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PubMed1986

In vivo bovine enamel remineralization and fluoride uptake from two dentifrices containing different fluoride concentrations.

In this study, the differences in lesion remineralization and fluoride uptake after brushing with a 300 ppm F or a 1000 ppm F dentifrice (as NaF) were investigated. Twenty volunteers with partial dentures in their lower jaws were divided into two groups. Bovine enamel slabs with artificial lesions were mounted in the dentures. After a test period of six weeks, the slabs were taken out and analyzed. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups, in F-uptake and susceptibility of the enamel to demineralization, although the findings favored the 1000 ppm F toothpaste. The microradiograms in the 300 ppm F group showed lesions more pronounced than those in the 1000 ppm group. The present study cannot support the presumption that the fluoride content of regular NaF dentifrices can be lowered to 300 ppm F without undesirable effects on lesion arrest and remineralization.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of dietary and dentifrice effects upon calculus accumulation rates in the domestic ferret.

Most animal models for the study of calculus accumulation and control currently use rodents or dogs. In an effort to overcome limitations inherent in the use of these species, we investigated calculus formation in domestic ferrets, a species used by King et al. in the 1940's and 1950's. Ferrets are much smaller than dogs, and, unlike rodents, can be scored while alive. In this study, we examined the kinetics of calculus formation in female ferrets fed with moist canned cat food--either plain or supplemented with sucrose--and two combinations of mineral salts. An additional group given supplemented cat food was treated twice daily with regular Crest toothpaste. Animals were sedated with a 1:1 mixture of ketamine and xylazine solutions and given a mechanical prophylaxis prior to the trial period, then scored for area and extent of calculus accumulation at two, four, six, and eight weeks thereafter. The data showed that the mineral-supplemented groups accumulated calculus at a significantly faster rate than the unsupplemented or dentifrice-treated groups, but the differences were no longer significant at eight weeks. This demonstrated that the ferret is a suitable model for the study of calculus, that dietary mineral content influenced calculogenesis, and that the application of regular dentifrice initially slowed, but did not prevent, calculus accumulation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Remineralization and demineralization in situ from a triclosan/co-polymer/fluoride dentifrice.

An in situ study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a dentifrice containing 1100 ppm F (NaF) and triclosan, an anti-plaque agent, on remineralization of artificially-formed caries lesions in thin sections of human enamel. The thin sections were placed in mandibular partial dentures of 15 subjects and covered with a steel mesh to provide an area for plaque accumulation. The subjects brushed their teeth and dentures three times daily for two-week periods in a cross-over design, after which the specimens were removed and analyzed by quantitative microradiography for changes in mineral content. Results showed that lesions treated with the triclosan-fluoride product were remineralized 18.0 +/- 23.4% compared with 19.0 +/- 32.3% from a 1100-ppm F (NaF) positive control. Use of a placebo dentifrice resulted in 71.9% demineralization. The findings showed that triclosan neither enhanced nor interfered with the promotion of remineralization by fluoride.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Animal caries models for evaluating fluoride dentifrices.

To determine the ability of animal caries models to evaluate the cariostatic potential of fluoride dentifrices, we examined four different coronal caries models. These currently used rat caries models were: Francis' hypomineralized area model, Gaffar's CARA rat model, the Connecticut model, and the Indiana model. Available data indicated that all of these models were capable of detecting significant cariostatic benefits from clinically proven fluoride dentifrices. For the most part, these animal models were also able to demonstrate a response to increasing concentrations of fluoride, particularly if the fluoride was provided in an ionic rather than a complexed form. Data were also presented which indicated the potential for animal caries models to be used to predict the clinical benefits of non-fluoride systems as well as the utility of fluoride systems for the prevention of root-surface caries. It is concluded that animal caries models play a significant role in the development and evaluation of fluoride and other systems for the clinical prevention of dental caries.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of a fluoridated dentifrice on root and coronal caries in an older adult population.

Little information is available on the effect of fluorides on root surface caries in adults. This double-blind clinical study of 810 healthy adults, aged 54 and older, demonstrated decided cariostatic effects of a fluoridated dentifrice containing 1,100 ppm F as sodium fluoride. Statistically significant differences on both coronal (41%) and root surface caries (67%) incidence were produced in the test group and compared with a control dentifrice group during 1 year of study.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Clinical studies of high-potency fluoride dentifrices: a review.

A review of clinical studies indicates that increasing the fluoride content above 1,000 ppm in dentifrices containing sodium monofluorophosphate increases the mean caries reduction by approximately 12%. The results of studies testing high-potency mixed-fluoride dentifrices containing both sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate are less conclusive.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Dentifrice use among preschool children.

Ingestion of fluoridated dentifrice by young children may be a major contributing factor to dental fluorosis, prevalent in the United States. Brushing habits of a small group of preschoolers were monitored to document parental involvement and amounts of dentifrice used.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Comparative efficacy of an antiseptic mouthrinse and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice. A six-month clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of an essential oil-containing antiseptic mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic, Pfizer) and an antiplaque/antigingivitis dentifrice (Colgate Total, Colgate-Palmolive) has been demonstrated in numerous double-blind clinical studies. This study was conducted to determine their comparative efficacy. METHODS: Three hundred sixteen subjects with mild-to-moderate gingival inflammation and plaque received a dental prophylaxis and began their randomly assigned brushing and rinsing regimen in an unsupervised setting. Subjects brushed for one minute and rinsed with 20 milliliters for 30 seconds twice daily for six months. The three groups were L (control toothpaste/Listerine rinse), T (Colgate Total toothpaste/control rinse) and P (control toothpaste/control rinse). RESULTS: Subjects in the L and T groups demonstrated statistically significantly lower (P < .001) Modified Gingival Index, or MGI; Bleeding Index, or BI; and Plaque Index, or PI, at both three and six months than subjects in the P group. The magnitude of reduction for the L group was 22.9 percent, 70 percent and 56.1 percent, respectively, and for the T group, 20.8 percent, 58 percent and 22.1 percent, respectively. Subjects in the L group were not different from subjects in the T group in regard to visual signs of gingivitis (MGI), but were more effective (P < .001) than subjects in the T group in experiencing reduced BI and PI. No product-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Although the Listerine Antiseptic and Colgate Total antiplaque/antigingivitis products produced similar, clinically significant reductions in gingivitis (as measured by MGI and BI), Listerine, when used in conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice and usual oral hygiene, provided a greater benefit in reducing plaque. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When considering an antiplaque/antigingivitis product to recommend to patients, clinicians should consider Listerine Antiseptic, in conjunction with usual oral hygiene, if more rigorous plaque control is desired.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Self-perception of fluorosis due to fluoride exposure to drinking water and dentifrice].

The impact of dental fluorosis in children exposed to fluoride in drinking water and dentifrice was evaluated. Dental fluorosis was found in 72% of the children, but the children's well-being was not affected. It was concluded that although dental fluorosis due to the intake of optimally fluoridated drinking water and dentifrice did not affect the dental aesthetics of this studied population sample, there is a need of further studies on the subject.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The importance of fluoride dentifrices to the current dental caries prevalence in Brazil.

Similar to that which occurred in most developed countries, dental caries have shown a significant decline in Brazil over the last two decades. Water fluoridation, expansion of preventive programs at schools, and especially, the widespread use of fluoride dentifrice are discussed as factors related to this reduction in caries. Data from epidemiological surveys and historical facts are presented to support the importance of fluoride dentifrices to the current caries prevalence in Brazil.

Brazil↗
PubMed1977

Effects of an amine fluoride mouthrinse and dentifrice on the gingival health and the extent of plaque of school children.

A study to test the efficacy of two amine fluoride products in reducing the extent of plaque and the degree of gingivitis was conducted with 6th-grade school children in Pensacola, Florida. The treatment regimens consisted of a daily supervised mouthrinse at school and the ad libitum home use of a dentifrice. Examinations were conducted at 12-week and 20-week intervals after the treatment had begun. There was no recognizable difference between the plaque and gingival reductions achieved with the use of the amine fluoride dentifrice or mouthrinse when compared either with their inorganic counterparts or with placebo treatment vehicles

Amines↗
PubMed1979

Effect of toothbrushing with a fluoride-free and fluoride-containing dentifrice on oral hygiene and number of leukocytes in the gingival fluid.

The number of leukocytes in the gingival exudate and the oral hygiene index during toothbrushing with a fluoride-free and fluoride-containing dentifrice was investigated in humans during a 3-month period. Significant correlations existed between the average number of leukocytes in the gingival exudate and the oral hygiene indices. The number of leukocytes increased significantly during the period of toothbrushing with the Fluoride dentifrice, whereas in the OHI no change was evident.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed1980

Controlled clinical evaluation of a 10% strontium chloride dentifrice in treatment of dentin hypersensitivity following periodontal surgery.

Sixty adult patients were examined for dentin hypersensitivity prior to periodontal surgery. Stimuli used included mechanical, cold water and compressed air blasts. A subjective assessment of the degree of hypersensitivity for each stimulus was recorded. This presurgical examination revealed 249 hypersensitive areas among 60 subjects. Following surgery there was over a 100% increase in the pain (hypersensitivity) score. Desensitization with a 10% strontium chloride hexahydrate dentifrice was begun 1 week after surgical treatment. After 7 weeks of dentifrice use the pain score was reduced 75.5% in the test group. This was a reduction to a point below the preoperative level. The placebo group showed a reduction of 34.2% which was still above the preoperative level. These results agree with other clinical studies that have demonstrated a desensitizing effect of strontium chloride.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical and microbiological effects of a sanguinaria-containing mouthrinse and dentifrice with and without fluoride during 6 months of use.

The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of sanguinaria-containing regimens with and without fluoride using the American Dental Association guidelines for evaluating chemotherapeutic agents. The study was a 6-month, double-blind, 4-cell, placebo-controlled, parallel investigation involving 120 subjects. Following screening procedures, subjects were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 received a dentifrice containing 0.075% sanguinaria extract (SaE) and 2.0% zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in a dicalcium phosphate base, plus an oral rinse containing 0.03% SaE and 0.2% ZnCl2. Group 2 received identical products without SaE or ZnCl2. Group 3 received a dentifrice containing 0.8% sodium monofluorophosphate, 0.075% SaE, and 0.05% ZnCl2 in a silica base, plus an oral rinse containing 0.03% SaE and 0.2% ZnCl2. Group 4 products were identical to those of Group 3 but without SaE and ZnCl2. Supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation were scored at 0, 1, 2, 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 months; bleeding upon probing was measured at 1, 1.5, 3, and 6 months. Microbiological samples were taken from plaque, tongue, and cheek areas. The active products produced statistically significantly lower scores than the placebo agents for all indices (P less than .0001). Six-month plaque scores were 13.1% lower for Group 1 and 17.4% lower for Group 3 compared to placebo products. When the Plaque Severity Index was applied, the percentage reductions were 33% for Group 1 and 41% for Group 3 compared to placebos. Gingival inflammation scores were 16.7% lower for Group 1 and 18.1% lower for Group 3 at 6 months compared to placebo scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers with Aureomycin mouth rinse or Zendium dentifrice.

Clinical trials with a cross-over double-blind technique were undertaken to test chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) and the enzyme-containing dentifrice Zendium with regard to therapeutic effects on recurrent aphthous ulcers. Aureomycin was found to reduce the number of ulcers and diminish pain when compared with placebo. When groups of patients treated with Zendium and placebo dentifrice, respectively, were compared, no statistically significant difference could be demonstrated. However, when the pH value of Zendium was stepwise changed from 5.9 to 6.8, an increased fraction of patients reported complete relief from pain and ulcer(s) during the trial periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Fluoride dentifrices].

The introduction of fluoride-containing dentifrices is held responsible for the important decrease in caries prevalence that was seen in the past decades. Fluoride in toothpaste is available in different formulations and combinations. Differences exist between dentifrices regarding the concentration of fluoride in the paste. Optimal results are obtained at levels of 1000 ppm fluoride. The efficiency of low-dose products is still a matter of further investigation. More research is necessary to determine the amount of toothpaste that should be used and the optimal frequency of use.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed2000

The effect of salt-containing dentifrices on gingival inflammation.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of an alkaline, salt-containing toothpaste, a toothgel of similar contents, and a conventional toothpaste on gingival inflammation. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred fifteen patients suffering from mild to moderate chronic gingivitis were enrolled in a double-blind clinical study. All subjects had at least 20 teeth, probing depths of less than 6 mm, and a sulcular bleeding index of 50% or more. At the beginning of the study period, the subjects were randomly assigned to 3 study groups. The baseline examination recorded the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth, an approximal plaque index, a sulcular bleeding index, and the gingival index. RESULTS: After an 8-week study period, statistically significant reductions in the plaque and bleeding indexes were observed in all 3 groups. There were no significant differences among the 3 dentifrices examined. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of salt-containing dentifrices in patients with gingivitis was comparable to that of a conventional toothpaste.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abrasiveness evaluation of silica and calcium carbonate used in the production of dentifrices.

Our purpose was to apply a radiometric method to an abrasiveness evaluation in samples of silica and calcium carbonate used as an abrasive in a dentifrice, to help in a prudent selection of materials by dentifrice producers. The results of RDA (radioactive dentin abrasion) abrasiveness indices obtained for these compounds varied from 136 to 19. The relative standard deviations of these RDA results varied from 5.9% to 11.8%, showing a good precision in the method. Also, the results obtained indicated that the abrasiveness indices increase with the particle size of the material. A comparison between different abrasives with similar particle sizes showed that silica presents higher RDA values than calcium carbonate.

Calcium Carbonate↗