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PubMed2000

Usefulness of EC4 essential criteria for quality systems of medical laboratories as guideline to the ISO 15189 and ISO 17025 documents. European Community Confederation of Clinical Chemistry (EC4) Working Group on Harmonisation of Quality Systems and Accreditation.

Many medical laboratories have made a start with the introduction of quality management systems. However, it is still not clear against which standards such systems should be measured. The existing ISO and CEN standards do not cover essential aspects of medical laboratories. The publication of the EC4 Essential Criteria has stimulated the development of the ISO/Draft International Standard 15189. This standard seems adequate for our type of laboratories. However, it is not easy to read. The EC4 Essential Criteria could well serve as a guide, covering additional aspects, e.g. on total quality management and budget management as required in the EFQM model, that are not (yet) included in the ISO standard. In the present article the EC4 Essential Criteria are cross-referenced with two new international ISO standards, ISO/FDIS 15189 and ISO/FDIS 17025, the latter being the successor of ISO guide 25 and EN 45000. Both new ISO documents are in compliance with the new ISO 9000:2000 standard.

Europe↗
PubMed1990

Staff migration within the European community.

What will be the effects on the labour health market of 1992? Will there be a mass exodus of medical staff to other parts of Europe? Will Britain be flooded with doctors and nurses from abroad? Joanna Lyall reports.

Emigration and Immigration↗
PubMed1999

[Methodology for analyzing censored correlated data: application of marginal and frailty approaches in human genetics. The European Community Alport Syndrome Concerted Action Group (ECASCA)].

BACKGROUND: Statistical analysis for correlated censored data allows to study censored events in clustered structure designs. Considering a possible correlation among failure times of the same group, standard methodology is no longer applicable. We investigated proposed models in this context to study familial data about a genetic disease, Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome is a severe hereditary disease due to abnormal collagenous chains. Renal failure is the main symptom of the disease. It progresses toward end-stage renal failure (IRT) according to a high time variability. As shown by genetic studies, mutations of COL4A5 gene are involved in the X-linked Alport Syndrome. Due to the large range of the mutation types, the aim of this study was to search for a possible genetic origin of the heterogeneity of the disease severity. METHODS: Marginal survival models and mixed effects survival models (so-called frailty models) were proposed to take into account the possible non independence of the observations. In this study, time until end-stage renal failure is a rightly censored end point. Possible intra-familial correlations due to shared environmental and/or genetic factors could induce dependence among familial failure times. In this paper, we fit marginal and frailty proportional hazards models to evaluate the effect of mutation type on the risk of IRT and an interfamilial heterogeneity of failure times. RESULTS: In this study, the use of these models allows to show the presence of an interfamilial heterogeneity of the failure times to IRT. Moreover, the results suggest that some mutation types are linked to a higher risk of fast evolution to IRT, which explains partially the interfamilial heterogeneity of the failure times. CONCLUSIONS: This paper shows the interest of marginal and frailty models to evaluate the heterogeneity of censored responses and to study relationships between a censored criterion and covariables. This study puts forward the importance of characterizing the mutation at a molecular level to understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2000

Structure of Homoleptic Cu(I)(CO)(3) Cations in Cu(I)-Exchanged ZSM-5 Zeolite: An X-ray Absorption Study This project was supported by MURST (Cofin 98, Area 03). XAFS measurements were performed at ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facitity) within the public user program. BM8 GILDA beamline is supported by INFN, INFM and CNR. The European Community is gratefully acknowledged for a TMR grant to G.T.P. We are indebted to F. Danca for skilful technical support and to M. Benfatto for critical discussion.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Nitroglycal Concatenation: A Broadly Applicable and Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Complex O-Glycans This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the European Community (grant no. FAIR-CT 97-3142). G.A.W. gratefully acknowledges a RIKEN/Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes fellowship. We are grateful to Dr. A. Geyer for his help in the structural assignments by NMR experiments and to Dr. K.-H. Jung for his help in the preparation of the manuscript.

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Journal Article↗