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PubMed1979

[Effect of fosfomycin-Na on reproductive performance of rats. III. Peri- and post-natal examination (author's transl)].

The peri- and post-natal study of fosfomycin-Na (FOM-Na) was undertaken in Wistar rats. FOM-Na was administered intraperitoneally at dose levels of 250, 750 and 1,500 mg/kg/day from day 14 of gestation to day 21 after delivery. It could be concluded that delivery rate in the 750 and 1,500 mg/kg groups decreased, but no influence of FOM-Na was found on postnatal development of offspring (F1) and neonate (F2) without maximum dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of fosfomycin-calcium on reproductive performance of rat and rabbit: teratogenicity test (author's transl)].

The teratogenicity study of fosfomycin-Ca (FOM-Ca) was undertaken in Wistar strain rats and JW strain rabbits. Rats were treated orally at dose levels of 140,700 and 1,400 mg/kg/day from 7th to 17th day of gestation, and rabbits were treated orally at dose levels of 80, 140 and 420 mg/kg/day from 6th to 18th day of gestation. In the case of rats, two-thirds of pregnant mothers in each group were sacrificed on 20th day of gestation and then their fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal observation. The remaining mothers were allowed to deliver naturally, and then their offsprings were examined for postnatal development. In the case of rabbits, all pregnant mothers were sacrificed on 29th day of gestation and their fetuses were examined. No effect of FOM-Ca treatment to rat and rabbit mothers was found except soft stool was seen with maximum dose in rats. Dead or resorbed rate of fetuses increased, external anomalies (short tail, abdominal hernia) were found and skeletal anomalies slight increased with maximum dose in rats. However, there was no significant difference from the control or background data. While, no effect of FOM-Ca treatment was observed in rabbits and rat offsprings. Consequently, it can be concluded that FOM-Ca has no teratogenicity effects on rats and rabbits.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

[Antibacterial kinetics of fosfomycin (author's transl)].

The authors studied, with the Autobac machine, the kinetics of antibacterial activity of fosfomycin against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus D' Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Acinetobactor lwoffi, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A correlation appears between the kinetics of fosformycin antibacterial action and the microbial growth rate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Cerebrospinal fluid diffusion kinetics of cefotaxime and fosfomycin in Staphylococcus aureus meningitis with otorrhea].

A case of post-traumatic meningitis with otorrhea due to Staphylococcus aureus was successfully treated with a cefotaxim-fosfomycin (CTX-FOS) combination. Serial samples of CSF leaking from the ear showed that maximal concentrations of CTX and FOS, 3.24 mg/l and 19.10 mg/l respectively, occurred one hour after the infusion of both antibiotics was terminated. For desacetyl-cefotaxim (D-CTX), maximal concentration (1.24 mg/l) occurred two hours later. These findings suggest that lumber puncture to control maximal penetration of CTX and FOS into CSF should be done one hour after infusion of both antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Chemotherapy with fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime in experimental E. coli-pleuropneumonia (author's transl)].

Two models of pneumonia--the experimental E. coli-pleuropneumonia and "intrapulmonary" E. coli-pneumonia--were employed in these studies. Only fosfomycin was effective in both models even at the low dosage of 100 mg/kg/d. The comparative drugs cefotaxime and cefoxitin, however, were not able to reduce the bacteria in both lungs even at very high dosages of 900 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg per day respectively over 6 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Growth curves of Escherichia coli submitted to fosfomycin].

In the presence of glucose-6-phosphate, the growth curves of Escherichia coli submitted to several concentrations of fosfomycin show: a) a delay of growth of the bacteria at concentrations 16 to 32 times lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration, b) the presence of resistant bacteria in regrowing cultures under subinhibitory concentrations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Diffusion of fosfomycin into bone tissue in man].

Fosfomycine diffusion into spongious and cortical bone was studied in 20 patients undergoing total replacement of the hip after an intravenous infusion of 4 g (1 g/h). The serum and bone samples were collected 1 h and 3 h after administration of the drug. Concentrations at 1 h were 105.0 +/- 12.4 micrograms/ml, 19.6 +/- 4.8 micrograms/g and 13.3 +/- 3.7 micrograms/g in serum, spongious bone and cortical bone respectively; at 3 h these concentrations had become respectively 67.8 +/- 15.9 micrograms/ml, 10.0 +/- 4.2 micrograms/g and 8.2 +/- 3.6 micrograms/g. Antibiotic levels in bone tissue decreased in direct ratio to corresponding serum values, the mean tissue/serum ratio remaining at 15 +/- 4%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Prevalence and dispersion of plasmids conferring fosfomycin resistance in enterobacteria].

The mechanisms of resistance to fosfomycin which, at the present, predominate among clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens as well as the incidence and dispersion of For plasmids among other species of Enterobacteriaceae were studied. It was found that that 23 of the 29 strains under study phenotypically behaved as glp T- mutants, another as glp T- and uhp- and five of them showed no alterations in their transport system. Self-transferable plasmids involved in For were isolated from the latter. For plasmids were also found in strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae but not in other enterobacteria. Plasmids were studied in order to establish their resistance phenotype, molecular weight and incompatibility group. The data obtained along with the restriction pattern allow us to conclude that the trait For is linked to, at least, two different replicons.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Sensitivity to fosfomycin of bacteria isolated at the Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital in 1982 and 1983].

Susceptibility of 16 056 strains isolated in 1982 and 1983 to fosfomycin (FOS) was tested with Mueller-Hinton medium and discs 50 micrograms FOS + 25 micrograms glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) (cutoff diameter 14 mm). For 3 411 strains, inhibition zone diameters were recorded. Almost all E. coli, Citrobacter, Salmonella and S. aureus were susceptible to FOS as well as 70% of Serratia, E. cloacae, P. mirabilis and 50% of Klebsiella and Enterobacter sp. Only 27% of P. aeruginosa, 20% of indole positive Proteus and 8% of Acinetobacter were sensitive to FOS. E. coli, Citrobacter and S. aureus seem to exhibit the highest susceptibilities to FOS. Sensitivity rates of E. cloacae, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, and especially Klebsiella seemed slightly underestimated by the disk diffusion method, but differentiation between susceptible and resistant strains was facilitated by rating as susceptible those strains with inhibition zone diameters between 12 and 14 mm. This method also seemed to underrate the sensitivity of susceptible Enterobacteriaceae, probably because of inadequate G6P concentrations at this point of the disk.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the method of susceptibility test of Campylobacter jejuni to fosfomycin].

Conditions for the susceptibility test of Campylobacter jejuni to fosfomycin (FOM) were studied and it was concluded that the following procedure is most appropriate for routine tests. The test organisms were subcultured in 0.5 ml of heart infusion broth (Difco) in test tubes for a microplanter (Sakuma Seisakusho) and incubated in a GasPak jar with a CampyPak and catalyst (BBL) at 37 degrees C for 44--48 hours. The cultures were then diluted 100-fold in the same broth and inoculated with a microplanter on test plates. The test plates were nutrient agar (Difco) supplemented with 0.2% MgCl2 and 5% defibrinated horse blood. The plates were then incubated under the condition as described above and the growth of the cells was examined. It should be noted that drying of plates for more than 1 hour caused significant loss of viability of the cells.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical trial of fosfomycin for Campylobacter enteritis].

Forty-three children and 4 adults with Campylobacter enteritis were studied in the treatment of fosfomycin (FOM). FOM was administered per orally in doses ranging from 50 to 100 mg/kg/day for children and 3 g/day for adults for 5 days. Main symptoms such as diarrhea and fever were disappeared within 2 days on the average. Campylobacter jejuni in stool specimen disappeared within a week in 95% of these patients. The duration of main symptoms and the period of positive stool culture were evidently shortened in FOM-treated group compared with non-treated group. All of the isolated strains were sensitive to FOM by mono-concentration disk method. MIC50 of these strains remained between 1.56 and 3.13 micrograms/ml. None of these MIC was beyond 12.5 micrograms/ml.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical experience with fosfomycin sodium for infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology].

Fosfomycin sodium (FOM-Na) was administered to 18 patients with various obstetrical and gynecological infections, at daily dose of 4 g. Out of 18 patients treated with FOM-Na, 16 patients showed excellent or good response to FOM-Na and effective rate was 88.9%. No side effects were observed. It is recognized that FOM-Na is an excellent drug for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Fosfomycin susceptibility of clinical isolates from otorhinolaryngological infections].

To investigate the clinical and bacteriological usefulness of orally administered fosfomycin calcium (FOM), the susceptibility of 558 strains to FOM was determined. These strains were isolated at our Center, between Feb. 1982 and Feb. 1983 from otorhinolaryngological infections. Several other drugs were also tested on the same strains for comparison. The results were as follows. The MIC80 of FOM was 6.25 micrograms/ml against each of aerobic Gram-positive cocci such as S. aureus, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, anaerobic Gram-positive cocci such as Peptococcus spp., and H. influenzae. P. mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp., P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were inhibited, respectively, at 3.13, 12.5, 12.5 and 50 micrograms/ml. Most of the MICs were between 3.13 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the difference between the MIC50 and the MIC90 was only 1 to 2 tubes since there were few resistant strains. With the comparative drugs, there was a reduction seen in the sensitivities of pipemidic acid (PPA), ampicillin (ABPC), and cephalexin (CEX) against, respectively, P. aeruginosa, beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae and S. aureus. FOM showed good and constant sensitivity for the weakly PPA-sensitive P. aeruginosa, weakly ABPC-sensitive beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae and weakly CEX-sensitive S. aureus. The MICs of FOM against the main problematic isolates from otorhinolaryngological infections were mostly between 3.13 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, including the above weakly PPA-, ABPC- and CEX-sensitive strains. Based on these values, FOM may be said to have moderate antibacterial efficacy when administered orally in the usual dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of fosfomycin in Campylobacter jejuni enteritis].

Out of 1,219 pediatric patients who were brought to our hospital with chief complaint of diarrhea and abdominal pain and in whom stool cultures were obtained for bacteriological studies in the 17 month period from May 1 in 1981 to September 30 in 1982, Campylobacter jejuni was isolated in 203 patients (16.7%). In this study we assessed the efficacy of fosfomycin (FOM) for C. jejuni enteritis. Results of antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that C. jejuni is highly sensitive to FOM. The efficacy of FOM was confirmed both clinically and bacteriologically. Moreover, improvement in diarrheal symptoms and the duration required for cultural conversion under FOM treatment were assessed. From the results obtained, it was considered that FOM is an antibiotic with high efficacy for the treatment of C. jejuni enteritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Susceptibility testing with fosfomycin in an agar diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar].

A disc loading of 50 microgram fosfomycin + 50 microgram glucose-6-phosphate is recommended for disc susceptibility testing. Regression analyses for the correlation of the diameter of inhibition zones with the MIC result in the following equations. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa x = -0.15 y + 16.67 and for Enterobacteriacae plus gram-positive cocci x = -0.34 y + 19.55 (x = log2MIC + 9; y = diameter of inhibition zone in mm). The correlation coefficients are r = -0.9219 and -0.8627 respectively. The analysis yield the following zone diameter interpretive standards. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa less than 12 mm resistant, greater than or equal to 25 mm susceptible, and for Enterobacteriaceae plus gram-positive cocci less than 14 mm resistant, greater than or equal to 20 mm susceptible.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of high dose intravenous injection of fosfomycin on the severe infections associated with the treatment of haematological disorders].

Fosfomycin (FOM) was administered intravenously to 65 cases of severe infections complicated with 62 cases of several haematological disorders. Out of 65 cases, 45 were treated with high doses FOM, i.e., 8 g per day or more. Another 20 cases were treated in usual doses of 4--6 g per day. Causative organisms were isolated from 52 cases of which 32 cases were Gram-negative bacilli and 19 cases were Gram-positive cocci. The effective rate of FOM was 57.8% in the high-dose treatment group (26/45) and 45.0% in the usual-dose treatment group (9/20), but the significant difference was not defined. Among 32 cases with Gram-negative bacilli infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens, 15 cases were effective (47%). On the contrary, 14 out of 19 cases with Gram-positive cocci infections were effective (74%). Thirteen cases (50.0%) were effective even in which neutrophils were less than 500/cmm before FOM administration. Severe side effects were not observed, without 2 cases. One was skin eruption due to drug allergy and the other was suspected to be interstitial pneumonitis, but not confirmed pathologically. These data suggest that high dose treatment of FOM were useful for the severe infections even in neutropenic state in haematological disorders.

Adolescent↗