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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Dislocation of the elbow: an experimental study of the ligamentous injuries.

The stability of human cadaveric elbow specimens was investigated using an experimental apparatus. Posterior dislocation of the elbow could only be produced when a combined valgus and external rotatory torque was applied to the specimen. None of the elbows were dislocated during varus and internal rotatory torque or in the extreme positions. In ten elbow specimens with an experimentally produced posterior dislocation, simultaneous rupture of the anterior part of the medial collateral ligament and the annular ligament were the most frequent findings. A lateral collateral ligament tear was only seen in two cases. Posterior elbow dislocation seems to be due to a combined valgus and external rotatory stress to the semiflexed elbow, resulting in a bilateral ligamentous injury.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2002

Surgical approaches for nonneurogenic elbow heterotopic ossification with ulnar neuropathy.

BACKGROUND: Few reports are available concerning elbow heterotopic ossification (HO) and its optimal management in nonneurologic or nonburn patients after repetitive elbow manipulation. The unique anatomic relationship of the ulnar nerve at the elbow renders it rather vulnerable to injury when elbow HO occurs medially or posteromedially and extends into the vicinity of the cubital tunnel. METHODS: A total of 16 consecutive patients without neurologic injury were diagnosed with heterotopic ossification formation in the elbow and referred to the Upper Extremity Unit of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. All 16 patients were diagnosed with ulnar palsy, and 14 were found to have sensory dysfunction and muscle wasting for an average of 5.2 months. RESULTS: Fourteen of 16 patients achieved functional range of motion or more after surgery. The final gain in range of motion averaged 80.3 degrees. All except one had complete neurologic recovery postoperatively. The patient who had ulnar palsy for 1 year presurgery did not achieve any neurologic recovery. CONCLUSION: Forceful and repetitive manipulation may add further damage to an already stiffened elbow and should be avoided in an elbow after immobilization or surgery. Early surgical resection of HO and ulnar nerve decompression followed by gentle and aggressive physical therapy terminate the vicious cycle and yield encouraging results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Posterior elbow dislocation with associated vascular injury after blunt trauma.

BACKGROUND: Injury of the brachial artery is a rare (5-13%) but serious complication after closed elbow dislocation without associated fractures. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of long-term results (mean, 4.1 years) in four patients. RESULTS: All patients underwent emergency repair of the arterial injury within 2.5 hours. In three patients, a reversed saphenous vein graft was used; in one patient the artery was sutured. This latter patient needed another operation with interposition of a reversed saphenous graft, because the primary anastomosis occluded. The capsule and the collateral ligaments were immediately reconstructed in three patients because of instability. No patient showed claudication of the arm. In three patients, a sensory deficiency of median nerve persisted. Average range of motion was 128 degrees of flexion (120-135 degrees) and an extension deficit of 7.5 degrees (15-0 degrees). CONCLUSION: Primary repair of vascular injury after closed elbow dislocation with vein graft and immediate reconstruction of ligamentous injuries results in good long-term functional outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Penile reconstruction for a victim of electrical injury with bilateral below-elbow amputations.

We report on a young man who had complete loss of the penis and bilateral below-elbow amputations following severe electrical injury. Reconstruction of the penis was completed by using a deliberately tailored dorsalis pedis flap to solve the problems encountered by a migrated skin tube. Construction of a neourethra with release of the contracture was done simultaneously and brought about successful results.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Trauma to elbows, knees, and ankles.

In summary, the emergency department or office-based physician should distinguish first between inflammation and injury. A clinical diagnosis of fracture should be made before obtaining and reading films. Comparison views help to resolve doubt. A neurologic examination should be documented before undertaking reduction. Finally, if in doubt, a splint for 24 to 48 hours until an orthopedic opinion is available causes no harm.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1988

[Secondary ligament instabilities in the area of the elbow joint].

Secondary capsular or ligamentous injuries around the elbow joint, which are generally a rare finding, can give rise to medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior instability. Medial instability is especially bothersome during sporting activities, such as javelin throwing and baseball, and requires tightening or replacement of the ulnar collateral ligament. On the lateral side it is particularly the subluxation of the head of the radius that makes surgical tightening of the annular ligament essential. Anterior instability, which would cause the joint to dislocate anteriorly, is extremely rare and does not lead to secondary problems. Posterolateral, chronically recurrent, dislocation of the elbow joint, however, is intolerable for the patient, and many operative stabilizing procedures have been performed, mostly in isolated patients, in attempts at correction. The current method of choice consists in tightening of the dorsoradial capsular pouch in combination with osseous refixation of the slack radial ligament.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1990

Computed tomography of joint injuries.

CT has become the imaging modality of choice in most acute and chronic injuries involving the articular surfaces. Today's technology allows high resolution, fast scanning, and rapid reformatting, all of which contribute to prompt orthopedic evaluation and decision making. Our orthopedic colleagues have come to rely on high-quality CT scans in order to evaluate calcaneal and tibial plateau fractures, stress fractures, osteochondritis dissecans, acute and chronic shoulder trauma, and problems of the painful wrist--especially the distal radioulnar joint.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2004

The position of crossing branches of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve during cubital tunnel surgery in humans.

The posterior branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve courses in proximity to the cubital tunnel and is particularly prone to injury during ulnar nerve release at the elbow. Inadvertent injury to medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches during surgery can result in the formation of painful neuromas that can be misdiagnosed as recurrent disease. It is important to understand the relevant anatomy of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches during cubital tunnel surgery to avoid significant postoperative morbidity. This prospective observational anatomic study examined the position of the posterior branch of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve in relationship to a standard approach to the cubital tunnel in a randomly selected group of 97 patients undergoing primary surgery over a 3-year period. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches were noted to cross at or proximal to the medial humeral epicondyle 61 percent of the time at an average proximal distance of 1.8 cm. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches were noted to cross distal to the medial humeral epicondyle 100 percent of the time at an average distal distance of 3.1 cm. Understanding the general position of crossing medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve branches during ulnar nerve release at the elbow may help to prevent iatrogenic injury to this cutaneous nerve.

Adolescent↗