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PubMed1990

Differential effects of methylmercuric chloride and mercuric chloride on oxidation and iodination reactions catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase.

Thyroid peroxidase (TPO), the major enzyme in the thyroid hormone synthesis, multifunctionally catalyzes (1) iodide oxidation, (2) iodination of the precursor protein, and (3) a coupling reaction of iodotyrosyl residues. The present study was carried out to examine the mercurial effects on the iodination, the second step of TPO. Purified porcine thyroglobulin or bovine serum albumin as acceptor protein was iodinated with [125I]NaI and H2O2 by purified porcine TPO. Iodinated protein was separated by acid precipitation on membrane filter or paper chromatography. Both CH3HgCl and HgCl2 dose-dependently inhibited the iodination, but HgCl2 was more potent to inhibit the iodination than CH3HgCl. These mercurial effects on the second step resemble the effects on the third step which were already reported; but are in marked contrast to the effects on the first step, where TPO was inhibited by HgCl2 but never by CH3HgCl.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Modification of the toxic effects of phenylmercury by adaptive reactions of the rat kidney. 2. Adaptation to phenylmercury acetate, cadmium chloride and cupric chloride].

ICO:WIST rats were pretreated over 20 days, using oral administration of subtoxic doses of 1.5 mg/kg body weight of phenylmercury acetate (PMA) 15 mg/kg of CdCl2 and 15 mg/kg of CuCl2, to investigate correlations between nephrotoxic effects of PMA, on the one hand, and buildup through various extraneous substances of adaptive reactivity, on the other. This was followed by application of an acutely toxic dose of 15 mg/kg of PMA. Its effect was compared by morphological and functional investigations with conditions in unchallenged animals. The method, according to all findings, did not cause major renal damage, on completion of PMA, CdCl2, and CuCl2 pretreatment. Nephrotoxic effects induced to pretreated animals (1.5 mg/kg of PMA) by 15 mg/kg of PMA were clearly below those induced to untreated animals. However, PMA effectiveness on kidneys was much higher in animals which had received CdCl2 or CuCl2 pretreatment. Such possible controllability of toxic PMA efficacy through adaptation to various extraneous substances is likely to underline the need for differentiated assessment of progressive and regressive elements related to adaptive reaction.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Chloride compartments of the frog lens and chloride permeabilities of its isolated surfaces.

Total Cl content and exchangeable Cl pools of isolated bull frog lens and Cl permeabilities of its isolated anterior and posterior surfaces were determined. Cl content was 2.81 microEq, corresponding to a cellular concentration of 13.3 mM. After 18 hr. incubation Cl content increased to 3.84 microEq. Three Cl compartments were found: a fast compartment (t1/2 = 130 min.), probably extracellular; a slow compartment (+ 1/2 = 160 min.), probably intracellular; and a bound fraction (24% of the total Cl). 36Cl efflux across anterior and posterior lens surfaces was similar. However, when a correction for the asymmetrical electrical potential difference was made, the permeability of the posterior side, 46.9 x 10(-7) cm./sec., was nearly twice the permeability of the anterior side, 27.6 x 10(-7) cm./sec. The Cl movement and distribution seem to obey passive forces. Iodoaceta increased both total Cl and exhangeable Cl but had little effect on the rate of Cl exchange. Total Cl gain by lenses incubated at 2 degrees C was similar to the control. However, the exchangeable Cl pools and the rate of exchange were significantly diminished.

Animals↗