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PubMedDate not supplied

Paul E. Plsek on creativity and innovation in organizational change. Interview by Paul L. Green.

Mr. Plsek is an independent consultant with 20 years of diverse experience in the field of quality management. He has written numerous articles, presented papers at a variety of conferences, and led seminars for more than 10,000 managers and executives in diverse companies. His seminar, "Creative Thinking for Serious People," has taught people that there can be a serious approach to innovation. He also has served in a variety of engineering and management positions at AT&T and Bell Laboratories and is a senior fellow with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Mr. Plsek has BS and MS degrees in electrical engineering from Texas A & M University and the Polytechnic Institute of New York (Brooklyn).

Creativity↗
PubMed1967

Creative tensions in the research and development climate. Technical achievement of scientists and engineers was high under conditions that seemed antithetical.

As Andrews and I examined the conditions under which scientists and engineers did effective work, we observed a number of apparent paradoxes. Achievement was high under conditions that seemed inconsistent, including on the one hand sources of stability or confidence (what I have called "security") and on the other hand sources of disruption or intellectual conflict (that is, "challenge"). It appears that, if both are present, the creative tension between them can promote technical achievement.

Achievement↗
PubMed2007

Dementia and art: neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease and dissolution of artistic creativity.

The paper presents a new case of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID), a recently described new variant of early-onset frontotemporal dementia. Documented with repetitive brain images, morphologically proven cases additionally endorse evolving the clinical and pathological phenotype of NIFID. For the first time the paper describes the probable influence of NIFID on the artistic creativity of an accomplished artist showing rapid dissolution of artistic talent.

Art↗
PubMed2005

The "something more" than interpretation revisited: sloppiness and co-creativity in the psychoanalytic encounter.

Features of dynamical systems thinking can illuminate insufficiently recognized levels of psychoanalytic process. A central aspect of dynamical models is that changes in complex systems are unpredictable and arise out of the interaction of elements. Examination of the moment-by-moment micro-foreground, or local level, of psychoanalytic sessions led to the conclusion that indeterminacy and surprise are inherent properties of intersubjective systems. This indeterminacy, or sloppiness, comprises several interrelated features of the dialogue: "fuzzy" intentionalizing, unpredictability, improvisation, variation, and redundancy. Audiotaped transcripts of two analytic sessions illustrate how these sloppy features generate unpredictable and potentially creative elements that contribute to psychotherapeutic change.

Communication↗
PubMed1986

The princess in the tower: Zelda Fitzgerald's creative impasse.

Gifted women often find it difficult to integrate an acceptable social image with an autonomous artistic identity. This paper explores the ambitions and conflicts of Zelda Fitzgerald, who aspired to be an artist in several fields, but whose fame is largely contingent on the role she played in the life of her husband, F. Scott Fitzgerald. Zelda's flamboyant public pose, which served as a model for many of her husband's literary characters, is interpreted as an attempt to organize a consistent identity configuration by means of constant appeals for applause from an admiring audience. But although this configuration provided some stability and cohesion for her during her twenties, it was a superficial and vulnerable structure which failed to support her serious artistic aspirations. An examination of the separation conflicts and difficulties in internalization which contributed to Zelda's dilemma leads to a consideration of the role of the father in the organization of differentiated female achievements. Although Zelda Fitzgerald's pathology was extreme, her struggles suggest useful insights into the intrapsychic and social barriers commonly confronting creative women.

Art↗
PubMed1980

Is there a relationship between illness and creativity? An analysis of the life and poetry of A. V. Koltsov.

Considerable interest has been shown in the relationship between illness and creativity. A study of life of A. V. Koltsov, a famous Russian poet of the nineteenth century, can make a valuable contribution to this subject because he was, to a most unusual extent, a self-made man. Unlike most "men of achievement", he did not come from an eminent family or a famous educational establishment. He was born in a small provincial town, on the fringe of the civilized world, and he spent less than eighteen months at school. If there is such a thing as "natural genius", Koltsov has a strong claim to be considered in this category. His life was also profoundly influenced by mental and physical disorders, and it is interesting to speculate on whether there may have been a connection between these and his great achievements.

Achievement↗
PubMed2003

Fostering group identification and creativity in diverse groups: the role of individuation and self-verification.

A longitudinal study examined the interplay of identity negotiation processes and diversity in small groups of master's of business administration (MBA) students. When perceivers formed relatively positive impressions of other group members, higher diversity predicted more individuation of targets. When perceivers formed relatively neutral impressions of other group members, however, higher diversity predicted less individuation of targets. Individuation at the outset of the semester predicted self-verification effects several weeks later, and self-verification, in turn, predicted group identification and creative task performance. The authors conclude that contrary to self-categorization theory, fostering individuation and self-verification in diverse groups may maximize group identification and productivity.

Creativity↗
PubMed2003

The flight and the downfall of the demon: creativity and illness in Vrubel's life.

The life of Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910), the Russian painter, combined remarkable artistic accomplishments with severe psychopathology. We have attempted to examine the influence of the changes in the artist's emotional state on the creative process. The contradictions that abound in the descriptions of Vrubel's character and conduct should, in all likelihood, be attributed not only to the complexity of his personality but also to the effect of psychopathology on his behaviour. We believe that Vrubel suffered from mood disorder, complicated by syphilis.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2005

The appearance of the artist to the people: the creativity, personality and malady of Alexander Ivanov (1806-58).

Alexander Ivanov was an outstanding Russian painter who lived in the middle of the nineteenth century, during the romantic period. He did not accept romanticism but instead tried to create his own original style, an ambitious combination of spiritual profundity and a manner of execution unparalleled in Western European art. Ivanov's intention and style are best reflected in his major work The Appearance of Christ to the People, a picture on which he worked for over 20 years. He painted more than 400 sketches of the picture while attempting to bring his masterpiece to perfection. At the end of his life Ivanov became disillusioned, renounced his strong religious conviction and became suspicious. This study examines the influence of his background, life story and personality on the creative process. From a diagnostic perspective, Ivanov's personality featured obsessive, narcissistic and schizoid traits. In his final years he suffered from a delusional disorder.

Creativity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain, music creativity and music therapy in palliative care.

An analysis of the music therapy literature yields numerous reports to support the role of music in the alleviation of pain in palliative care. Four theoretical perspectives that support why many patients report reduced pain sensation after music therapy include: the psychological relationship between music and pain; the psychophysiological theory; spinal mechanisms involved in pain modulation; and the role of endorphins. Considerations significant to the use of music in pain relief include how music, used inappropriately, can aggravate pain sensation. Case studies, which include the use of creative music therapy techniques, point to the efficacy of music therapy in alleviating the pain experiences of both palliative care patients and their significant others.

Creativity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rho Chi Lecture Award. Is it possible to teach scientific creativity in the pharmaceutical sciences? Anecdotes and memorabilia.

Finally, and what may be a fitting end for this recounting, there is a quotation of Francis Bacon's that gives a poetic interpretation of creativity in the scientist: "A scientist is neither an 'ant,' storing what it finds lying about ready-made, nor a 'spider,' spinning a web out of what its entrails secrete. He is a bee, visiting innumerable flowers and collecting the nectar it finds in them; but storing not this nectar in its crude state but the honey into which it turns."

Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Leadership demands creativity and vision--can they be taught?

Leatt and Porter offer views on the principles of leadership development for the future of healthcare and propose a "new model for developing healthcare leaders em leader that could transform the educational process and improve outcomes" for organizations as a whole. They maintain that the healthcare "educational process needs to be designed to enhance senior healthcare leaders' competency, prepare them for action and ultimately increase leadership and system performance and quality." As a tool to achieve these goals, Leatt and Porter present a model for learning based on 10 principles that, among other things, address what they see as the "need to increase our ability to identify, quantify, develop, measure and evaluate competencies for healthcare leaders." In the viewpoint of this commentator, written from his observations as a CEO, the most critical competencies in a leader, and the least susceptible to measurement, are creativity and vision. In the business world, as in the healthcare sector, these traits are absolutely necessary for leaders to deal effectively with known and unforeseen demands on their organizations, ongoing problems of scarce resources and, particularly in the Canadian healthcare sector, the need for leaders to negotiate with all levels of government to improve the system.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creativity in nurse education.

Educationalists have been accused of suppressing, or at least not encouraging, creativity in nursing students. Is this still the case or are the changes in nurse education helping to reverse this trend?

Creativity↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between orthographic-motor integration and computer use for the production of creative and well-structured written text.

BACKGROUND: Orthographic-motor integration refers to the way in which orthographic knowledge is integrated with fine-motor demands of handwriting. A strong relationship has shown to exist between orthographic-motor integration and students' ability to produce creative and well-structured written text (De La Paz & Graham, 1995). This relationship is thought to be due to the cognitive load resulting from lack of automaticity in orthographic-motor integration so that writers do not have sufficient resources to accomplish the more demanding aspects of writing. Interventions to improve children's orthographic-motor integration result in improved written text (Jones & Christensen, 1999). AIM: This study first extended findings related to handwritten text to the relationship between typing and the length and quality of computer-based written text. Second, it examined the efficacy of an intervention to develop proficiency in typing skills on the length and quality of students' written language. SAMPLE: Participants in the first study were 276 Grade 8 and 9 students. In the second study 35 students in Grades 8 and 9 who exhibited very low levels of proficiency in typing were the participants. METHODS: In Study 1, orthographic-motor integration related to typing as well as handwriting was assessed for all students. They were asked to complete a piece of handwritten and computer-based text. Students in the intervention study completed the same measures as Study 1, at pre- and post-test. During the intervention half the students completed a daily typed journal and half completed a program designed to facilitate their typing skills. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between orthographic-motor integration -- handwriting and the length and quality of handwritten text, and a stronger relationship between orthographic-motor integration -- typing and length and quality of computer-based text. Both intervention groups in the second study showed significant differences in writing skills from pre- to post-test. However, the typing skills group showed significantly better scores on typing and quality of typewritten text than the journal group at post-test. The impact of the intervention was specific to typewritten text. There was no difference in length or quality of handwritten text. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that developing proficiency in orthographic-motor integration related to typing allows writers to employ their cognitive resources more flexibly when working on a computer, so that they can devote attention to higher-order processes involved in ideation, syntactic and semantic monitoring and pragmatic awareness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Creativity and oedipal fantasy in Austen's Emma: 'An ingenious and animating suspicion'.

Austen's Emma is one of the great novels of the Western tradition. In this paper the author explores the meaning of Emma's 'ingenious and animating suspicion' that Jane Fairfax seduced her best friend's husband, Mr Dixon. The interpretation that a psychoanalytic understanding makes possible shows how this suspicion represents an oedipal fantasy projected on to Miss Fairfax. Further exploration demonstrates how the fantasy is linked both to Emma's systematic unkindness to Jane Fairfax and to Emma's famous insult to Jane's aunt, Miss Bates. Emma's suspicion projects an oedipal fantasy with its incestuous impulses on to her rival and satisfies an envious aggression at the same time. The author's purpose in this paper is to bring to light through psychoanalytic understanding Austen's dramatisation of the complexity and creativity of the oedipal situation. In addition to the regression in oedipal fantasy, the primary process also functions with a progressive quality that expands and enriches the ego, a double movement described in Keats's 'negative capability', which has been elaborated by Bion. The primal-scene fantasies are often brought alive in the analytic transference. These situations and painful emotions are dramatically portrayed through Austen's genius as vehicles for change. A sudden integration follows a phase of disorganization: 'It darted through her with the speed of an arrow. Mr Knightley must marry no-one but herself'. Emma, who is Austen's 'imaginist', moves from the projected fantasy of the sad love triangle through envy aggression and the narcissistic blows of self-doubt and loss of love to moments of illumination and connection.

Creativity↗
PubMed2006

The song of the siren: some thoughts on idealization and creativity in Martinů's Julietta.

The authors draw on ideas posited by Segal in her seminal paper 'A psychoanalytic approach to aesthetics' to explore idealization and the creative endeavour as it is imaginatively portrayed in the Poutney/Lazaridis production of Martinů's Julietta, performed by Opera North (2003). The opera is set in a dreamlike world in which confusion proliferates, and Julietta is portrayed as a modern-day siren, luring Mischa, the main character, on to the rocks of psychic withdrawal. It depicts an inner drama where music, narrative and spectacle work together to evoke the main character's struggle which touches on universal themes--the ongoing nature of infantile longings, the pain of loneliness and separation and the fear of madness. Through careful reading of the opera and consideration of Martinů's life, the authors reflect on the factors that may have shaped Martinů's relationship to this work, including his feelings towards his homeland, his mid-life crisis and the social and political turmoil of Europe at the time. The authors conclude by reflecting on the aesthetic experience of the opera and the way in which the music transforms the drama and seeks to extend our understanding of psychic truth.

Attitude↗
PubMed1985

Chaos and control in the creative process.

This has been an attempt to understand the alternation of chaos and control in the creative process. As a painting acquires a life of its own, the artist loses control over it but then and only then can he or she establish an enriching dialogue with it. When losing control leads to too much anxiety, the artist will attempt to gain control over the work but this excessive control will lead to a tight structure that will seem lifeless. At some point the artist will have to destroy this structure and create a new chaos in order to start afresh and to seek something of value in it. Milner, Segal, Winnicott and the work of other psychoanalytic writers, as it is pertinent to these ideas, was examined.

Art↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The broadening of perspective over the career course: an exploratory study of self-reported creative research acts.

Data collected from questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of full professors were used to test the hypothesis that as persons advance through career stages, they are granted greater latitude in, and have greater inclination for, the expression of creative research activity within a broader perspective. Empirical support was found for this hypothesis. Even stronger support was obtained from a more recent cohort whose members may be part of a more career oriented discipline. Knowledge about the processess of career development and the trend toward increased breadth can lead to continued satisfaction for an individual over his/her career course, and the accomplishment of organizational objectives.

Career Mobility↗