in 2 laboratories with the MS/Ae and CD-1 mouse strains. On the basis of a small-scale acute toxicity study and a pilot experiment, the full-scale micronucleus test was performed with a 24-h sampling time at doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg for both treatment routes. In both strains, a clear positive dose-response relation was shown by both routes. Although the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) was higher with i.p. on a mg/kg basis, this tendency was reversed when dose was expressed as a percentage of the LD50.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1971

Passive protection of mice against intraperitoneally injected Vibrio cholerae by G and M antibody.

Fractions of rabbit anti-Vibrio cholerae serum containing gammaG antibodies were compared with fractions containing gammaM antibodies for their ability to protect mice against lethal infection resulting from the intraperitoneal injection of organisms suspended in mucin. About twice as much gammaG as gammaM (estimated by quantitative precipitation) was required to protect against approximately 1,000 50% lethal doses when the antibody was given intraperitoneally 4 hr before challenge. When protective serum fractions were given subcutaneously, however, the amount of gammaM required to protect was increased about 40-fold, whereas gammaG was about equally effective subcutaneously and intraperitoneally.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pancreatic tumors induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of azaserine in partial pancreatectomized rats.

Pancreatic tumorigenesis of azaserine by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection after partial pancreatectomy in male Wistar rats was studied. Pancreatic lesions developed in all rats 52 weeks after the administration of azaserine at doses of 50 mg (Group 1) or 100 mg/kg body wt (Group 2). Histologically, there were hyperplastic nodules in 4 of 12 rats and 4 of 7 rats, in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, adenomas 100% in both groups, and adenocarcinomas 2 of 7 rats of Group 2. It appears that pancreatic regeneration induced by partial pancreatectomy enhances the azaserine tumorigenesis.

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1994

Patent gut infections in immunosuppressed adult C57BL/6N mice following intraperitoneal injection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.

Two experiments were conducted to determine if intraperitoneal (i.p.) and/or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts could produce patent gut infections in dexamethasone (DEX) or dexamethasone phosphate (DEXp)-immunosuppressed adult female C57BL/6N mice. The results from experiment 1 were suggestive but did not unequivocally demonstrate that i.p. injection of oocysts could produce patent gut infections in these mice. In experiment 2, all mice were individually caged, immunosuppressed with DEXp (groups 1 and 2) or DEX (groups 3 and 4), and administered C. parvum oocysts either by orogastric intubation (groups 1 and 3), i.p. (group 2), or s.c. (group 4). All but 1 mouse in groups 1 and 3 began shedding oocysts in their feces on day 3 post-infection (PI). Mice in these 2 groups continued to shed oocysts until they were killed on day 17 PI. Mice administered oocysts s.c. did not shed oocysts. In group 2, 1 mouse died, 1 failed to shed oocysts, and 1 began shedding oocysts on day 3 PI. The remaining 5 mice started shedding oocysts on either days 8, 10, or 14 PI and continued to shed oocysts until they were killed. We conclude that immunosuppressed adult C57BL/6N mice administered oocysts i.p. can develop patent gut infections with C. parvum.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Tissue response to intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections of ketamine and xylazine in rats.

Ketamine-xylazine is a widely accepted anesthetic combination for laboratory animals. Although frequently recommended for administration by intramuscular (IM) or intraperitoneal (IP) routes, the potential for tissue damage following either route of administration in the rat has not been investigated. This study evaluated tissue damage after IM use at two doses in Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue reactions following IP injections of ketamine-xylazine were compared to lesions produced by IM injections in animals euthanatized on 1, 3 and 14 days post-injection. Results showed muscle necrosis present in nearly all ketamine-xylazine injected limbs. Intraperitoneal injections produced no significant lesions in the peritoneal cavity when careful IP injection techniques were used. Ketamine-xylazine should not be administered by the IM route for survival procedures in these two widely used strains of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Intraperitoneal injection of oxygenated perfluorochemical improves the outcome of intraportal islet transplantation in a rat model.

A 50% to 75% early graft loss upon engraftment has been suggested to in intraportal islet transplantation (IPIT). Hypoxia in the portal vein contributes to graft loss in immediately posttransplantation. Herein we examined the effect on the outcome of IPIT of intraperitoneal oxygenated perfluorochemical (PFC) as an oxygen carrier. Isolated Lewis rat islets were transplanted into the portal vein of a chemically induced diabetic syngeneic rat. First, 1500 IEQ was determined to be the optimal dose in this study. When oxygenated PFC (group 1) was intraperitoneally injected following IPIT of 1500 IEQ, the success rate of transplantation was 5/6, in contrast to 1/6 when PFC with no oxygen was injected (group 2) and 1/6 in IPIT without PFC, respectively. The area under the glucose profile curve on intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests on posttransplant day 28 in group 1 was significantly smaller than that for group 2. In conclusion, intraperitoneal oxygenated PFC improved the outcome of IPIT.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ruthenium red intraperitoneally injected to adult rats, on the uptake and release of neurotransmitters from brain synaptosomes.

Effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ruthenium red (RuR) to adults rats on catecholamine (CA) uptake and dopamine (DA) release was evaluated in brain synaptosomal fractions. No effect on CA uptake by synaptosomal fractions was seen when RuR was added in vitro. There was no effect of RuR injection i.p. to rats, on CA uptake by their brain synaptosomal fractions. A blocking effect on depolarizing induced released of DA from brain synaptosomal fraction obtained from rats previously injected i.p. with RuR was seen. A similar effect was observed on the basal DA efflux from synaptosomes loaded with (14C)DA obtained from rats i.p. injected with RuR. It is concluded that RuR, a non-liposoluble substance, when injected i.p. reaches the brain parenchyma through areas devoid of blood-brain barrier and interferes with Ca(++)-dependent release of neurotransmitters, inducing cerebral hyperexcitability and convulsions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Distribution, retention, and phototoxicity of hematoporphyrin derivative in a rat glioma. Intraneoplastic versus intraperitoneal injection.

The distribution, retention, and phototoxicity of the sensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) were studied following intraperitoneal and direct intraneoplastic injections of the agent into subcutaneous or intracerebral gliosarcomas in rats. Forty-eight hours after intraperitoneal injection, the ratio of tritiated (3H) HPD in subcutaneous tumor: adjacent normal skin was about 1.4:1 and the ratio in tumor: normal brain was 3:1. In contrast, direct injection of 3H-HPD into subcutaneous tumors resulted in tumor: adjacent normal skin concentration ratios of approximately 44:1 and tumor: normal brain ratios of about 61:1. For rats bearing intracerebral gliosarcomas, intraperitoneal administration of 3H-HPD resulted in approximately 1.3-fold sensitization in tumor tissue relative to adjacent edematous brain. In contrast, after direct injection into intracerebral tumors, the tumor: adjacent edematous brain and tumor: skin 3H-HPD ratios were 3:1 and 32:1, respectively. In all cases, 3H-HPD was found in every portion of the tumor, even at a distance from the injection site. For the 3H-HPD doses used in this study, after direct injection both subcutaneous and intracerebral tumor tissue contained about three to four times more 3H-HPD than tumors in rats receiving intraperitoneal 3H-HPD. Both in vitro and in vivo clonogenic assays demonstrated that the photodynamic inactivation of the tumors was significantly greater after direct injection than after intraperitoneal injection.

Animals↗