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PubMed2001

Catecholamines and opioid peptides increase in plasma in humans during possession trances.

Naturally induced possession trances have been observed in healthy people of many societies. The neurophysiological basis of this phenomenon remains unknown, however, because of the difficulty in accessing subjects in trances due to their sacred context. In the present study, we measured the plasma levels of several neuroactive substances from subjects exhibiting or lacking possession trance characteristics during Balinese dedicatory dramas under natural conditions. The trance group exhibited significant increases in plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine and beta-endorphin, compared with controls who performed the same actions as the trance group. The present finding suggests that catecholamines and opioid peptides are involved in possession trances.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Literature & medicine: humanities at the heart of health care: a hospital-based reading and discussion program developed by the maine humanities council.

Created by the Maine Humanities Council in 1997, Literature & Medicine: Humanities at the Heart of Health Care is a hospital-based humanities reading and discussion program for practicing health care professionals. To date, a total of 25 (65%) of Maine's hospitals have implemented the six-month program at least once, reaching over 900 participants. At the monthly meetings, participants discuss assigned readings-works of fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction that illuminate issues central to caring for people. Scholars selected to facilitate the discussion foster nonhierarchical, wide-ranging discussions of the texts. Participants connect the world of science with the world of lived experience and engage with humanistic perspectives and insights that help them do their work better. Literature & Medicine is unique in promoting statewide programs that involve a heterogeneous mix of veteran health care professionals. The program has been or will be implemented in seven other states, and organizers are exploring further expansion of the program through a national institute.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

The Institute for the Medical Humanities of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB) was established in June 1973 to ensure that humanities teaching and research became an integral part of the education of future scientists and health-care professionals at UTMB. The multidisciplinary faculty of the Institute-who currently represent the disciplines of art, drama, history, law, literature, philosophy, and religious studies-teach in all four years of the undergraduate medical curriculum as well as in various residency programs. In addition to its focus on students and residents in the School of Medicine, the Institute has a vibrant graduate program in medical humanities with several joint degree options, including an MD/MA and an MD/PhD program, and the Institute has always included the School of Nursing, the School of Allied Health Sciences, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences in its activities. After 30 years, the Institute's commitment to health-professional education remains strong and enduring. Challenged by major curriculum reform in the School of Medicine and increasingly tight state budgets, Institute faculty members look forward to continued collaboration with their basic science and clinical colleagues to improve our evolving curriculum and to seek research funding from external sources.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

The impact of attending a behavioural intervention on HIV incidence in Masaka, Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: Changing behaviour is an important method for preventing HIV infection. We examined why a community randomized trial of a behavioural intervention found no significant effect of this on HIV incidence in rural Uganda. DESIGN: An individual-level analysis of a community randomized trial. METHODS: All sexually active, initially HIV-seronegative individuals with data on sexual behaviour were included (1558 men and 1836 women). Uptake of the intervention was measured using self-reported attendance at meetings, videos, dramas, and interactions with community educators in the past year. Sexual behaviour was assessed using self-reported condom use and the number of sexual partners in the past year. RESULTS: Overall, 81% of individuals in the intervention communities and 9% in the comparison communities reported attending at least one of the intervention activities in the past year. Attendance was lower in women, in those aged 55 years or older, and in the widowed. There was a lower HIV incidence in those who reported attending at least one intervention activity compared with those who attended none, and in women this effect was statistically significant (in women, adjusted rate ratio 0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.89, P = 0.024; in men, adjusted rate ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.25-1.79, P = 0.42). Reported behaviour change did not differ markedly between those who did and did not report attending any intervention activities. CONCLUSION: Although the intervention had no significant benefit in the communities as a whole, it resulted in a reduced risk of HIV acquisition in women who attended it. The methodological implications for future trials are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nature of bone carbonate.

Models of the bone salt and its synthetic analogues have been strenuously, and sometimes emotionally debated since the late nineteenth century. The main protagonist in the drama is the ubiquitous CO3=ion whose role has never been clearly understood. Initially regarded as an essential part of the calcium phosphate crystal complex, it came to be dubiously designated as a separate phase CaCO3, as an adsorbed ion, or even as a mere contaminant. More recent studies provide evidence that the original impression may be more nearly correct. Of particular interest in defining the role of CO3= in bone are the reactions involved in the formation of CO3-apatite under conditions approximating the physiological. These observations suggest that the synthesis of bone mineral involves hydrolysis of an initial acidic calcium phosphate precipitate to octacalcium phosphate, which is then converted to octacalcium phosphate carbonate (OCPC) by virtue of the replacement of PO4 identical to (HPO4=) by CO3=. OCPC satisfies many criteria for a satisfactory definition of the nature of the bone mineral. It can explain its solubility behavior and the intrinsic relationship between PO4 identical to (HPO4=) and CO3=, the normal variations in bone composition, the sequence of events in bone mineral maturation, and the loss of CO3= under normal and pathological conditions.

Apatites↗
PubMed2001

The role of the radiation safety specialist as witness: risk communication with attorneys, judges, and jurors.

As nuclear workers and members of the public continue to fear radiation in this litigious society, specialists in radiation safety will often be called upon as experts to explain the significance of radiation exposures or as fact witnesses to explain radiation safety practices. Radiation risk communication with attorneys, judges, and jurors presents special challenges to the communication skills of health physicists. Your role as the radiation specialist is to present testimony, either in the form of a deposition or as a trial witness, in a way that a judge or jury can understand. As a specialist in radiation safety, you will also need to educate the attorney that you work with so that he or she can ask the right questions and defend challenges in the case. The way that you communicate to attorneys, judges, and jurors could have a great impact on the case's outcome. As a radiation specialist, your testimony is not only to present the scientific basis for radiation health risks, but also to persuade the judge or jurors in the direction of the desired outcome of the case. Insights from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator show that judges and jurors are most likely persuaded by "Sensing" language that is specific, detailed, measurable, and verifiable with their five senses. Thus, the conceptual, abstract, and theoretical "Intuitive" language often favored by radiation experts may not be understood or appreciated by a judge or jurors. They may also prefer the more personal, empathetic, and caring "Feeling" language rather than the impersonal, logical, and analytical "Thinking" language favored by health physicists. People's feelings about radiation risks are a big factor in radiation cases and providing testimony to address feeling-based conclusions requires a very different communication approach than normally used by health physicists. An understanding of language preferences can be crucial for effective communication with attorneys, judges, and jurors. These insights are derived from the author's experience as a communication specialist and as a radiation expert for the plaintiffs in two radon cases. This paper also provides insights into the qualifications for serving as an expert or fact witness, preparation for a trial, presenting testimony, the courtroom as drama, and the best language modes for persuasive communications with judges and jurors.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Are you in control of the method or is the method in control of you?

The starting point for this article is the concept that there is a risk in slavishly adhering to one particular method in nursing education. With this approach in mind, the aim was to examine the use of an educational model with drama in relation to Gadamer's idea of method, as well as to discuss the conditions for lifeworld dialogues in learning encounters.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed1976

Improving student understanding and management of patients through role-playing and video taping.

A teaching program that uses video tape and simulated patients assists the student in developing skills necessary for good professional relationships with patients and augments the student's ability in patient inverviewing and effective interview behavior. Role-playing by selected drama students and community theatre actors involves common problems encountered in the optometrist's office and management of problem patients (angry, aggressive, shy, withdrawn, talkative, flirt, hypocondriac, etc.).

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Metabolic disorders in children.

This year has seen major progress in gene therapy, particularly that directed to the liver. Genes have been characterized for Wilson's disease, Krabbe's disease, Canavan's disease, adrenoleukodystrophy, glucose-6-phosphatase, and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Moreover, the identification of common mutations in many conditions promises to help with diagnosis and genetic counseling. The drama of progress in molecular biology can easily overshadow other research, but the application of tandem mass spectrometry to neonatal screening is a major advance. Other important papers concern the use of Lorenzo's oil in adrenoleukodystrophy and revised dietary recommendations for the treatment of phenylketonuria. This review focuses predominantly on diseases that affect the brain, but important advances in other conditions have been included.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed2003

Update in podocyte biology: putting one's best foot forward.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapidly developing field of podocyte cell biology is reviewed, focusing on papers published in the last 12 months. RECENT FINDINGS: Four areas of particular progress can be discerned. First, podocytes proliferate during early metanephric development, are quiescent after the capillary loop stage, and re-enter the cell cycle only in the disease group termed collapsing glomerulopathy. We have learned that control of the podocyte cell cycle involves both expression of cell-cycle regulating proteins and the process of cytokinesis. Second, the podocyte slit diaphragm is the final component of the filtration barrier. The structure and maintenance of the slit diaphragm has been a major focus of research activity, and a multiplicity of relevant molecular interactions have been defined. Significant advances have been made in understanding the complex and interacting role of nephrin and podocin mutations in the genesis of clinical glomerular disease. Third, several proteins essential to controlling discrete podocyte transcriptional programs have been defined. Finally, conditionally-immortalized podocyte cell lines, derived from mouse and human tissue, have proven their worth as models to advance investigations of podocyte biology. SUMMARY: Podocyte injury occurs as a consequence of genetic mutation, immunological injury, viral infection, or abnormal hemodynamic forces within the glomerulus. As we understand more about the podocyte proteome and cell biology, we gain an increasingly detailed molecular understanding of podocyte structure and function. In this drama we have many molecular players and increasing stretches of molecular dialogue, but the script remains largely to be deciphered. Nevertheless, we do understand the consequences that arise when the podocyte cannot put its best foot (processes) forward.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Health promotion and partnerships: collaboration of a community health management center, county health bureau, and university nursing program.

Effective partnerships were established between a community health management center, a county health bureau and a university nursing program. A health fair was undertaken to heighten public health awareness through the collaboration of these various agencies. In this research, formative, process, and summative evaluations were conducted to determine the benefits of partnerships. Elements evaluated included the planning process, health fair relevancy, integration of community resources, participants satisfaction and knowledge acquisition, and partnership satisfaction. The samples of this study included (1) 529 adult participants who completed the on-site evaluation questionnaires; (2) 1,090 child participants who returned gift-reward cards; (3) 114 partners who gave written feedback on their satisfaction; and (4) 57 third-year and 16 fourth-year undergraduate nursing student participants. Data was collected from the evidence report of the Department of Health, the project proposal, activity protocols, meeting records, the project final report, students term papers, and questionnaires. The chief administrator of the County Health Bureau was very impressed with the creative exhibits in the fair and, therefore, invited a coalition to continue further workshops. Seventeen educational exhibits, two dance programs and two drama programs related to health issues were demonstrated in the fair. Resources from community organizations were successfully integrated and allocated. Community participants expressed satisfaction with the fair and anticipated similar activities in the future. Participants revealed more than 80% accuracy in health knowledge quizzes. The senior nursing students highlighted their interaction with the community, community health nurses, and health volunteers. Community-based health promotion and nursing education can be successfully connected when various disciplines and sectors form effective partnerships.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

A case study of the suicide of Luis Mendès France, in Bordeaux, in 1695.

After being condemned and imprisoned in Lisbon by the Portuguese Inquisition, Luis Mendes de Franca exiled himself in late 1683 to France, where his descendants adopted the family name Mendes France. In 1695, at the age of 55 years, Luis Mendes committed suicide in Bordeaux by a pistol shot that decapitated him. The inquest conducted at that time concluded that Luis Mendes was insane and thus not guilty of the crime of suicide. We hypothesize that he used a flint stone-type pistol loaded with an extraordinarily large quantity of black gunpowder. Using available information on historic firearms, ammunition, and powder, coupled with the preserved testimony of historic figures, we propose a reconstruction of this drama and a diagnostic approach to the psychiatric aspects of the suicide.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed2003

Abstraction and art.

In a given social context, artistic creation comprises a set of processes, which relate to the activity of the artist and the activity of the spectator. Through these processes we see and understand that the world is vaster than it is said to be. Artistic processes are mediated experiences that open up the world. A successful work of art expresses a reality beyond actual reality: it suggests an unknown world using the means and the signs of the known world. Artistic practices incorporate the means of creation developed by science and technology and change forms as they change. Artists and the public follow different processes of abstraction at different levels, in the definition of the means of creation, of representation and of perception of a work of art. This paper examines how the processes of abstraction are used within the framework of the visual arts and abstract painting, which appeared during a period of growing importance for the processes of abstraction in science and technology, at the beginning of the twentieth century. The development of digital platforms and new man-machine interfaces allow multimedia creations. This is performed under the constraint of phases of multidisciplinary conceptualization using generic representation languages, which tend to abolish traditional frontiers between the arts: visual arts, drama, dance and music.

Art↗
PubMed2002

Personality and close relationships: embedding people in important social contexts.

This special issue of the Journal of Personality is predicated on the assumption that close relationships provide the central stage for the drama of human experience. This all-important context both shapes and conditions the expression of personality, and thus must play an integral role in any truly adequate account of human behavior. The importance of this agenda is perhaps overshadowed only by its difficulty. Contributions to the present issue, therefore, take stock of past research, highlight current state-of-the-art research, and offer a vision of the next generation of research on personality and close relationships. The conceptual and methodological approaches highlighted in this issue remain faithful to the dynamic, interdependent, and multilayered nature of the processes linking personality and close relationships.

Interpersonal Relations↗
PubMed2002

School-based indicated prevention: a randomised trial of group therapy.

BACKGROUND: One hundred and twenty-two children identified by teachers as at risk for behavioural or emotional problems were randomly allocated to drama-group therapy or to a curriculum-studies control, based in school. METHODS: One hundred and seventeen completed the intervention phase of the trial, which comprised 12 hour-long sessions. Post-intervention self-reports showed significant effects associated with both interventions. RESULTS: However, there was a clear advantage of group therapy over both a waiting list control and curriculum studies, according to teacher reports. This was true also of categorical analyses focusing on those with the most severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses confirmed sustained teacher-reported improvement over a year-long follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Who's afraid of the Wolfe couple: the interlocking traumatic scene.

Fulfilling intimate relationships require a constant emotional and psychological struggle to disentangle strangleholds created by the interpenetration of unresolved complexes stemming from previous disappointing relational experiences. These complexes may manifest as an encrypted pattern of engagement that each partner brings to the marriage, like a 'malignant dowry'. The dowry box, once opened, releases its nefarious contents to create an extremely complex and entangled drama I call the 'interlocking traumatic scene'. Partners unconsciously entrap each other to play a part in such a scene with double (sometimes multiple) roles for each antagonist. The imaginal space between the two characters can be seen as a projection screen, upon which are superimposed two separate shadow plays, one on each side of the screen. A third play, which is a co-created product of these two individual traumatic scenes, can also be observed. Three plays are performed simultaneously. The defensive systems that the two individuals bring to the equation dovetail together, but the actual interlocking mechanism itself deadlocks in such a way that it seems to have its own malignant presence, a 'malevolent third' (after Ogden 1994). I outline therapeutic interventions using the metaphor of the therapist as 'anti-director' and I introduce my concept of the conjoint selected fact (after Bion 1963 after Poincaré 1952).

Fantasy↗
PubMed2004

How family planning ideas are spread within social groups in rural Malawi.

Using data from in-depth interviews conducted between March and June 2002 in a rural district of Malawi, this study explores how family planning attitudes and practices spread among members of social groups. Gender differentials are found in how people determine other group members' practices: Men "knew" about such practices from their observations of others' family size and child spacing, whereas women's knowledge was based on their conversations with other women. The discussion topics relating to family planning also varied by sex: Men spoke about the pros and cons of limiting family size, whereas women spoke in detail about types of contraceptive methods, where to get them, their side effects, and covert contraceptive use. For men and women, the main trigger for family planning discussions was gossip. Whereas, generally, women first heard about family planning at the hospital, men stated that their first source of information was the radio or health-drama group.

Adult↗