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PubMed1986

Role and functions of the academic coordinator of clinical education in physical therapy education: a survey.

The Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education occupies a unique position in physical therapy education, often serving as the link between the didactic and the clinical domains of the program. A wealth of anecdotal information suggests the need for a more systematic study of the role and functions of the ACCE. A survey based on a self-administered questionnaire was sent to the ACCEs at 101 physical therapy education programs in the United States. A usable response rate of 79% was sufficient for the analysis. This study identifies some of the functions of the ACCEs, profiles their demographic characteristics, and describes the educational programs in which they work. The time ACCEs devote to participation in teaching, administrative, scholarly, and service activities is reported. In general, the ACCEs reported that the didactic and clinical curricula of their programs were well integrated.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Multidisciplinary education outcomes of the W.K. Kellogg Community Partnerships and Health Professions Education initiative.

This evaluation highlights several points to be considered by others instituting multidisciplinary approaches to health professions education. Community-based, multidisciplinary experiences appear to reinforce support students' interests in pursuing primary care careers. The multidisciplinary, community-based approach to health professions education did not affect academic learning. Project leaders and students reported no risks in terms of board scores between CPHPE students and others in traditional programs. The multidisciplinary, community-based approach to health professions education created opportunities at some sites for students to see "team medicine" in action. It was practical and helped students to understand how they could be more effective in their roles as opposed to competitive. Students require socialization within their own individual disciplines as well as socialization across disciplines. The differences in the structures of traditional health professions education schools interfered with the development of multidisciplinary contexts for learning at some sites. Campus faculty were not necessarily socialized to engage in multidisciplinary efforts. Their disciplines generally do not recognize and reward this behavior. Early and continuous faculty development may significantly help projects to improve communication and develop a better understanding of the contexts of curricular changes across disciplines. This evaluation was exploratory. Further research is needed to better understand what forms of multidisciplinary curriculum are most effective and economically feasible, what forms survive over time, and whether the intended final outcomes of the CPHPE initiative are achieved, not only with medical students but also with the other health professions students.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2005

Case based learning--a review of the literature: is there scope for this educational paradigm in prehospital education?

This paper discusses the findings of a literature review of case based learning (CBL) from a multidisciplinary health science education perspective and attempts to draw comparisons with the available literature relating to prehospital education and CBL.CBL is an exciting educational prospect in which to develop research capacity, strategies, and opportunities. This paper provides an examination of the literature exploring the major consistencies and inconsistencies, and reveals areas of potential future research for prehospital education institutions.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Development and evaluation of an educational software for pediatric nursing education].

Computer Science is being introduced in education at an accelerated pace, thus forcing educators and students to become familiarized with such technology. This study aimed at the development and evaluation of the educational software "Children and medication". The program utilizes multimedia resources in four topics: the child, medication, the person who administers and administration of medication. The evaluation showed a large acceptance of the program, with most of the items being rated as excellent. We emphasize the importance of the development of teaching strategies utilizing computer resources in nursing education and in the development of nurses for the new millenium.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Building community: developing skills for interprofessional health professions education and relationship-centered care. Interdisciplinary Health Education Panel of the National League for Nursing.

The restructuring of the health care system has raised numerous questions about the nursing work Force: Are we preparing too many nurses? Are nurses being prepared to work in a market-driven, managed care health delivery system? Should some schools be closed? Should enrollments be reduced? Should new kinds of programs be offered? As the 1993-1995 National League for Nursing Board of Governors struggled with policy decisions surrounding the preparation of the nursing work force for a restructured health care system, it was thought that such decisions needed to reflect a futuristic view of both health care and education. Specific questions about nursing education and the nursing work force could then be answered in terms of opportunities within that future. section Because of the complexity of nursing work force issues, the Board endorsed the creation of a President's Commission to address them. The Commission on a Workforce for a Restructured Health Care System was chaired by Richard Lamm, health reform advocate and the former Governor of Colorado. The final report of the Commission is available in its entirety on the NLN website (http:(/)/www.nln.org). Only the conclusions and recommendations are published here, starting on page 91. section In 1995, the NLN commissioned an interdisciplinary Health Education Panel to examine issues related to interdisciplinary education and make recommendations for future implementation. The Panel's work spanned 1995 through 1996. The final report of the panel is presented here and available on the NLN website.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1984

Educational imagery and the allied health educator.

Educational imagery is a classroom teaching methodology that allows students to mentally isolate themselves and to use their natural abilities to daydream or fantasize in ways that accomplish educational objectives. Educational imagery is used to facilitate decision making, clarify values, memorize, incorporate behavioral outcomes of teaching, and reinforce cognitive concepts. The technique can help allied health students prepare for the clinical setting. The behavioral components, ethical concerns, and decision making that will occur in the clinical setting can be rehearsed in the classroom before the actual experience by guiding students' imagination. This article describes the nature of imagery and its sources, describes how to implement the strategy in the classroom, and gives examples of educational imagery strategies for the allied health disciplines.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1996

Educational principles of community-based education.

Much of medical education remains teacher centered, as exemplified by the continued emphasis on lectures. Increasingly, however, the importance of the learner is being recognized and acknowledged in medical school curricula. The distinction between teaching and learning is also an issue for graduate medical education; accreditation bodies focus on programs and teaching, and credentialing bodies determine whether individuals have accomplished sufficient learning. The true mission of teaching is to facilitate learning, and adult learning is enhanced by four elements: respect, building on previous experiences, immediacy of application, and the opportunity to practice. These elements should be considered when designing educational experiences in the community. Educational planning includes five steps, represented by the mnemonic GNOME: goals, needs assessment, objectives, methods, and evaluation. Goals are broad aspirations, which are refined by the learners' needs to specific, measurable objectives. Methods are selected to match the objective, and evaluation determines whether the objectives were achieved. The results of the evaluation serve as another needs assessment, and the process continues until the goals are achieved. Throughout the process, the primary focus should be on the resident, with the program in a supporting role.

Humans↗

PubMed1977

Education for the optometric educator.

Optometric education is faced with the need for new thinking in developing and training educators and new methods of financing their education. Establishing of research faculty and the instituting of research in present schools of optometry must be given a high priority in the future of optometric education.

Faculty↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An interdisciplinary educational approach to assessing the health care and health educational needs of the elderly in a South Carolina community.

This article describes work from an allied health project grant that resulted in an interdisciplinary geriatric educational experience for health professions faculty and students (health information administration, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and health professions education) at an academic health sciences center. The educational experience centered on the process of designing, administering, and analyzing the results of a comprehensive needs assessment for clients attending a senior citizen center. This process enabled faculty and students to integrate education, service, and research activities into their curricula, and to work as an interdisciplinary team in assessing the health care needs of elderly adults in the community.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Utilization of special education services and educational attainment among long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current report was to compare the self-reported rates of special education (SE) and educational attainment among specific groups of childhood cancer survivors and a random sample of sibling controls. METHODS: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study is a retrospective cohort of individuals who were diagnosed with a cancer in childhood and survived at least 5 years postdiagnosis. This analysis includes 12,430 survivors and 3410 full siblings. Reported use of SE services and educational attainment were analyzed within subgroups defined by type of cancer, age at diagnosis, and type of treatment. RESULTS: The use of SE services was reported in 23% of survivors and 8% of siblings, with the greatest differences observed among survivors who were diagnosed before age 6 years, most notably survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors (odds ratio [OR], 18.8; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 15.01-23.49), leukemia (OR, 4.4; 95%CI, 3.75-5.16), and Hodgkin disease (OR, 4.4; 95%CI, 2.64-7.24). It was found that intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX) and cranial radiation (CRT), administered alone or in combination, significantly increased the likelihood that a survivor would use SE (IT MTX only: OR, 1.3; 95%CI, 1.09-1.78; CRT only: OR, 7.2; 95%CI, 6.14-8.39; IT MTX and CRT combined: OR, 2.6; 95%CI, 2.30-2.95). A positive dose response was identified between higher doses of CRT and use of SE. It was determined that survivors of leukemia (OR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.23-2.16), CNS tumors (OR, 2.7; 95%CI, 1.92-3.81), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR, 1.8; 95%CI, 1.15-2.78), and neuroblastoma (OR, 1.7; 95%CI, 1.14-2.61) were significantly less likely to finish high school compared with siblings; however, when survivors received SE services, risk estimates approximated those of the sibling SE population. CONCLUSIONS: Children who are diagnosed with cancer should be followed closely during and after treatment to identify early signs of learning disabilities and to maximize intervention strategies for the successful completion of scholastic goals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Collaboration between nurse educators in Australia and New Zealand extends educational opportunities for nurses.

This paper presents a case study style report of a collaborative endeavour between nursing faculty in two institutions, one in New Zealand and the other in Australia. Expertise developed and tested in New Zealand, in teaching through the distance education mode and in the subject area of nursing theory, was able to be applied to assist with establishing a new nursing education programme in Australia. What might have been treated simply as a consultancy situation had greater mutual benefit for all those concerned because of being approached within a collaborative framework. The purpose, process, pitfalls and rewards of the association are described with the hope that others may be stimulated to seek opportunities nationally, and internationally, for pooling resources in the interests of improving the quality and availability of advanced education in nursing.

Australia↗

PubMed1984

Teaching health education in medical education: selected perspectives.

Growing awareness of the need to incorporate prevention and psychosocial considerations into medical care practice has led to the inclusion of formal health education curricula in medical schools and residency programs. This paper examines the role of health education in medical education from several perspectives: an historical background, a review of the literature, and a characterization of current programs in the United States.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2006

Pathways to alcohol use among Dutch students in regular education and education for adolescents with behavioral problems: the role of parental alcohol use, general parenting practices, and alcohol-specific parenting practices.

The present study explored the role of parents' alcohol use, general parenting practices (support and behavioral control), and alcohol-specific parenting practices (alcohol-specific rule enforcement and alcohol availability at home) on adolescent alcohol use. Structural equation analyses were performed on cross-sectional data from adolescents who received special education because of behavioral problems (n=411) and from adolescents who received regular education (n=428). The main findings show that alcohol-specific parenting practices appear to be highly important in regulating adolescent alcohol use. Parental alcohol use was related to alcohol-specific rule enforcement and alcohol availability at home. Behavioral control was also related to alcohol-specific rule enforcement. Furthermore, the relationships between parental alcohol use, parenting practices, and adolescent alcohol use did not appear to differ substantially for students in special and regular education.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

The Living with Cancer Education Programme. I. Development of an Australian education and support programme for cancer patients and their family and friends.

After a diagnosis of cancer, patients and their families and friends experience a significant need for information about the illness, treatment and prognosis, as well as support. Structured education and support group-based programmes play a major role in meeting these needs. Following a needs assessment in 1985, the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria (ACCV), Australia, initiated development of the Living With Cancer Education Programme (LWCEP), a structured 8-week group programme providing education and support for people with cancer and their families and friends. This paper provides an historical overview of the LWCEP, as well as an outline of the programme aims, structure, content and delivery. Recent developments and future directions are also discussed. These include adaptation of the programme for individuals with advanced or recurrent cancer, modification of the programme structure and revision of the evaluation methodology.

Australia↗

PubMed2001

Guidelines for cardiac sonographer education: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography Sonographer Training and Education Committee.

In 1992, the American Society of Echocardiography published a report of the Sonographer Education and Training Committee's recommendations for education of sonographers who perform echocardiographic procedures. Since the publication of the original document, there has been continual progress in technology with the development of more sophisticated diagnostic applications that allow more information to be obtained from echocardiographic procedures. These recent changes in the clinical application of echocardiography should be included in all cardiac sonographer education programs. The American Society of Echocardiography, a professional society that currently represents approximately 2500 cardiac sonographers, provides these updated guidelines.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Representative survey of dental students about the present state of education, PC equipment and configuration requirements for a net-based dental education system.

A representative survey of 130 dental students revealed that the necessary conditions for using net-based education systems seem to exist, as 99% of all students have access to a PC, of which most (78%) own one. As most of them use the PC at least several times a week, they seem to be adequately skilled to deal with hard- and software. Internet and emailing are the most commonly used features of the PC after text documentation, therefore it can be inferred that almost all computers have Internet access. The students' requirements for the planned net-based dental education system are case documentation, multimedia documented work-flows, checklists related to workflows, a training tool for prosthetic therapy planning, practical advice and films about dental treatment methods, timetables and discussion fora. The net-based dental education system can support private study but may also be used for seminars in small groups.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Screening Internet websites for educational potential in undergraduate medical education.

This paper addresses the difficulty of finding suitable websites to support undergraduate medical students in learning key concepts and skills in plastic surgery in particular, and other areas of undergraduate medical education in general. Based on a model of the pedagogical elements contained in educational websites, the authors developed a short objective scoring system with five criteria. Pre-university students were used to find websites in plastic surgery. One hundred and fifty of those that were still in place after a year were evaluated using the objective scoring system. Sixty of these were then selected and were subjectively evaluated by final year medical students in terms of their perceived educational potential. There was only a moderate correlation between the objective and subjective scores. Our conclusion is that it does not seem possible to construct any objective system of medical website evaluation. The discussion of the results of this study focuses on the issues involved in finding suitable web-based material and the diversity between students. New strategies such as formally organized consortia involving agreements between medical schools may evolve.

Education, Distance↗

PubMed1984

Educational achievement of nurses who completed the nursing education and the nursing administration certificate courses of the Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1958-1975.

This paper describes the educational activity of a group of 149 nurse teachers and administrators following completion of the nursing education and nursing administration certificate courses of the University of Edinburgh (1958-1975). The data were obtained by a postal questionnaire and three particular types of courses reported by the respondents are discussed. Emphasis is given to the analysis involving degree courses as this was a prominent educational activity, especially among nurse teachers. The conclusion discusses the potential of an all graduate nurse teacher group and suggests some implications for the nursing profession.

Achievement↗