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PubMed1988

Type X collagen alterations in rachitic chick epiphyseal growth cartilage.

We examined collagens of both normal and vitamin D-deficient chick epiphyseal growth cartilage. Special emphasis was placed on the study of Type X collagen, a recently described product of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Scanning electron microscopy of the epiphyseal growth cartilage of vitamin D-deficient chickens showed an enlarged growth cartilage with a disorganized extracellular matrix. The cartilage collagens were solubilized by proteolytic digestion and disulfide bond reduction of both normal and rachitic growth tissues. Sequential extraction with neutral salt and acetic acid buffers followed by pepsin digestion at 4 degrees C solubilized about 12% of normal tissues and about 7% of collagen from rachitic growth cartilage. Treatment of the pepsin-resistant collagens with neutral salt-dithiothreitol buffer under nondenaturing conditions and a subsequent pepsin digestion increased the yield of solubilized collagen to greater than 95% of the total tissue collagen. Results of the biochemical studies showed a marked increase in the relative proportion of Type X collagen (from 5.6 to 27.9%), a corresponding decrease in the proportions of Types II and IX collagens, and a moderate increase in Type XI collagen in rachitic cartilage. Amino acid analysis indicated that there were no differences in the Types II and X collagens of normal and rachitic cartilage. However, an abnormality in the relative proportions of the CNBr peptides of Type X collagen was detected in the rachitic cartilage. We suggest that the increase in collagen in the rachitic state may reflect increased levels of Type X collagen synthesis by cells in the hypertrophic region. It is likely that in rickets the overproduction of Type X collagen may be a compensatory mechanism by which the hypertrophic chondrocyte attempts to provide a maximum area of calcifiable matrix for the calcium-depleted serum.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasound evaluation of the distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center as a screening test for intrauterine growth retardation.

In a heterogeneous group of 226 pregnant women, a retrospective study was done of the relation between the distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center detected by ultrasound and the birth weights of the infants. The ossification center of the femur was detectable in 202 of the 208 infants appropriate for gestational age; it was undetectable in 15 of the 18 infants small for gestational age. Because our results compared favorably with those reached by more complicated methods in the literature, we propose that the distal femoral epiphyseal ossification center be used as a screening test for intrauterine growth retardation.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Localised form of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita.

We report an unusual case of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita which affected only the hips and the thoraco-lumbar spine. The epiphysis of the long bones are normal apart from the hips. Our child has a bilateral epiphyseal dysplasia of both proximal femoral epiphysis discovered incidentally at 11 months and confirmed later on at 8 years, associated with abnormalities of the superior margin of the vertebral bodies from T11 to L2. Very few similar cases have been reported anteriorly.

Child↗
PubMed1986

A recombinant IGF-1 analogue stimulates [3H]thymidine incorporation in human epiphyseal growth cartilage in vitro.

The effect of a recombinant analogue of IGF-1 on human cartilage of different ages has been investigated in vitro. Addition of 100 ng/ml IGF-1 to articular and epiphyseal growth plate cartilage (9 months to 16 years) resulted in an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation to a mean of 130 +/- 4% (SE) and 378 +/- 53% of controls, respectively. In costal and growth cartilage from normal fetuses of 15-18 weeks gestation, [3H]thymidine incorporation was increased to 119 +/- 3 and 133 +/- 11% of controls, respectively, when 100 ng/ml IGF-1 was added. The mitogenic effect of recombinant IGF-1 in vitro extends to human cartilage and is most notable in postnatal epiphyseal growth plate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Preliminary observations on epiphyseal growth rate in congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia after free vascularized fibular graft.

Observations were made on the growth rate of proximal and distal tibial epiphyseal growth plates in three children treated by free vascularized fibular grafts for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Postoperative measurements show that the distal tibial epiphysis can grow faster than the proximal epiphysis; the successful transfer of vascularized fibula may increase blood supply to the distal tibial epiphyseal plate, thus stimulating its growth.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

[Genetic study of eight cases of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda and its autosomal recessive transmission].

Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda is an hereditary disease of bone first described by Maroteaux in 1957. The disease affects only boys, then is transmitted on X-linked recessive pattern. The authors describe two tunisians families with 8 patients presenting clinical and radiologic symptoms resembling spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda but affecting both sexes. Autosomal recessive inheritance is probable in these families. Conclusion is that genetic heterogeneity of the disease must be precise.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Purification and partial characterization of alkaline phosphatase of matrix vesicles from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage. Purification by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography.

Alkaline phosphatase of matrix vesicles isolated from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage was purified to apparent homogeneity using monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. The enzyme from the butanol extract of matrix vesicles bound specifically to the immobilized antibody-Sepharose in the presence of 2% Tween 20 whereas the major portion of nonspecific protein was removed by this single step. Of various agents tested, 0.6 M 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, pH 10.2, was the most effective in eluting 80-100% of the enzyme initially applied. Both Tween 20 and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol associated with the eluted enzyme were effectively removed by the sequential application of DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme preparation treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate and mercaptoethanol showed the presence of a dominant band (using silver staining) corresponding to a molecular weight of 81,000. This molecular weight was nearer reported values for rat liver (Ohkubo, A., Langerman, N., and Kaplan, M. M. (1974) J. Biol Chem. 249, 7174-7180) and porcine kidney (Cathala, G., Brunel, C., Chapplet-Tordo, D., and Lazdunski, M. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6040-6045) alkaline phosphatase, than to previously reported values for chicken (Cyboron, G. W., and Wuthier, R. E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 7262-7268) and fetal calf (Fortuna, R., Anderson, H. C., Carty, R. P., and Sajdera, S. W. (1980) Calcif. Tissue Int. 30, 217-225) cartilage matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase. The purified alkaline phosphatase was activated by micromolar Mg2+. The amino acid composition of cartilage alkaline phosphatase was found to be similar to that previously described for porcine kidney (Wachsmuth, E. D., and Hiwada, K. (1974) Biochem. J. 141, 273-282). Double immunoprecipitation data indicated that monoclonal antibody against cartilage alkaline phosphatase cross-reacted with fetal bovine liver or kidney enzyme but failed to react with calf intestinal or rat cartilage enzyme. Thus these observations suggest that alkaline phosphatase of matrix vesicles from calcifying epiphyseal cartilage is a liver-kidney-bone isozyme.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Amino acid and glycosaminoglycan composition of epiphyseal cartilage of neonate and osteoporotic lambs.

The epiphyseal plates of neonate and healthy or osteoporotic 60-day-old lambs were analyzed chemically. Uronic acid was higher in 60-day-old healthy lamb than in neonates but galactosamine was higher in neonates than in 60-day-old healthy lambs. Fourteen of the 17 amino acids identified in the epiphyseal cartilage were higher or had a tendency to be higher in 60-day-old healthy lambs than in neonates. Lower levels of uronic acid were noted in 60-day-old osteoportic lambs than in healthy lambs of the same age.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Osteomyelitis of an epiphyseal region.

This case report involves the medical and surgical treatment of osteomyelitis of an epiphyseal region. No bone resection was performed. Rather, the patient was given a closed drainage system after incision and drainage of the affected part. Intravenous antibiotics singularly and in synergistic combination were provided throughout the 32-day hospital stay. The outcome showed that although there was early closure of the epiphyseal plate, a minimum of damage to the joint was evident after treatment. Although surgery appears to be the historical treatment of choice in osteomyelitis, conservative management of selected cases without resection of bone is a viable alternative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Fracture of the distal radial epiphysis. Characteristics and surgical treatment of premature, post-traumatic epiphyseal closure.

Wrist deformities developed in ten children secondary to injury of the growth plate and premature closure of the distal radial epiphysis. Premature closure of the growth plate followed epiphyseal compression injuries or repeated forceful attempts at reduction. These injuries should not require repeated reductions in children with epiphyseal remodeling potential of more than two years if the initial reduction achieves apposition of more than 50%. Gross deformity develops if the discrepancy between radial and ulnar lengths is more than 4 mm. Ulnar shortening and correction of the radiocarpal angle, as required, constitute the surgical treatment of choice for growth deformity.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Os trigonum syndrome in a patient with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia.

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (M.E.D.) is a rare, congenital, developmental condition characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities. Salient features of this condition are discussed. A case history is presented of a patient with os trigonum and coexisting M.E.D. The importance of weight reduction and control of excessive pronatory forces is emphasized in patients with M.E.D., thus reducing chronic microtrauma to foot structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Purification and initial characterization of intrinsic membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from chicken epiphyseal cartilage.

Alkaline phosphatase has been purified from microsomes of chicken epiphyseal cartilage by first selectively extracting certain adventitious proteins with 0.25 M trichloroacetate. The membrane-bound enzyme was then solubilized by 1% cholate in buffered 33% saturated ammonium sulfate and purified by column chromatography on Bio-Gel A-5m, extraction with 1-butanol, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Bio-Gel A. The purified alkaline phosphatase from the cartilage membrane had a subunit molecular weight of 53,000 and a holoenzyme weight of 207,000-220,000, indicating a tetramer. The pH optima for p-nitrophenylphosphate, ATP, and pyrophosphate hydrolysis were 10.3, 9.0, and 8.5, respectively. Values of Vmax (in micromoles/min/mg) were 220, 3.1, and 0.8, respectively. Substrate inhibition was pronounced at values of pH below 8.5. Inhibition of p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis at pH 10.3 showed that phosphate and arsenate were competitive inhibitors (KI = 1.88 and 0.15 mM, respectively) and levamisole was an uncompetitive inhibitor (KI = 0.32 mM), while L-phenylalanine and ZnCl2 were mixed inhibitors (KI = 15.8 and 0.02 mM, respectively). Inhibition by preincubation in 1 mM EDTA was reversible by readdition of 0.25 mM MgCl2 nd 20 microM ZnCl2. The data indicate that this membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase from chicken epiphyseal cartilage is a Zn2+ and possibly Mg2+-containing enzyme. While the subunit molecular weight and kinetic properties of the enzyme are quite typical of vertebrate alkaline phosphatases, the tightness of binding to the membrane lipids, the extreme sensitivity to substrate inhibition, and the tetrameric conformation of the holoenzyme are unusual.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1995

Zonal variations of types II, IX and XI collagen mRNAs in rat epiphyseal cartilage chondrocytes: quantitative evaluation of in situ hybridization by image analysis of radioautography.

The spatial-temporal distribution of the mRNAs for type IX and type XI collagens were compared to that of type II collagen mRNA in the tibial epiphyseal plate cartilage of normal growing rats. The mRNAs were detected by in situ hybridization with radio-labelled specific probes and visualized by radioautography. The areas covered by the resulting silver grains were quantified by computer assisted image analysis. The areas in chondrocytes of each zone of the epiphyseal plate cartilage, which correspond to the stages of chondrocyte development and function were determined. Types II, IX and XI mRNAs were present to some extent in chondrocytes of all zones. The distributions of type II and type IX collagen mRNAs were similar with the highest concentrations in the proliferative zone, and the lowest in the resting and calcifying zones chondrocytes. In contrast, type XI collagen mRNA had a different distribution, with the lowest concentration in the resting zone chondrocytes and a significant decrease in the calcifying zone chondrocytes. These patterns correlates with the changes in chondrocyte function, and may reflect the roles of the type IX and type XI collagens. The data show that computer assisted image analysis of in situ hybridization radioautographic images is a precise, rapid tool for analysing differences in gene expression.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy: description of a patient whose mother showed minimal features of the disease].

An 8-year-old male patient with Spondylo-Epiphyseal Tarda with Progressive Arthropathy (SEDT-PA) or Progressive Pseudo-rheumatoid Arthropathy of Childhood is reported. Abnormal gait, fatigability, and joint symptoms began at 3 years. Radiological changes were: generalized osteoporosis, platyspondyly, and enlarged epiphyses. The patient's mother showed reduced muscular massa, joint swelling, moderate osteoporosis, and normal vertebrae. SEDT-PA has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. In this case, as the propositus' mother showed minimal signs of the disease, either an X-linked trait or an autosomal dominant mutation with variable expressivity could also be assumed.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical demonstration of epidermal growth factor in chondrocytes of mouse femur epiphyseal plate.

The distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been studied immunohistochemically in chondrocytes of femur epiphyseal plate cartilage from adult mice. The chondrocytes of the resting and proliferating zones reacted positively, while those of maturing and calcifying zones showed a relatively weak reaction. The immunoreaction was observed over both the cytoplasm and nuclei of resting and proliferating chondrocytes and was prominent in the proliferating chondrocytes. These findings, taken together with the suggested synergistic action of EGF with other growth factors, raise the possibility that chondrocytes, particularly in the proliferating zone, participate in a regulatory mechanism by EGF on cell division and growth in the epiphyseal plate cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia, short limb, abnormal calcification type.

We report two sibs with typical clinical and radiological features of spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia, short limb abnormal calcification type. In both, the degree of calcification is more extensive than in the previously reported cases and involved all the epiphyses, ligaments and chondral tissues. Intelligence is normal in both children and the eldest is 8 years old with no complications. The literature is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Treatment of complex bicondylar fractures of the tibial plateau by semi-circular anterior diaphyseal-epiphyseal plate].

PURPOSE: One third of all tibial plateau fractures are bicondylar, and some of them have posterior separation and metaphyseal comminution. In these cases, it may be difficult to reconstruct at the same time tibial axis, bone continuity and articular surface. The authors propose a new method for the treatment of these fractures. METHOD: Reduction is facilitated by permanent extension using a transcalcaneal pin. Knee approach involves elevation of the anterior tibial tuberosity (ATT). The new plate used is available for each side. It presents an epiphyseal surrounding anterior part applied on the epiphysis above the ATT and a vertical part applied medially. All the separated fragments are temporarily stabilized by pins which are used to guide the definitive plate. For this an aiming plate duplicating the epiphyseal part of the definitive plate is used to insert the pins. Then, the definitive plate is slided without removing the pins. The pins also guide cannulated screws. MATERIAL AND RESULTS: Out of 32 tibial fractures treated from January 1994 to June 1996, 3 cases were operated on using this method. All 3 cases have a frontal separation fracture, cartilage depression and metaphyseal complex fracture. Perfect articular reconstitution, fusion and axis were obtained. A fourth case was a proximal tibial fracture, very close to a total knee prosthesis. DISCUSSION: Complex bicondylar fractures are one of the most difficult fractures to treat. Identification of the lesions should be envisioned before operation and especially the separated posterior fragments. The peroperative extension combined with the anterior approach with ATT elevation provided a complete view of intra articular fracture and correction of the axis. The semi-circular anterior plate allowed the fixation of all the fragments, and furthermore, the original procedure using temporary pins to guide the definitive plate has avoided to loose the reduction.

Bone Plates↗