Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Delaware”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Matrix gene of influenza a viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds: ecology and emergence of influenza a viruses.

Wild aquatic birds are the primary reservoir of influenza A viruses, but little is known about the viruses' gene pool in wild birds. Therefore, we investigated the ecology and emergence of influenza viruses by conducting phylogenetic analysis of 70 matrix (M) genes of influenza viruses isolated from shorebirds and gulls in the Delaware Bay region and from ducks in Alberta, Canada, during >18 years of surveillance. In our analysis, we included 61 published M genes of isolates from various hosts. We showed that M genes of Canadian duck viruses and those of shorebird and gull viruses in the Delaware Bay shared ancestors with the M genes of North American poultry viruses. We found that North American and Eurasian avian-like lineages are divided into sublineages, indicating that multiple branches of virus evolution may be maintained in wild aquatic birds. The presence of non-H13 gull viruses in the gull-like lineage and of H13 gull viruses in other avian lineages suggested that gulls' M genes do not preferentially associate with the H13 subtype or segregate into a distinct lineage. Some North American avian influenza viruses contained M genes closely related to those of Eurasian avian viruses. Therefore, there may be interregional mixing of the two clades. Reassortment of shorebird M and HA genes was evident, but there was no correlation among the HA or NA subtype, M gene sequence, and isolation time. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that influenza viruses in wild waterfowl contain distinguishable lineages of M genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A population-based study of neuroblastoma incidence, survival, and mortality in North America.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to provide a population-based estimate of neuroblastoma incidence, disease stage and age distribution, and survival and mortality rates in North America; and (2) to compare these figures in the province of Quebec at a time shortly before the institution of province-wide screening with those in a population-based control group, the Greater Delaware Valley (GDV) Pediatric Tumor Registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Quebec, the four major pediatric teaching hospital records were searched for children with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma. Tumor board registry data and information supplied to the Division of Vital Statistics were also reviewed. Birth statistics were obtained from the population registry. The GDV Pediatric Tumor Registry is a population-based registry of pediatric cancer covering all of Delaware and parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. Age, stage of disease, and follow-up data were obtained through December 31, 1989, with Evans neuroblastoma staging data used for all comparisons. RESULTS: One hundred thirty children with neuroblastoma were identified in Quebec and 165 in the GDV, in a combined population of 3,178,736 children. The annual incidence of neuroblastoma was 10.95/10(6) under the age of 15 years and 27.75/10(6) between the ages of 0 and 4 years. The annual mortality rate due to neuroblastoma was 4.89/10(6) and 9.10/10(6) for the age groups 0 to 14 and 0 to 4, respectively. The overall 10-year survival rate for the 295 cases of neuroblastoma was 55%. The 10-year survival rates for patients with Evans stage I-IV and IVS disease were 88%, 90%, 63%, 21%, and 81%. There was no significant difference observed in the incidence, mortality, or survival in the two populations. CONCLUSION: These data represent the first large, population-based description of the clinical presentation and outcome of patients with neuroblastoma in North America, with no significant differences noted between Quebec patients and the GDV patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A recombination event, induced in ovo, between a low passage infectious bronchitis virus field isolate and a highly embryo adaptedvaccine strain.

The possibility of genomic recombination among different strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was examined in eve by coinfecting specific pathogen free embryonating chicken eggs with commonly used, embryo-adapted vaccine strains of IBV (Arkansas, Massachusetts, and Connecticut), and a Delaware-072-like field virus isolated from a layer farm in Minnesota. Recombination was observed between th e Massachusetts and the Delaware-072-like strains of the virus. The recombination event was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a combination of specific primers designed to flank a known recombination hot spot of the viral genomic sequence that codes for the S1 subunit of the spike envelope protein. The use of these primers allowed the detection of viruses that have undergone recombination around this hot spot. Cloning and sequencing of the RT-PCR product obtained was performed to confirm these results.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cluster analysis of contaminated sediment data: nodal analysis.

The objective of the present study was to explore the use of multivariate statistical methods as a means to discern relationships between contaminants and biological and/or toxicological effects in a representative data set from the National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program. Data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NS&T Program's Bioeffects Survey of Delaware Bay, USA, were examined using various univariate and multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis. Each approach identified consistent patterns and relationships between the three types of triad data. The analyses also identified factors that bias the interpretation of the data, primarily the presence of rare and unique species and the dependence of species distributions on physical parameters. Sites and species were clustered with the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages clustering with the Jaccard coefficient that clustered species and sites into mutually consistent groupings. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients, normalized for salinity, also were clustered. The most informative analysis, termed nodal analysis, was the intersection of species cluster analysis with site cluster analysis. This technique produced a visual representation of species association patterns among site clusters. Site characteristics, such as salinity and grain size, not contaminant concentrations, appeared to be the primary factors determining species distributions. This suggests the sediment-quality triad needs to use physical parameters as a distinct leg from chemical concentrations to improve sediment-quality assessments in large bodies of water. Because the Delaware Bay system has confounded gradients of contaminants and physical parameters, analyses were repeated with data from northern Chesapeake Bay, USA, with similar results.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of poultry fertility data.

Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) hens were inseminated intravaginally with spermatozoa from either SCWL or subfertile Delaware roosters in three replicate fertility trials. Overall fertility was analyzed with a log odds model following logit transformation. Duration of fertility was analyzed by iterative least squares. Hens inseminated with spermatozoa from SCWL males laid a higher proportion of fertilized eggs over a longer interval than those inseminated with spermatozoa from affected Delawares. Log-odds and logistic models may have advantages over the more traditional methods of evaluation. This is particularly true in regard to the distribution and normalization of error variances via the logit transformation and removal of nonadditivity via logistic regression.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of poultry fertility data. 2. Comparison of long- and short-term fertility trials.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of egg collection interval on interpretation of fertility trial results. Low-fertility (LF) and randombred (RB) Delaware hens were inseminated with spermatozoa from LF or RB Delaware roosters. Three replicate trials were performed for each cross. Eggs were collected for 21 days following insemination. Fertility was analyzed with a log odds model following logit transformation. Separate analyses were performed on data collected throughout the first 7 days and the entire egg collection interval. Duration of fertility over the 21-day interval was analyzed by iterative least squares. Whereas the 21-day egg collection interval afforded detection of differences between males and between females, no differences were observed following analysis of data from the 7-day interval. Differences in reproductive efficiency also were detected when data were analyzed by iterative least squares. Thus, the value of a fertility trial is, in part, determined by the length of the egg collection interval.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Corticosterone and growth hormone levels in shorebirds during spring and fall migration stopover.

Large numbers of shorebirds stop over at Delaware Bay during spring migration and undergo major mass increases within a two- to three-week period. We studied plasma levels of corticosterone and growth hormone in three species of migrants that use this site, sanderlings, Calidris alba, semipalmated plovers, Charadrius semipalmatus, and semipalmated sandpipers, Calidris pusilla. Semipalmated sandpipers were also studied at a fall migration stopover in Manomet, Massachusetts. These two hormones were chosen because they modulate the physiological processes of lipogenesis/lipolysis and promote increased feeding in birds. The stress response was not suppressed in the shorebirds studied, and plasma levels of corticosterone were elevated compared to other studies. We believe that the high levels of corticosterone relate to the rapid fat deposition that takes place at this stop-over site. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma growth hormone and body mass, indicating the lipolytic effects of the growth hormone. Because the lighter birds are recent arrivals to Delaware Bay they may have elevated plasma growth because of fat breakdown during flight to this stop-over site. High levels of growth hormone may also result in protein synthesis, replenishing tissues broken down during the previous migratory bout. J. Exp. Zool. 284:645-651, 1999.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Variations in teenage activities with and without a driver's license.

High school students were surveyed every 6 months from their freshman through senior years concerning licensing, driving, and transportation to and from their various activities. Students in Delaware (learner's permit can be issued at age 15 years, 10 months; driver's license at age 16) were compared with students in Connecticut and New York (permit at age 16; license at age 16) and in New Jersey (license at age 17). During the junior year, most Delaware students, some New York and Connecticut students, and few New Jersey students were licensed. However, even during the junior year, students in the respective states did not differ significantly with respect to time spent at activities such as a paying job, homework, watching television, dating, parties, being with friends, talking on the phone, or participating in sports or school activities. Graduated licensing systems can delay full-privilege teenage licensure and reduce teenage crash rates. These systems also can increase the number of times parents and others must drive. However, the present study's results indicate that licensing delays of as much as 1 year have minimal effects on the nondriving activities of high school students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The social impact of medicine. Chapter 1.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. It will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed2003

What's wrong with executive compensation? A roundtable moderated by Charles Elson.

The value that many superpaid CEO superstars supposedly created has largely disappeared, and the likelihood that it will be recovered anytime soon seems remote. On top of that, a good number of top executives treated their companies like ATMs, awarding themselves millions of dollars in corporate perks. It's hard to dispute the idea that executives were corrupted by the sums of money dangled in front of them. What's wrong with executive compensation, and what can we do about it? HBR and the University of Delaware's Center for Corporate Governance convened a round-table of compensation experts last October on the university's campus in Newark, Delaware. The 12 panelists, from CEOs to investors, from the professionals who advise them to a chief justice who rules on their disputes, provided an extraordinary diversity of viewpoints. The panelist began by debating ways to align the interests of the senior executives with the long-term interests of the company-weighing the relative benefits of stock options versus stock grants, for instance. But the discussion expanded to cover broader questions of corporate governance and company values. "The main reason compensation increases every year is that most boards want their CEO to be in the top half of the CEO peer group," said Ed Woolard,Jr., a former CEO of DuPont. And compensation lawyer Joe Bachelder pointed out the danger of structuring pay in such a way that it dampens risk taking among executives. It was a lively and wide-ranging discussion of one business's most pressing issues.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2004

The social impact of medicine--Chapter 16.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography. It is not an original paper. This paper will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2004

The social impact of medicine. Chapter 17.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography. It is not an original paper. This paper will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMed2004

The social impact of medicine--Chapter 19.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography. It is not an original paper. This paper will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed2004

The social impact of medicine--chapter 20.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography. It is not an original paper. This paper will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2004

The social impact of medicine--chapter 23.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography. It is not an original paper. This paper will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed2004

The social impact of medicine--Chapter 24.

This paper, an overview of medical history, is based on a course I taught at the University of Delaware's Academy of Life Long Learning, "Medicine, the Old and the New." It will not be a chronology of medical events and discoveries, but a discussion of the social aspects of medicine, how medicine affected the everyday lives of people, from the religion-based medicine of antiquity to the super-scientific medicine of today. This paper is a compilation of other historical papers including, but not limited to, those listed in the accompanying bibliography. It is not an original paper. This paper will consist of 25 chapters. Dr. Peter V. Rocca, Editor-in-Chief of the Delaware Medical Journal (DMJ), is planning to publish one chapter in each successive issue of the DMJ.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An infectious bronchitis virus isolated from chickens experiencing a urolithiasis outbreak. I. In vitro characterization studies.

An infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain isolated from commercial layers experiencing urolithiasis was 50-100 nm in size and possessed widely spaced, club-shaped surface projections. It was sensitive to lipid solvents and exhibited responses characteristic of IBV when exposed to heat, divalent cations, and trypsin. Reciprocal virus-neutralization tests demonstrated it to be closely related to Gray, JMK, Delaware 2868, and Delaware 2897 strains of IBV.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Regulation and guidelines toward a healthy child-care setting.

States can make a strong investment in creating a healthy child-care setting by developing coordinated career development systems for child-care practitioners. The licensing agency must be involved and is the logical agency to administer the system. Through a project entitled "Delaware First. Again," Delaware became the first in the country to develop a plan for a comprehensive, coordinated statewide early care and education career system. The project is directed by the Office of Child Care Licensing with consultation from Gwen Morgan and Joan Costley of Wheelock College and Nancy Brown of North Carolina State University. The focus on training and career development will prove to be a cost efficient and effective method for states to substantially improve the health and safety of children in child care and will provide advocacy for stronger licensing requirements. Long-term improvement will only accrue with corresponding substantial improvement in the wages and other employee benefits for the people who work with our children. In summary, regulation and guidelines can play an increasingly larger role in creating a healthy child-care setting. There is much to be done at the national, state, and local levels to accomplish this goal. With continued strong advocacy and a coordinated effort, the goal can be met.

Certification↗