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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

ISDN application for image transmission.

Image transmission using ISDN is not yet popular in Japan, but the number of ISDN terminals is rapidly increasing since 1991. We have two systems for image transmission using ISDN. One system uses an image workstation of the mini PACS. With this system, an image can be directly input from CT or MR to the workstation, and transmitted without errors. This system is very expensive. The format of images is the original one, and the data can be transmitted between workstations. The other system is the ISDN videophone. Images are input to the videophone through a CCD camera. The quality of the image is not high. However, this system is cheap and easy to use. In the near future, the videophone will be widely distributed, and will be used also for the transmission of medical images.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed2001

Surveillance of work-related carpal tunnel syndrome in Massachusetts, 1992-1997: a report from the Massachusetts Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR).

BACKGROUND: This surveillance study was undertaken to target efforts to prevent work-related carpal tunnel syndrome (WR-CTS) and to assess physician case-reports as a source of surveillance data. METHODS: Physician case-reports and workers' compensation disability claims were used to document patterns of WR-CTS in Massachusetts from March 1992 to June 1997 by age, gender, industry, occupation, and calendar year. Characteristics of cases identified through the two data sources were compared. RESULTS: 4,836 cases of WR-CTS were ascertained; 6% were identified by both data sources. Whereas the two sets of cases were similar with respect to age and occupation categories, physician-reported cases were more likely male and employed in manufacturing. The number of compensation claims filed by women declined over time, and a substantial number of cases under age 25 years were identified. Manufacturing workers had the highest rates; the highest numbers of cases were employed in hospitals, grocery stores, and the insurance industry. Several technical/administrative support occupations likely to use video display terminals had both high rates and frequencies. CONCLUSION: WR-CTS is a significant public health problem. Physician reports are useful in understanding problem magnitude and targeting specific establishments for intervention but are currently of limited use in targeting specific industries and occupations.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1998

Reproductive and developmental hazards in the workplace.

Toxic exposures to both the father and the mother before conception and to the mother during pregnancy can affect fertility, the course of pregnancy, and fetal development. The present focus on cancer-causing chemicals in toxicity evaluations has overshadowed other important health endpoints, such as reproductive and developmental toxicity, that may occur at much lower levels of exposure. Environmental tobacco smoke, video display terminals, and indoor air quality are three of the most common concerns of pregnant women in their places of work. The controversies and uncertainties about these and the lack of data on other potential hazards make toxic exposure both a delicate and a necessary issue when counseling women about their workplace health during pregnancy.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Psychological and ergonomic aspects of work with video display terminals.

Forty-nine operators of video display terminals were administered a questionnaire on subjective complaints in connection with work conditions. Measurements of non-ionizing and ionizing radiation emissions during normal operation of video display terminals showed them to be within permissible levels. A detailed ergonomic analysis of equipment and workstations was also performed. Results showed a high occurrence of subjective complaints, significant differences between age subgroups in a few variables, and significant correlation between sets of variables of some perceived ergonomic features and subjective complaints.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The measurement of the characteristics of x-ray radiation generated by video display terminals by using thermoluminescent detectors].

Exposure doses of X-rays generated by video displays were measured by means of highly sensitive TLD-500K type detector based on thermoluminophore Al2O3 and DTG-4 type detector based on thermoluminophore LiF. Individual human doses and doses accumulated on the display's surface can be measured. Trials showed efficiency of the method to evaluate the efficacy of protective screens for reducing the irradiation exposure.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed2005

[Take high of the study of VDT related eye symptoms].

The characteristics of visual display terminal (VDT) and related eye symptoms were analyzed. Research of the effect of VDT on visual function, visual development and characteristics of ocular surface was presented. Currently research still stays in the initial stage. Intensive research of VDT related eye problem will provide effective prevention and treatment methods for clinic work.

Asthenopia↗
PubMed1991

Computer prediction of possible toxic action from chemical structure; the DEREK system.

1. The development of DEREK, a computer-based expert system (derived from the LHASA chemical synthesis design program) for the qualitative prediction of possible toxic action of compounds on the basis of their chemical structure is described. 2. The system is able to perceive chemical sub-structures within molecules and relate these to a rulebase linking the sub-structures with likely types of toxicity. 3. Structures can be drawn in directly at a computer graphics terminal or retrieved automatically from a suitable in-house database. 4. The system is intended to aid the selection of compounds based on toxicological considerations, or separately to indicate specific toxicological properties to be tested for early in the evaluation of a compound, so saving time, money and some laboratory animals and resources.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Protective filters in the prevention of asthenopia at a video display terminal.

In this work 25,064 employees were studied with the aim of investigating whether the video display terminal (VDT) equipped with filters reduces the incidence of asthenopia with reference to weekly time spent at a VDT and duration of work at a VDT. Analysis showed that the filters themselves do not reduce the occurrence of asthenopia consequent to various factors (refractive defects, time spent at a VDT, and monitors' characteristics).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized ordering of ultrasound examinations.

A uniform format for requesting ultrasound examinations was developed in response to the installation of a computerized communication system within the hospital. This format consists of a sequence of eight question-lists (screens), which are presented to the referring physicians on a computer video terminal and from which he selects appropriate information with a light pen. With computerized ordering, it is now possible for the ultrasonographer to be assured of always receiving study indications and relevant patient clinical information while knowing that the referring physician has been advised of study contraindications, scheduling advice, and the proper patient preparation.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Eye problems and visual display terminals--the facts and the fallacies.

Estimates of the prevalence of eye problems associated with using visual display terminals (VDTs) vary enormously depending on the sample tested and the research methods employed. However, most authors agree that eye problems are common among VDT users. In this paper, the relative contributions of the nature of VDT displays, workstation design, work-practices and optometric factors are discussed, drawing from the substantial body of literature which now exists on this subject.

Asthenopia↗
PubMed2006

Visual display terminal work and sick building syndrome--the role of psychosocial distress in the relationship.

The present study investigated the association between visual display terminal (VDT) work and sick building syndrome (SBS) and the role of psychosocial factors in the relationship. Subjects were 2,161 Japanese office workers who responded to a cross-sectional anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey. Questions included were derived from the Miljömedicin 040, a validated questionnaire on SBS symptoms. After exclusion of data with missing information, data for 1,881 subjects were used for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio for SBS with adjustment for potential confounding factors, including psychosocial work stress. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for SBS was significantly elevated for men engaged in VDT work for 4 or more hours a day (OR=2.5, 95%CI: 1.0, 5.9) compared with less than 1 hour a day, showing a significant trend association (P for trend=0.04). In women, although the odds ratio for SBS with VDT use of 4 or more hours a day was somewhat elevated with adjustment for non-psychosocial factors (OR=1.5, 95%CI: 0.5, 4.3), the increase was greatly attenuated after adjustment for psychosocial work distress (OR=1.1). In conclusion, our study suggests that extended hours of VDT use might be related to increased SBS symptoms. Moreover, psychosocial distress related to VDT work might mediate the relationship between VDT use and SBS symptoms in women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risks and health problems caused by the use of video terminals].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between video display terminal (VDT) use and health hazards, occupational risks, and psychosocial factors, in newspaper workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1998 in a representative sample (n = 68) drawn from a population of 218 VDT operators in Mexico City. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were confirmed by performing physical examinations. The research hypothesis was that both the current and cumulative use of VDT are associated with visual, musculoskeletal system, and skin illnesses, as well as with fatigue and mental or psychosomatic disorders. Occupational health hazards were assessed (visual problems, postural risks, sedentary work, computer mouse use, excessive heat, and overcrowding), as well as psychosocial factors related to work organization (psychological demands, work control, and social support). Prevalence ratios were adjusted for confounding variables like age, sex and schooling. RESULTS: Women were more likely than men to have upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), dermatitis, and seborrheic eczema. VDT use was associated with neuro-visual fatigue, upper extremity MSD, dermatitis, and seborrheic eczema. Computer mouse use and postural risks were significantly associated with health problems. Psychosocial factors were mainly associated with mental problems, psychosomatic disorders, and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Intense use of video screens has been found to cause musculoskeletal disorders of the hand. The diversification of tasks and control of labor processes itself had a protective effect against psychosomatic disorders and pathological fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Occupational health problems in modern work environment.

UNLABELLED: Analysis of occupational health problems in Lithuania and their relation to factors of modern work environment is presented. The article analyses the health of transport workers, airlines pilots and stewards, video display terminal workers and its relation to work environment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and evaluate influence of changing occupational environment to workers' health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Complex evaluation including several enterprises with different work profile and conditions. Evaluation of work environment, assessment of psychophysiological and ophthalmological data of workers as well as morbidity studies were performed. RESULTS: Occupational environment of transport workers is related with high levels of noise, vibration, mercury, carbon monoxide, welding aerosols, and dust. Main diseases for transport workers are upper respiratory tract and lung diseases, accidents, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. Cases of temporal morbidity for pilots and stewards are upper respiratory tract and lung diseases, accidents, intoxications and nervous system diseases. The main effects of video display terminal on operators' health are vision fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. Ophthalmologic symptoms and vision fatigue are related to changes in eyes and central nervous system fatigue, as well as syndrome of "dry eyes". CONCLUSIONS: Changeable work environment is affecting employees' health with specific changes, which depend upon work character, experience and worker's age.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1977

Vector cardiographic assessment of implanted cardiac pacemakers.

The design and use of an on-line PDP 11/40 based vector cardiographic pacemaker assessment system is described. The system has been designed for comprehensive, automated testing of either fixed rate or demand implanted cardiac pacemakers. It is accurate and can be operated by a laboratory assistant without special training. Pacemaker parameters extracted are pulse height, width, rate, energy index and the frontal plane vector length and angle at maximum inspiration and during quiet breathing. In addition, a graphical representation of the patient's ECG and the pacemaker pulse is obtained on a computer graphics terminal. Patient data are written to cartridge disk for permanent record following the test. At each subsequent test of the implanted pacemaker, the data on disk are addended with the latest quantitative results. A separate off-line FORTRAN program can interrogate disk files for detailed analysis of patient data and display of parameter trends since implantation.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scientific evidence in occupational medicine: meta-analysis of the data regarding the effects of working with video terminals on the psycho-physical well-being].

Psycho-physical well-being of video display terminal (VDT) workers is often neglected. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through the comparison of controlled studies published in scientific literature, the psycho-physical well-being of VDT workers and, in particular way, the phenomena of strain and mental fatigue with their neuro-physiological, behavioural and subjective components. Seven-hundreds articles have been found from which we have selected twenty-one articles on the basis of the following inclusion criteria: controlled studies and evaluation of variables about mental fatigue; finally, only fifteen articles were utilized in the analysis due to the variability of data needed in the computation of effect size. For continuous variables we have performed two different types of elaboration methods; in case of variables showing no significant heterogeneity among studies, we have used the Weighted Mean Difference method, according to the Fixed Effect Model, while for variables showing significant heterogeneity among studies, we have used the Standardized Mean Difference method according to the Random Effects Model. Categorical variables have been analyzed trough the calculation of Odds Ratio according to the Fixed Effect Model or to the Random Effects Model respectively in case of heterogeneity's absence or presence among studies. Variables obtained by the studies were classified in four groups: biological assessment, strain assessment, subjective well-being assessment, and psycho-somatic symptoms. Statistically significant outcomes have been found for urinary adrenalin, sleep disturbances and for all the evaluated categorical parameters except headache. These outcomes allow for the following observations: 1) psycho-physical well-being of VDT workers, and especially mental fatigue, remain an object of uncertain identification and they are often neglected by Occupational Health doctors even though their evaluation is required by the Italian legislation (D.Lgs 626/94); 2) even though there is a huge interest on the argument, the amount of controlled studies on VDT workers is still insufficient. Furthermore, studies are often weak in power heterogeneous and discordant on potential problematic issues and consequently there is a difficulty in both the reproduction and overlapping of the studies; 3) Occupational Health doctor should be more careful toward this specific argument and, in his clinical practice, he should use only evidence-based parameters with high level of reproduction suggested by studied which can be considered homogeneous and overlapping for case studies and control groups. This meta-analysis suggests which evaluations to use as statistically significant parameters for the health protection of VDT workers.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1998

The effects of video display terminal height on the operator: a comparison of the 15 degree and 40 degree recommendations.

Prolonged use of video display terminals (VDTs) has been shown to be a risk factor for musculoskeletal and visual discomfort. A standard workplace design recommendation is to position the centre of the VDT 15 degrees below horizontal eye level. Recently a viewing angle of 40 degrees below horizontal has been suggested based on studies that have indicated that this is the preferred viewing angle for visually intensive tasks. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of these two VDT positions on muscular activity, muscular fatigue, head/neck posture, visual acuity, operator performance (productivity and quality), heart rate and operator subjective assessment. The experimental task consisted of reading text from a computer screen and answering reading comprehension questions using a mouse and a keyboard. Each experimental session lasted 2 h. The 40 degree VDT position showed significantly greater head tilt angles and higher muscle activity levels for six of the 10 neck, shoulder and back muscles sampled. No significant differences in visual acuity, operator performance or heart rate were detected as a result of monitor location. Seven of the 12 subjects preferred the 15 degree monitor position.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Automatisation of chronic toxicities.

Automatisation of collection and processing of chronic toxicity tests are presented in a 'pharmaceutical research center environment'. The data are either analog signals or numerical values transmitted to the computer, from terminals posted in various laboratories. The minicomputer works under time-sharing system which allows many users to access to the programs in the same time. This system controls about 3000 results a day and prints complete reports in less than two days. Rewriting is then avoided thanks to this system, and in such a way, the reports are more reliable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work and video terminals: eye discomfort and blepharitis. Preliminary data].

Blefaritis is one of the most common ocular disorders encountered in clinical practice. The clinical manifestation primarily occurs along the lid margin, and the predominant symptoms are itching and burning. In addition, the inflammation could cause a dysfunction of meibomian gland; this condition leads to ocular surface abnormalities. Objective of the present study was to determine if the Visual Display Terminals (VDT) work get worse the signs and symptoms of blefaritis in a group of 35 VDT operators. Results showed a correlation between burning, itching and corneal fluorescein staining and hour number a day of VDT work in the workers affected by blefaritis. The Authors concluded that VDT work can get worse the signs and symptoms of blefaritis.

Blepharitis↗