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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Sachse optical urethrotomy, a modified technique: 6 years of experience.

Urethrotomy with the Sachse optical urethrotome has radically modified our management of strictures of the male urethra. A total of 143 patients underwent 210 procedures during 6 years. The strictures resolved in 85 per cent of the patients and they required no further treatment, including 52 patients followed for more than 6 years. A modified surgical technique using a pediatric cystoscope is described to inspect, traverse and cannulate the urethral stricture before optical urethrotomy, thus, enabling successful management of even the most difficult strictures. Our results confirm that the best prospects of cure were short and single urethral strictures, and that optical urethrotomy is the treatment of choice for strictures of the male urethra.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Supine flexible cystoscopy.

We attempted cystoscopy with a flexible instrument and ureteral catheter insertion in 152 supine patients. Cystoscopy was successful in 147 patients (97 per cent) and ureteral catheters were inserted in 133 (91 per cent). Examinations with this instrument are tolerated better than those with rigid cystoscopes, which may improve patient compliance with followup examinations. The current drawbacks, namely a smaller field of view, lower visual acuity and, sometimes, inadequate irrigant flow rates, may be reduced or overcome with improvements in instrument design.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Slipover urethral instrument system.

An inovative system has been devised using an elongated hollow guide and slipover urethral instruments. Inherent in this concept are many safety features. A slipover follower and sound will replace current instruments with the threaded locking mechanism. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by the passage of the Councill catheter, cystoscope and direct vision urethrotome over the guide. The orderly interaction of all instruments facilitates their use.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1999

Performing flexible ureteroscopy through a cystoscopy introducer sheath.

Performing flexible ureteroscopy through a cystoscope sheath positioned with its tip near the orifice of the ureter prevents buckling of the ureteroscope and decreases the friction against the ureteroscope. This results in more precise translation of the surgeon's movements to the tip of the instrument and facilitates the procedure.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1999

The re-use of irrigating equipment for flexible cystoscopy is not safe.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of fluid reflux from the lower urinary tract into the connecting tubing used for irrigation in patients undergoing flexible cystoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 94 consecutive male and female patients attending routine outpatient flexible cystoscopy lists. A sensor was designed and constructed to determine the presence of any retrograde flow of irrigating fluid, and the volume of any reflux through the connecting tubing. The mean (sd) cystoscope internal channel volume was 2.56 (0.25) mL; the level of significant reflux was set at >/=2. 25 mL. RESULTS: Reflux of irrigating fluid occurred in 11 males (17%) and was significant in six (9%) of 65 male patients, with the irrigating fluid reservoir set at a height of 0.78 m above the patient's mid-coronal level. No reflux occurred in the 29 females studied. CONCLUSIONS: Significant reflux can occur in males and hence the connecting tubing should be regarded as contaminated. Infection-control measures must include the prevention of transmission of blood-borne infections, e.g. hepatitis B and C viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus, because of the risk that blood may contaminate urine, and they should be implemented in all cases regardless of patient risk factors. From the available evidence, flexible cystoscopy should always be performed with single-use irrigation systems.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1976

Endoscopy in experimental urology using an argon-laser beam.

For the first time cystoscopic argon and neodymium-YAG laser irradiation of the bladder wall using a flexible quartz fiber light guide (as described by Nath) was studied morphologically and histologically. It was seen that it is possible to control the depth of tissue removal without the risk of perforation of the bladder wall. Therefore endoscopic surgery of bladder tumors by laser radiation seems to be possible. Hydronephrosis could not be observed even after direct laser irradiation of the orifices.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An improved cold punch resectoscope.

The introduction of an improved cold punch resectoscope is reported. The advantages of cold punch resection of the prostate over electroresection are described. Improvements of other direct vision urethro-cystoscopes are mentioned.

Cystoscopes↗
PubMed1985

Cystourethroscopy in the dog.

The cystourethroscopic examination with cold light cystoscopes forms an essential part of a complete urological examination and is useful for diagnostic as well as surgical procedures. The fast and non-invasive character of the procedure limits the inconvenience to the patient. With the rigid non-flexible scope its use is, however, limited to female dogs, unless in the male dog a urethro(s)tomy is performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

In vivo fluorescence detection of human bladder carcinoma without sensitizing agents.

The diagnosis of transitional cell bladder carcinoma and especially carcinoma in situ of the bladder in spinal cord disordered persons is often made difficult by catheters, infections or stone-induced chronic inflammation. Fluorescence tagging of tumors by sensitizing agents such as hematoporphyrin derivatives enhances visualization but presents a number of drawbacks for the patients, even at low doses. We have developed a cystoscopic fiber optic instrument, based on a mercury arc lamp, for in vivo detection of human bladder carcinoma without sensitizing agents. The tissue autofluorescence upon UV excitation (365 nm) is detected and a demarcation contrast ratio for carcinoma in situ and transitional cell carcinoma of 2.6 and 3.2 respectively is obtained. This demarcation ratio is 60 percent higher than the contrast ratio obtained after photosensitizer injection. The integration of a reliable diagnostic method with a known efficient therapeutic technique (Nd YAG laser irridiation) opens the way for cost-effective preventive care of high-risk patients.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2006

Endocytoscopy: novel endoscopic imaging technology for in-situ observation of bladder cancer cells.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent advances in endoscopy have enabled microscopic imaging of live bladdercancer cells in situ. The newly developed Endocystoscopy system (Olympus Medical Systems Co., Tokyo, Japan) is a flexible digital endoscope that has more than a 450-fold magnifying power on a video monitor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This supermagnifying endoscope was used to evaluate bladder carcinoma in five patients through the working channel of a rigid cystoscope. RESULTS: The cell structure and nuclear morphology were imaged adequately compared with conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining of a biopsy specimen. The tumors were graded correctly in four of five cases. CONCLUSION: This novel technology appears to be useful for histologic diagnosis during endoscopic examinations, potentially allowing us to avoid a conventional biopsy.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Successful diagnosis of orthotopic rat superficial bladder tumor model by ultrathin cystoscopy.

PURPOSE: In the orthotopic animal bladder tumor model noninvasive evaluation of the tumor establishment and the therapeutic effect has been difficult. To our knowledge we present the first diagnosis of orthotopic rat superficial bladder tumor model by ultrathin cystoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The established AY-27 rat bladder carcinoma cell line was transplanted orthotopically into 22 female Fischer F344 rats. A cell suspension containing 4 x 10 AY-27 cells was instilled into the bladder, which had been conditioned with mild acid washing. To evaluate tumor growth serial cystoscopy was performed via the urethra with an ultrathin endoscope (diameter 0.75 mm.) 5 to 14 days after tumor cell inoculation. At intervals after cystoscopic tumor detection the rats were sacrificed for autopsy and histological examination. RESULTS: In all 22 rats the orthotopic bladder tumor was established 7 to 10 days after tumor cell implantation and in most it was superficial. Cystoscopy permitted inspection of the urethra and whole bladder surface. We detected all tumors as broad based papillary mass (minimal lesion 1 mm. or less) and inspected its detailed appearance and accurate location. CONCLUSIONS: The orthotopic rat superficial bladder tumor model and the diagnostic procedure by ultrathin cystoscopy would be ideal system for preclinical evaluation of new potential intravesical therapies.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Legacy of Edwin Beer: fulguration of papillary bladder tumors.

PURPOSE: Edwin Beer introduced the first endoscopic treatment of papillary bladder tumors in 1910. This historical review describes how his landmark discovery paved the way for office cystodiathermy to treat recurrent papillary tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical writings of Edwin Beer and all studies pertaining to the treatment of papillary bladder tumors from 1879 to the present were reviewed. RESULTS: Edwin Beer discovered that papillary bladder tumors could be destroyed through the ordinary cystoscope with high frequency current by electro-coagulation. This therapy revolutionized the treatment of bladder tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The legacy of Edwin Beer is that office fulguration of recurrent papillary bladder tumors has now become a practical reality due to recent changes in the histological classification of papillary tumors, better definition of their biological behavior and improved endoscopic equipment.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1984

CO2 cystoscopy using a flexible fibreoptic endoscope.

Flexible carbon dioxide cystoscopy has been carried out in 65 patients using an Olympus BF type 1 TR endoscope (usually used for bronchoscopy). Good views were obtained and comparison with standard cystoscopy confirmed that no lesions were missed. The procedure was well tolerated under local anaesthesia. The flexible cystoscope was particularly useful in examining patients with diverticula, anterior bladder neck lesions or the post-radiation fibrotic pelvis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Fibrescope urethrocystoscopy.

Cystourethroscopy with a small calibre flexible fibrescope may be performed under topical lignocaine anaesthesia with less discomfort to the patient than with a conventional rigid cystoscope. The method is safe and reliable. The technique is especially useful in out-patient surveillance of bladder cancer.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed2002

The discovery of renal contrast media in Berlin.

After X-rays were detected and cystoscopes had become available, progress in nephrology depended on the development of contrast media which would permit imaging of the kidneys and the urinary system. We describe how A. Binz and C. Räth, two chemists at the Agricultural Academy in Berlin, synthesized iodinated derivatives which were potent chemotherapeutics. Moses Swick tested the substances in the clinics of L. Lichtwitz (Hamburg) and A. von Lichtenberg (Berlin) and discovered a rapid renal excretion. He also observed that an iodinated N-acetylated derivative, later named Uro-Selectan, amplified X-ray contrast after intravenous application. With this substance and other derivatives which were produced by Schering-Kahlbaum AG, the door was open for excretion urography.

Berlin↗
PubMed1997

Ureteral stenting using a combined antegrade/retrograde procedure. A technique for difficult cases.

Ureteral stenting is a procedure of daily routine. There are however cases in which cystoscopic placement of a stent fails despite various technical aids. Percutaneous nephrostomy is usually performed in those patients. In some cases however it is no reasonable alternative. For these special cases we used a combined antegrade/retrograde technique consisting in antegrade guide wire insertion followed by retrograde ureteral stenting. In 8 of 12 cases it was finally possible to insert a ureteral stent with this method. To our mind this technique should be applied when other attempts of stenting have failed and percutaneous nephrostomy is no reasonable alternative.

Cystoscopes↗