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PubMed1979

[High contrast doses for peripheral and cerebral angiography (author's transl)].

Angiography, using a standard method, was carried out on 100 patients with arterial occlusive disease involving the cerebral and/or peripheral vessels. It was shown that contrast medium with a high iodine content could be used in the relatively high dose of 80 ml. with an injection rate of 30 ml/sec. in the cerebral circulation without producing any complications. For pelvic and lower limb arteriography, 80 ml. contrast was injected at a rate of 12 to 18 ml/sec. This was well tolerated, but produced "vascular pain" like all commercially available contrast media. Total contrast amounts reached 300 ml. and 4.8 ml/kg. body weight and were tolerated without any clinical evidence of toxicity. Mild side effects were observed in seven patients, unrelated to the amount of contrast or the type of contrast or the region investigated. These changes resolved rapidly without treatment. As a rule the vessels demonstrated angiographically showed good contrast and were easily seen.

Angiography↗
PubMed2000

[Segmental anatomy of the liver in computed tomography: do we localize the lesion accurately?].

PURPOSE: To evaluate if Couinaud's model using the planes of the major veins is an adequate tool for the presurgical localization of focal liver lesions. METHODS: Biphasic helical CT scans were performed on patients evaluated for liver resection using an increased IV bolus of contrast medium (180 ml lopamidol) and 2 mm image reconstruction increments. During the first evaluation, all liver lesions were localized in the conventional way using the planes of the 3 major hepatic veins and the portal trunks as segmental boundaries. In a second review, all lesions were attributed to the nearest peripheral portal branches. The path and the segmental attribution of the portal branches were analysed. Evaluations were performed using an interactive cine mode as well as three-dimensional reconstructions. RESULTS: 20 of 126 (16%) liver lesions had a different segmental location if the individual anatomy of the peripheral portal branch was used instead of the conventional technique. These different locations were due to the path of the portal trunks or the path of the peripheral portal branches crossing the planes of the major hepatic veins. CONCLUSION: The segmental anatomy of the liver using the planes of hepatic veins and portal trunks according to Couinaud is not an accurate tool for the presurgical localization of liver lesions in many cases.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2001

[Comparison of iodinated and barium-containing contrast media of different viscosity in the detection of pharyngeal perforation].

PURPOSE: In contrast to esophageal perforations, the more radiopaque barium-suspensions are not as important as iodinated aqueous contrast agents for the detection of pharyngeal perforations. This study was performed to find out whether the highly different viscosities (of iodinated and barium-containing contrast agents with comparable radiopacities) are a reason for this. METHODS: Viscosity, subjective difference in contrast, and CT-density of an iodinated aqueous (Telebrix) and a 50 wt/vol% barium-containing contrast agent (Micropaque) were determined. Moreover, to exclude postoperative perforation, 104 patients were prospectively examined by pharyngography using both contrast media. Pharyngographies of patients with perforation were later compared by two independent readers. All patients with perforation were followed up clinically to exclude complications due to barium administration. RESULTS: In-vitro comparison showed comparable radiopacity but the 50 wt/vol% barium-suspension was much more viscous than the iodinated contrast agent. During pharyngography, totally, 14 perforations were clearly delineated with the iodinated aqueous contrast agent. However, two of them were not detected with the barium-suspension. All the other perforations presented equally. CONCLUSIONS: Given a sufficient radiopacity, a low viscosity appears to be essential for a contrast agent to detect especially pharyngeal perforations. Thus, we recommend the sole use of an iodinated contrast agent (at suspicion of aspiration as isoosmolar variant) for this purpose.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Contrast sonography of the urinary tract in children].

In 14 healthy children contrast sonography of the bladder was performed with various solutions prior to voiding cystourethrography. The solutions were introduced into the bladder via a bladder catheter. The contrast effects which occurred with iothalamate injections in the urine-filled bladder, with urine injections in the iothalamate-filled bladder, with injections of 0.9% saline solution, and with air injections into the iothalamate-filled bladder were sonographically demonstrated. In echogenicity and duration the intravesical air contrast was superior to all mixture contrasts in the bladder resulting from injections of the respective fluids.

Air↗
PubMed1992

[Intestinal contrasting in abdominal computed tomography].

In 56 patients undergoing abdominal CT the gastrointestinal tract was defined by negative contrast instead of the conventional positive contrast from an iodine containing contrast medium. The contrast material was a 2 1/2% mannitol solution and was used for filling the rectum. Filling of the gastrointestinal tract was of similar quality to that obtained with positive contrast media. The number of artifacts due to high contrast boundaries was slightly greater with the negative contrast than it would have been with positive contrast. Differentiation of the gastrointestinal tract from other abdominal organs was equally good for both methods. The negative contrast method was poor in diagnosing cystic tumours but proved much better than positive contrast for evaluating the wall of the gastrointestinal tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The marking of the gastrointestinal tract in computed tomography: experiences with a barium sulfate contrast medium (Micropaque CT)].

Micropaque CT, a new suspension of barium sulphate, has recently become available for clinical use in abdominal CT. The attenuation of the 1.5 per cent solution, measured in vitro, was 222 HU (without artifacts). In about 45 per cent of the clinical examinations artifacts occurred which, however, were not disturbing. Sufficient opacification of stomach and bowel was achieved in 65 per cent. 55 per cent of patients found the suspension pleasant to take, ten per cent complained of mild diarrhoea. Micropaque CT is particularly suitable for upper abdominal CT in outpatients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Periportal-peripancreatic tuberculous adenitis. US and CT findings.

We present ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) findings in 7 patients with periportal and peripancreatic tuberculous adenitis. In US scans, hypoechoic adenopathies were found in 6 patients while in the other one a hypoechoic, poorly marginated mass was seen. CT studies showed hypodense (25-35 HU) enlarged lymph nodes with immediate postcontrast peripheral rim enhancement in 3 patients. An infiltrating inhomogeneous mass was present in other patient and soft tissue density lobulated masses were found in delayed postcontrast scans of 2 patients. The US findings are of no help in distinguishing tuberculosis from other causes of adenitis. The CT appearance has been variable and only the hypodense nodes with peripheral enhancement in postcontrast scans are suggestive of this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The value of CT in carcinoma of the lung apex].

The CT findings in 34 patients with histologically confirmed tumours at a lung apex are described. CT, compared with conventional methods, provides more comprehensive information regarding the localisation and extent of the tumour and of local metastases. On the basis of CT examinations, 28 patients were treated by radiotherapy and in six patients surgery could be carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa in CT].

The pterygopalatine fossa represents a central space in the depth of the facial skull. Acting as a mediator between neighbouring compartments it is traversed by numerous neurovascular structures. High resolution CT is possible not only to depict all those canals and openings but also the soft tissue contents of the fossa itself can be visualised by CT. This paper presents the radioanatomic prerequisites for assessment of the pterygopalatine fossa that may be affected by a variety of pathologic conditions.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1986

[Premedication with H1- and H2-receptor antagonists for intravenous urography using contrast media].

Intravenous urography using Telebrix was performed on 500 patients. Two hundred patients (group I) received no pre-medication; 300 patients (group II) were premedicated with H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. All patients were examined for signs of contrast reactions, blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma histamine levels. These were measured before and three minutes after the administration of the antihistamine substances and/or the contrast medium, and also at the end of the examination. Following the administration of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists, a slight, transient and insignificant rise in plasma histamine could be demonstrated. Both groups showed a significant rise in plasma histamine levels after the injection of the contrast medium. Although the pre-medicated group contained a higher percentage of high risk patients, there were significantly fewer patients with contrast reactions. Pre-medication with H1 and H2 receptor antagonists in high risk patients is therefore advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Videodensitometric determination of relative blood regurgitation volume in aortic valve insufficiency].

A simple video densitometric method based on the indicator distribution principle in the region of interest permits the determination of the relative amount of regurgitation between the ascending aorta and the left ventricle in cases of aortic valve insufficiency. The experimental basis and early clinical measurements are described and are compared with the more conventional methods of cine angiography and radionuclide ventriculography.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Functional heterogeneity of liver metastases in 3-phase computerized tomograms].

Ninety patients with liver metastases (68 colorectal carcinomas, 22 breast carcinomas) were examined by triphasic angio-CT. This included demonstration of the entire liver after a bolus-like injection of contrast. Originally, the metastases were hypodense, but showed four patterns of contrast enhancement. Quantitative evaluation of the mammary carcinomas showed a marked increase in density during the bolus phase, with similar contrast values in the liver and at the centre and edge of the metastasis at ten minutes after the injection. Colorectal carcinomas showed only slight increase in density after contrast injection. The difference in density between the centre and the periphery of the metastasis was still present on later images. This finding indicates that there are differences in the vascularisation of these metastases.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental and clinical determination of renal size after intravenous and intra-arterial administration of ionic and non-ionic contrast media].

A quantitative comparison of changes in renal size after the intravenous injection of contrast media showed no difference between ionic and non-ionic contrast medium. Contrast media of similar osmolarity (Metrizamide and Ioxaglate with 470 and 490 mosn/kg H2O) did show significant variations. Evidently properties of the contrast medium, other that their osmotic behaviour, are of significance (chemical structure, viscosity, iodine content, specific toxicity, and the effect on the permeability of biological membranes, calcium-binding activity, effect on coagulation). Changes in renal size could be reproduced by repeating the contrast injection at 24 to 48 hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Computed tomography of the heart. Technic for quantitative evaluation of the perfusion of the ischemic myocardial region. Experimental basis].

A CT standard procedure has been developed in six series of experiments, using 62 anaesthetised dogs in order to quantitative relative blood flow through ischaemic heart muscle. Measurements of cardiac dynamics by means of contrast media were less strictly controlled. The use of the standardised procedures with contrast injections is necessary because of the variable perfusion and washout intervals of the contrast in normal and ischaemic myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[High-resolution coronal computed tomography in endocrine-active pituitary microadenomas with special reference to their contrast medium dynamics].

Coronal dynamic high-resolution CT (DHRCT) proved a highly accurate and sensitive diagnostic tool for detecting microadenomas as small as two millimetres in 179 patients having clinically and endocrinologically proven pituitary adenomas. Their different patterns of contrast enhancement were analysed versus time. It is important to stress that the diagnosis of a pituitary microadenoma must be strictly correlated with clinical, endocrinological and histo-immunocytochemical findings and cannot be made exclusively on the basis of CT-morphological criteria.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

[Contrast medium concentration for intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of vessels in the extremities].

The influence of iodine concentrations and different volumes of a conventional ionic contrast media and a contrast media with low osmolarity on the quality of the results of intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography of the lower extremities in patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 52) are reported. According to our results, intra-arterial injections of a conventional ionic contrast medium diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride solution, resulting in an iodine concentration of 190 mg/ml injectable solution, reveals the best results when injected in an amount of 6 ml per injection. The use of low-osmolarity contrast-medium showed no advantages, the quality of the resulting pictures was inferior to that revealed with the ionic compound. Probably this is because the iodine concentration in the diluted low-osmolarity compound was less.

Adult↗