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PubMed1994

Aedes albopictus distribution, abundance, and colonization in Lee County, Florida, and its effect on Aedes aegypti.

In 1992 the known southern limit of Aedes albopictus in Florida was in Lee County. Through oviposition surveillance, the distribution of Ae. albopictus was determined, and its frequency relative to Aedes aegypti and colonization pattern of areas previously occupied by Ae. aegypti were examined in Lee County. The data collected in the first year of surveillance demonstrate the ability of Ae. albopictus to rapidly and preferentially colonize large expanses of rural southwest Florida. Urban and suburban areas of the county showed slower colonization rates. In suburban areas, Ae. albopictus became the dominant container-breeding mosquito species, whereas it did not become dominant in urban areas. During the study period, Ae. albopictus did not displace Ae. aegypti in urban or suburban habitats. The southern limit of Ae. albopictus moved a distance of 8.1 km (5 mi.) in 6 wk to the southern border of the county.

Aedes↗
PubMed1994

Psychiatric hospitalization of children in Florida. Legal aspects.

The hospitalization of children in psychiatric hospitals and their associated rights or lack thereof remains an important issue. Much attention has been focused on children's rights in Florida, most recently with the cases of Gregory K. and Kimberly Mays. On a national level, Hillary Rodham Clinton has drawn attention to children's rights through her advocacy for children. The commitment of children to mental health facilities in Florida deserves examination. This is an important issue, not only to the psychiatrist who tests youths, but also to the family practitioner, internist, or any other referring physician who is involved in the case of the child and the family. It is imperative that the primary care physician as well as the psychiatrist know and understand the limitations and requirements for civil commitment of a child in a psychiatric setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Oral rehydration therapy. North Florida physicians' attitudes.

This study assessed primary care physicians' familiarity and attitudes toward oral rehydration therapy in the management of mild, moderate or severe diarrheal dehydration in children. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to a cross-sectional representation of pediatricians, family practitioners and pediatric residents in North Central Florida. All were familiar with this type of therapy. Fewer were familiar with the Florida Oral Rehydration Therapy Program. Pediatricians reported significantly higher self-assessment scores than family practitioners or residents, and more of them were familiar with the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendations for treatment of dehydration. Pediatric residents used intravenous therapy more frequently than pediatricians or family practitioners. The major obstacles to oral rehydration therapy use were identified as parental acceptance, compliance, and lack of a specific treatment area. The findings of this study suggest that pediatricians are more confident in their assessment, management and use of this type of therapy in children. Efforts to increase its use should focus on educational programs for physicians and parents. Dissemination of information to parents and pediatric providers may promote early treatment which should prevent more severe degrees of dehydration, decrease hospitalization and possibly prevent unnecessary deaths.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis associated with homemade ice cream--Florida, 1993.

On September 7, 1993, the Epidemiology Program of the Duval County (Florida) Public Health Unit was notified about an outbreak of acute febrile gastroenteritis among persons who attended a cookout at a psychiatric treatment hospital in Jacksonville, Florida. This report summarizes the outbreak investigation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Breast cancer in Florida women. Incidence and stage at diagnosis.

Using the Florida Cancer Data System, trends were examined in female breast cancer incidence and stage of diagnosis over the period 1981-1989. The crude incidence rate increased 20% due to diagnosis at local stage or in situ. Incidence rates of disease with regional or distant spread have declined. Similar trends appear in all age groups statewide and in both Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites. The shift to earlier stage at diagnosis is not seen for nonwhite women who are less likely to be diagnosed at a local stage than white women, even after controlling for the younger age distribution of nonwhite cases. For non-Hispanic whites, the percent local at diagnosis is lowest in women in urban counties. Careful breast examination and mammographic screening for asymptomatic women lead to earlier diagnosis, longer survival and even cure. While considerable progress has been made in early detection, nonwhites and some urban residents in Florida have not received the full benefit of these changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Florida's tuberculosis epidemic. Public health response.

Florida ranked fourth in the nation with 1,707 tuberculosis cases reported in 1992 for a rate of 12.7 per 100,000 population. Thirteen percent of these patients had AIDS. Recent cases in prisons, shelters, hospitals and schools have stimulated interest and media coverage. Resurgence of strains of multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis is a serious concern. The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, in collaboration with allied agencies, has utilized several initiatives in response. The most significant, Tuberculosis Epidemic Containment Plan, details intervention strategies needed to eliminate TB in the state by the year 2010. Successful implementation depends upon local TB prevention and control coalitions that include private and public sector providers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Viral gastroenteritis associated with consumption of raw oysters--Florida, 1993.

During November 20-30, 1993, four county public health units (CPHUs) of the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) in northwestern Florida conducted preliminary investigations of seven separate outbreaks of foodborne illness following consumption of raw oysters. On December 1, the HRS State Health Office initiated an investigation to characterize the illness, examine risk factors for oyster-associated gastroenteritis, and quantify the dose-response relation. This report presents the findings of these two investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Establishment of the foreign partheonogenetic tick Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Florida.

The parthenogenetic tick Amblyomma rotundatum, a Central and South American species, has become established in southern Florida. The date of introduction is unknown, but it is suspected to be either during the 1930s, when 1 of its natural hosts, the giant or marine toad, Bufo marinus, was introduced to southern Florida as a potential biological control of pest beetles in sugar cane fields, or between 1955 and 1964 when specimens of B. marinus were accidentally or deliberately released in the greater Miami area. Several museum specimens of this toad collected in the Miami area 25 April 1979 had nymphal and adult A. rotundatum attached. Subsequent examination of living giant toads collected at another Miami area site from 1983 through 1985 revealed larval, nymphal, and adult A. rotundatum and confirmed colonization of this tick. Under laboratory conditions, another neotropical amphibian and reptile tick, Amblyomma dissimile, is capable of transmitting Cowdria ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater, a disease present in the Caribbean area. Therefore, we suggest that A. rotundatum should also be tested for vectorial competence.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Measles--Duval County, Florida, 1991-1992.

An outbreak of measles occurred in northeastern Florida (Bradford, Clay, Duval, Nassau, Putnam, and St. Johns counties) in 1991 and early 1992. A total of 193 confirmed cases of measles were reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (FDHRS). This report summarizes an investigation of the outbreak in Duval County (1990 population: 676,556), which reported 146 (76%) of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Parasitic arthropods of sympatric opossums, cotton rats, and cotton mice from Merritt Island, Florida.

Six species of parasitic arthropods were collected from 12 opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 8 species were obtained from 28 cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), and 4 species were collected from 10 cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus) from Merritt Island, Brevard County, Florida. The flea Polygenis gwyni was the only parasite that infested all 3 host species, and it was present in very high densities (mean intensity = 73.7) on the opossums. The American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, and the tropical rat mite, Ornithonyssus bacoti, both infested 2 host species but were principally associated with opossums and cotton rats, respectively. All remaining arthropod species were confined to single host species, suggesting host specificity by these parasites. The atopomelid mite Didelphilichus serrifer and the myobiid mite Radfordia sigmodontis constitute new state records for Florida. The reptile tick Amblyomma dissimile is recorded from a cotton mouse for the first time; Merritt Island may represent the most northerly location for viable populations of this tick in the U.S.A.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Attitudes of Florida family practice residents concerning obstetrics.

BACKGROUND: The cost of liability insurance for obstetrical care and the fear of eventual litigation are reasons commonly cited by family physicians for not delivering babies. METHODS: Separate surveys were mailed to residency directors and third-year residents in Florida family practice residency programs to determine the attitude and practice plans of recently trained family physicians in regard to obstetrics. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty residents completed civilian family practice residency programs in Florida from 1986 through 1990. Only nine (2.8%) delivered babies the first year after residency. The major reasons that third-year residents gave for not planning to deliver babies included fear of being sued and the cost of malpractice insurance. Residents' estimates of first-year insurance costs were 350% higher than actual premiums. Furthermore, residents believed that the risk of being sued for the obstetrics portion of their practice would exceed the risk for the nonobstetric portion. CONCLUSIONS: Residents' estimates of the cost of malpractice insurance and their malpractice risk for delivering babies appear to be greatly exaggerated. These views are primarily obtained from nonresidency sources.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Breast cancer screening in Florida. Opportunities for prevention.

Records of 705 women age 40 years and over interviewed by the Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 1990 were used to identify gaps in mammography utilization in Florida. Data were weighted to the 1990 age and race composition of the population. Of the women 55.8% received a mammogram in the last two years and 33.4% reported they had never had one. The percentage reporting a mammogram in the last two years was 61.9% for those who had a check-up in the last year and 68.7% for those who had a breast examination in the last year. The reason 34% gave for not having a mammogram was "not recommended by doctor." Cost or lack of insurance was the reason for 10.6% of all women and 15.2% of women from households below $15,000 annual income. Data were further stratified by age and race/ethnicity. Significant missed opportunities for mammography are occurring among women in the health-care system. Interventions to increase mammography need to address providers' attitudes and behaviors as well as potential patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Vibrio vulnificus infections associated with raw oyster consumption--Florida, 1981-1992.

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious illness and death in persons with preexisting liver disease or compromised immune systems. From 1981 through 1992, 125 persons with V. vulnificus infections, of whom 44 (35%) died, were reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS). This report summarizes data on these cases and presents estimates of the at-risk population in Florida.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Ciguatera fish poisoning--Florida, 1991.

Twenty cases of ciguatera fish poisoning from consumption of amberjack were reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) in August and September 1991. This report summarizes the investigation of these cases by the Florida HRS.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Comprehensive assessment of health needs 2 months after Hurricane Andrew--Dade County, Florida, 1992.

On August 24, 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck southern Florida. More than 28,000 houses, mobile homes, and apartment buildings were destroyed, and approximately 107,000 additional dwellings sustained major damage. An estimated 180,000 persons were left homeless; insured damages were estimated at $15.5 billion and total damages at more than $30 billion. During the recovery period, many private and public health-care facilities damaged or destroyed in the storm were not functional. During November 3-13, to help prioritize health needs and direct public health resources, the Dade County Public Health Unit of the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services conducted a survey to assess health needs and the availability of health-care services during the recovery phase with funds provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This report summarizes the results of the survey.

Disasters↗
PubMed1996

Surveillance of tuberculosis and AIDS co-morbidity--Florida, 1981-1993.

Because immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the likelihood that latent tuberculosis (TB) infection will become active in HIV-infected persons (1,2), in 1987, extrapulmonary or disseminated TB was added to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance case definition (3), and in 1993, pulmonary TB in HIV-infected persons was added to the case definition (4). In Florida and other areas (5), AIDS surveillance activities include assessment of the completeness and validity of reported cases based on confidential record linkages with the TB registry and other disease registries. In December 1993, the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS) matched cases from the AIDS and TB registries to verify documented TB data, include more complete TB data on the AIDS registry, and identify cases from the AIDS registry with unreported TB. This report summarizes an analysis of this match, which underscored the need for collaboration and crosstraining of surveillance staff in AIDS and TB reporting.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Human Rabies--Florida, 1996.

On February 8, 1996, a 26-year-old man died in a hospital in Naples, Florida, following progressive neurologic deterioration. Rabies had been clinically suspected on the day he was admitted (December 30, 1995) and was confirmed by CDC on January 10, 1996. This report summarizes the investigation of this case by The Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Collier County Public Health Unit, which indicted a dog in Mexico as the probable source of exposure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Women at risk: papanicolaou smear screening in Florida.

In the South, especially Appalachia, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer has remained high relative to the rest of the United States. Populous Florida now stands third among states by incidence and fifth from last in Pap screening. During the 1994 survey, 2,059 Florida women chosen as a multi-stage cluster sample were interviewed concerning their use of screening Pap smears. Never-participation in screening percentages were significantly higher in Hispanic women (14.7%), those sharing household incomes of less than $10,000 (13.2%), and women limited to a high school education (10.7%), but not among respondents older than 64 years of age (8.7%). Despite continued annual physician contact by most, yearly Pap smears fell to only 57.0% among women aged 55-64 years. It is important that physicians target these women and use any appropriate clinical contact to educate them about risk factors for cervical cancer while encouraging regular, continued use of this life-saving test.

Adolescent↗