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PubMed1985

[The quantity of associated acrocentric chromosomes in human lymphocytes passing through 1st, 2d and 3d mitoses in culture].

The reproductive ability of lymphocytes of peripheral blood with the usage of 5-bromine-deoxyuridine has been studied in 8 healthy children at the age of 5-6 years. Single second mitoses occurred in 48 hour cultures (6.5%), in 72 hour cultures the frequency of the first, second and third mitoses was equal, in 96 hour cultures the third mitoses dominated. Consequent divisions of lymphocytes were accompanied by a decrease in associative acrocentric chromosome, in average by 25%, within one mitotic cycle, while in mitoses of a given ordinal number the frequency of associations did not depend on the duration of cultivation. The fixation of the culture at the 48th hour of cultivation makes it possible to take into account the frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes without calculation of the ordinal number of mitosis because of an significant amount of second mitoses at this time, and of a sufficient value of the mitotic index (4.6 +/- 0.5%) necessary for cytogenetic analysis.

Cell Division↗
PubMed2001

Cryopreservation of human cumulus cells for co-cultures and assessment of DNA damage after thawing using the comet assay.

PURPOSE: Cumulus cells have been shown to be beneficial for blastocysts formation in co-cultures but information on cumulus cryopreservation is lacking. The objective was to use the fixed cell comet assay to analyze for DNA damage in cumulus cells after cryopreservation. METHODS: Discarded cumulus cells from follicular aspirates obtained during assisted reproduction procedures (N = 4 cases) were pooled and cryopreserved in either 40% ethylene glycol and 0.5 M sucrose, 12:20% glycerol-egg yolk medium, 28% glycerol hypoosmolar medium or control medium. The cells were processed and stored in liquid nitrogen for 48 h. The thawed cells were smeared on glass slides, fixed, stained with acridine orange, embedded in a mini-agarose layer, and electrophoresis carried out. Fluorescent images were analyzed. RESULTS: The cumulus tail moment, a calculated index of DNA damage, was significantly lower for each of the three cryoprotectant when compared with the control. The two cryoprotectants containing glycerol were associated with higher cumulus cell viability. However, the glycerol-egg yolk combination yielded the highest cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulus comet assay demonstrated similar DNA integrity in cells frozen in each of the three cryoprotectants. The glycerol-egg yolk medium had the highest cell viability with little or no DNA damage after freeze-thaw. More studies are needed to examine the long-term effect of the cryoprotectants on thawed cumulus cell viability.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1990

Global and specific disease-related information needs of cystic fibrosis patients and their families.

A cross-sectional survey of 60 families with a child with cystic fibrosis was undertaken to assess how much family members wanted to be told about the illness, to determine specific information needs concerning selected medical and psychosocial topics, and to determine whether this information had been provided in the past. Self-administered index measures were designed for this purpose. Most family members wanted complete and comprehensive information about cystic fibrosis. A minority of family members claimed they had not received basic medical information. Fathers and siblings wanted more medical information than mothers and patients. The majority of parents and patients wanted a great deal more information on the possible effects of cystic fibrosis on the patient's career, social life, marriage, and reproductive capacity. In general, family members had been given more medical than psychosocial information. Index measures were independent of the effects of patients' age, Shwachman score, and period since diagnosis. Social class was significantly associated with fathers' index measures of their specific information needs and information not given previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Coagulation system in patients with blood malignancies treated with estrogens in the course of cytostatic therapy].

AIM: To evaluate the effect of estrogen gestagenic drugs (EGD) on blood coagulation in patients with blood malignancies treated by polychemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 females of reproductive age treated with ovarioprotector marvelon during cytostatic therapy. The following indices were determined: activated partial thrombin time, prothrombin index of the ethanol test, fibrinogen and antithrombin III levels, factor XIIa dependent time of fibrinolysis, thrombin time. Dopplerography of the lower limb vessels was carried out. RESULTS: No significant alterations in coagulograms of the patients treated with cytostatics in combination with EGD were recorded. CONCLUSION: It is safe to use EGD as ovarioprotectors in females with hematological malignancies in hypercoagulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Dynamics of populations with changing rates: generalization of the stable population theory.

A general and complete exposition of the dynamics of populations with changing vital rates is given in the discrete time formulation. Results obtained are stronger than Lopez's or Hajnal's. In addition to the proof of existence of limits, an explicit expression for the age distribution is obtained by considering forward products of population projection matrices, while an explicit expression for the generalized reproductive values is obtained by considering backward products. The forward and backward characteristic equations respectively determine the forward and backward growth rates. The relative age distribution is compared to the alternative expression of Y.J. Kim (1986, Demography 23 (3), 451-461), which is the discrete version of S.H. Preston and A.J. Coale (1982, Pop. Index 48 (2), 217-259).

Aging↗
PubMed2001

[Correlation of 2 formulae to estimate insulin resistance].

UNLABELLED: Insulin resistance (IR) is a central metabolic alteration with impact in human reproduction giving rise to hyperandrogenism, infertility, acanthosis, perimenopausal autoimmunity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemias. Hence the estimation of insulin resistance is of clinical importance and we seeked to evaluate the correlation between two formulas (formula 1: glucose/insulin; formula 2: glucose x insulin/22.5) for its assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Glucose and insulin was measured to 66 females (age 18-66 years) in whom IR was suspected. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 23.9 +/- SD 10.9 year. IR was detected through the formulas used in 74%; the correlation coefficient (Pearson) was inversely proportional with both formulas (r = -460; p < 0.02). More than 50% of patients with IR had family background of IR, 81% were obese and 74% had a waist-hip index > 0.85 (central obesity or android), 52% hypercholesterolemia, 56% hypertriglyceridemia, 71% inverse relation of HDL/LDL, 45% had infertility, 71% hyperandrogenism, 65% polycystic ovaries and 4% presented diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Through the use of two arithmetical formulas we determined the presence of IR in 73% of patients studied albeit with proclivity to IR; the correlation between the two formulas was significant. A high association of obesity, infertility, hyperandorogenism and dyslipidemias with IR was also observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic-epidemiologic study of reproductive outcomes in the Ozersk population, located in "Maiak" control area].

In the population of Ozyorsk town situated in the control area of the nuclear enterprise (Production Association "Mayak") the number of pregnancies and its outcomes was studied in cohort of 2.258 women of completed fertility. The mean number of pregnancies per woman is 5.6 +/- 0.07. The mean size of family is 1.9 +/- 0.02. It was estimated that 2.7% of women had no pregnancies, 4.0% of women had no delivery till the end of their reproductive performance. 4.65% of women contributed nothing to the genofond of the next generation, i.e., they had not any children lived till their reproductive performance (20 years). The Crow Index of Opportunity for Selection and its components connected with differential fertility and differential mortality were estimated. In the population under study tow components of selection--selection at the prenatal stages (72.6%) and selection associated with infertility--are shown to be significant.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1988

[Mitotic activity of alveolar macrophages in nonspecific diffuse lung pathology].

Endopulmonary cytograms and mitotic activity of alveolar macrophages (AM) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 30 patients with diffuse lung pathology have been studied. AM mitosis was found in 24 cases. Mitotic index for all the patients was 0.65% and ranged from 0.25 to 2.75%. Electron microscopy revealed the capacity of differentiated forms of AM for mitotic division. Free AM may be regarded as slowly proliferating cell population, capable of self-reproduction in lung pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Health for all: analyzing health status and determinants.

An analysis of health status and determinants is presented as a basis for health for all renewal and in order to provide a model linking the health for all vision with strategy and action. Equity and gender, at the core of health for all, directly concern health status and the distribution of health determinants. The role of the various transitions (demographic, epidemiological, health risk and technological) is described, the need to strengthen the link between data and decision-making for health is explained, and the range of health determinants--macroeconomic, demographic/nutritional, environmental, tobacco and alcohol and their implications for policy--is outlined.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed2006

Molluscs production associated to lunar-tide cycle: a case study in Paraíba State under ethnoecology viewpoint.

Molluscs have been for a long time a very important food resource for humans. Therefore, oysters, clams, and mussels are highly required at seafood markets. Like any commercial food, it is necessary that molluscs present good quality standards, concerning some criteria such as amount of meat and appearance. In bivalves, condition index or fattening index is considered a satisfactory method for estimating the amount of meat related to the shell cavity. Molluscs gatherers of Paraíba State coast, northeastern Brazil, state that molluscan meat production increases during spring tide (designated by them as maré de lançamento) in opposition to the meat decrease which happens during neap tide (maré de quebramento) (they are designated technically in Portuguese as maré de sizígia and maré de quadratura, respectively). We performed a survey on the production of unha-de-velho or 'oldman'snail' (Tagelus plebeius) caught by molluscs gatherers in the estuary of River Paraíba do Norte, by observing locally their work, applying questionnaires, searching for a possible scientific relation of that molluscs condition to the gatherers empirical statement. Thus, we estimated the molluscs condition index through the method of solids percentage determination. We studied their work and the molluscs condition index during a full lunar-tide cycle. Determinations were carried out between 2nd September and 20th October, 1998, through 20 catches performed to obtain condition index from 400 bivalves. We observed that several biotic and abiotic ecological factors, namely reproduction cycle, biochemical components variations, animal size, and even parasitism, may affect the animal condition index. Despite this aspect, our present results confirmed a high overlapping (80%) of the condition index curve with lunar-tide cycle, in agreement with the gatherers statement. Although we recognize the need for formulating and testing other hypotheses, we consider a priori that the gatherers empirical assertion a unha tá gorda de acordocom a maré ('the "oldman's nail" is fat according to the tide', roughly translating) is justified by the observations here performed when the condition index increased during spring tide and decreased during neap tide.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The influence of smoking and other cofactors on the time to onset to cervical cancer in a southern European population.

Cervical cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease. Although there are substantial data supporting the causative role of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of cervical cancer, the complete course of the disease has never been completely understood. Several risk cofactors have been suggested with controversial results. Portugal has the highest incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) within western Europe and there are no known studies regarding the role of cofactors in SCC. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of smoking, sexual behaviour, reproductive and contraceptive history, in the time-to-onset (TTO) of severe cervical lesions (HGSIL/SCC) in the Portuguese population. We verified that age of first sexual intercourse under 18 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.8), pregnancy (OR 2.9), first pregnancy under 21 years (2.6), number of pregnancies (OR 2.3-5.4) and parity (OR 1.9-5.7) are risk factors in the development of cervical neoplasia. Smoke exposure index (SEI) was significantly different (P=0.002) between cases and controls. Our results regarding time-to-onset demonstrate that smoking (P<0.001, log rank test), number of sexual partners (P<0.001, log rank test) and use of oral contraceptives (P<0.001, log rank test) are important determinants in the earlier onset of severe cervical lesions. Using this approach, our findings may help to clarify the role of smoking and other cofactors in the persistence and progression of cervical lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Female non-surgical sterilization: use of endo-uterine quinacrine and betamethasone pellets. Review of the subject: experimental bases--pharmacology--toxicology--efficacy].

Quinacrine produces obstruction of the region of the uterine tube by its fibroblastic granulomatous action. Factors such as the Zn++ and Cu++ content of tubal tissue, as well as the use of anti-prostaglandins, potentialise this action. Two groups of patients were evaluated in this study: Group A--95 women. 180 mg of quinacrine +0.6 mg of betamethasone were inserted into the uterine cavity, on the basis of two insertions separated by a one month interval. Two pregnancies were found by the end of the 2nd year, the percentage failure rate being 2.2 and the Pearl index 0.58. Group B--129 women. 216 mg of quinacrine +1.2 mg of betamethasone were inserted into the uterine cavity, on the basis of two insertions separated by a one month interval. Two pregnancies were found by the end of the 1st year, the percentage failure rate being 0.59 and the Pearl index 0.54. Iatrogenic adverse reactions associated with quinacrine only were not seen in either of these two study groups. None of the pregnancies was ectopic.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Women in transition--menopause and body composition in different populations.

Human biology has provided valuable and applicable points of view to contribute towards human welfare, when it has analyzed changes in the transitional phases of the ontogenetic process. The purpose of this presentation coincides with WHO recommendations to study the modifications suffered by the female body during her stage of reproductive aging in different environments. We study and compared three different groups of women living in the cities of Madrid (Spain), Havana (Cuba) and in Tuxpan, a village in the State of Michoacán (Mexico). Three groups differed with respect to their socio-economic levels, food habits, social organization and culture. We used the same anthropometric techniques, recommended by the IBP, and same tools to assess the women's reproductive life, demography and socio-economic condition. All three groups coincidences regarding the remodelation of their thorax, so after 55 years of age their waist-hip ratio surpassed the cut point of 0.80, associated whit higher risk for chronic cardiovascular disorders. However, examined groups differed, for instance, the rural Mexican women altered their bone density earlier, five years before the urban samples. Next, Mexican women of younger ages maintained high levels of their body mass index above the cut point for overweight.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

[Genetic and ecologic study of aboriginal inhabitants of the Siberian northeast. III. Demographic structure of three modern population links of Yakutia].

Demographic data of genetic interest were studied in three separate populations of Tungus-speaking Evens. They are characterized as expanding populations, rather as a result of migration and admixture, than due to natural increase. The mean and variance of livebirths per female, whose reproduction was completed, were 7.23 and 13.07, respectively. The Crow's index of the opportunity for selection (It) and its components (Im and If) were found to be 0.62, 0.30 and 0.25, respectively. The values of Im and If appeared to be essentially lower than those previously found in other northern populations.

Demography↗
PubMed1989

The effect of loading on position sense at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the human index finger.

1. Proprioceptive acuity was tested at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger of normal subjects. 2. Examination of the ability of the subjects to match finger positions (position matching procedure) revealed that digital nerve block (DNB) of the finger resulted in characteristic alignment errors at the extremes in all subjects. 3. When one finger (target finger) is positioned close to full extension, all subjects hyperextended the anaesthetized matching finger, whilst target finger positioning towards full flexion resulted in hyperflexion of the matching finger. At intermediate positions the pattern of matching errors was more variable but tended to be consistent for a given subject. 4. When the matching finger was isotonically loaded into flexion, there was little change in matching performance for most subjects. However, when the matching finger was anaesthetized, such loading now produced clear alteration in performance in all subjects. This indicates that muscle receptors contribute to proprioceptive sensations at this joint, but require other afferent sources to optimally resolve position when the finger is loaded. 5. Two other test procedures (angle reproduction and assigned positions) were assessed and compared with the results obtained by the position matching technique. Although alterations in proprioceptive performance during DNB could be detected with these procedures, they tended to be less sensitive than the position matching procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Age-related differences in features associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in normogonadotrophic oligo-amenorrhoeic infertile women of reproductive years.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of age on clinical, endocrine and sonographic features associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertile women of reproductive years. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Four hundred and seventy-two oligo-amenorrhoeic infertile patients, presenting with normal FSH and oestradiol concentrations, aged 17-42 years underwent a standardised initial evaluation including: cycle history, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and transvaginal ultrasound scanning of ovaries. Fasting blood samples were obtained for extensive endocrine evaluation. Cycle duration, serum levels of gonadotrophins, androgens, oestradiol, insulin, glucose, inhibin B as well as mean number of follicles, ovarian volume and ovarian stroma echogenicity were assessed. RESULTS: Older women had significantly lower LH and androgen and inhibin B serum levels. Similarly, older women presented with a reduced number of ovarian follicles. Age was inversely correlated with cycle duration (r=-0.112, P=0.02), LH (r=-0.154, P=0.001), testosterone (r=-0.194, P=0.001), androstenedione (r=-0.170, P=0.001), dehydroepiandrosterone (r=-0.157, P=0.001), insulin (r=-0.126, P=0.02), inhibin B (r=-0.118, P=0.03) serum levels and mean follicle number (r=-0.100, P=0.03). A positive correlation was observed between age and glucose to insulin ratio (r=0.138, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertile women is associated with lower LH and androgen levels and with a decreased number of ovarian follicles. Although during reproductive years observed differences are relatively small, these age-related changes may affect the observed incidence of PCOS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Contraception with levonorgestrel, 0.15 mg, and ethinyl estradiol, 0.03 mg. Clinical studies in Latin America.

Levonorgestrel, 0.15 mg, and ethinyl estradiol, 0.03 mg, an ultra-low-dose oral contraceptive product, was studied in Latin America. In total, 1,206 sexually active, fertile women in their reproductive years were followed through 9,736 cycles. Only one of eight pregnancies was attributed to failure of the medication, resulting in a corrected Pearl index of 0.13. Very good cycle regulation was achieved, with an acceptably low rate of intermenstrual bleeding. The medication was discontinued for medical reasons in only 5% of the patients. Apart from a mild case of thrombophlebitis, there were no major side effects. These studies show that this combination oral contraceptive provides effective contraception with a very low incidence of side effects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Survival of breast-cancer patients and body size indicators.

The association of breast-cancer survival with various risk factors was investigated using data of 213 breast-cancer patients who underwent surgical operation between 1975 and 1978. They were followed-up until 1987, and a total of 64 deaths including 47 breast-cancer deaths were certified. The 5-year and 10-year relative survival rates were 78.5% and 75.3% respectively. Of the various factors investigated, some anthropometric indicators revealed interesting results; i.e., body weight, Quetelet index, and body surface area at the time of operation turned out to be strong predictors of survival with a statistically significant trend towards lower survival with larger body structure even after adjustment for confounding factors (e.g., clinical stage) using a proportional-hazard model. The estimated survival probability for women with Quetelet index of 20 was about 12% higher than that with Quetelet index of 24 over a 10-year or more follow-up period. Other variables exhibiting prognostic importance were clinical stage, TNM classification, and some histological findings, while height and reproductive life indicators were, as a rule, not significantly related to survival.

Body Height↗