Impetigo therapy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Cefadroxil”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Streptococcal pharyngitis: a Belgian perspective.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Reasons for failures in penicillin treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis and possible alternatives.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cefadroxil↗
Presumed pituitary abscess without infectious source treated successfully with antibiotics alone.
A 12-year-old girl developed acute frontal headache and severe visual loss in both eyes. A presumptive diagnosis of pituitary abscess was made on the basis of suggestive magnetic resonance imaging findings. These consisted of a large non-enhancing area within the pituitary gland and thin irregular glandular rim enhancement. There was no evidence of pre-existing intracranial or systemic infection. The patient recovered completely after treatment with intravenous and oral antibiotics without surgical drainage. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion for pituitary abscess based on unusual imaging findings even when there is no source of infection.
Administration, Oral↗
Long-term antibiotic treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. Effect on bacterial flora.
The bacterial flora in patients referred with chronic bacterial prostatitis were studied. Only 13% had Gram-negative bacteria in significant numbers but 43% had Gram-positives using the same criteria. Half of the patients were symptom-free by the end of a 12-week course of antibiotics and remained so after 6 months; in one-third the symptoms were unchanged 6 months after completing treatment. The relief of symptoms correlated with the disappearance of white blood cells in the expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) and with a lowered pH in the EPS. Thus only 1 of the 14 patients without symptoms at 6 months had a significant growth of bacteria at the prostatic level, whereas 7 of 10 patients with unchanged symptoms had a significant bacterial colonisation. Although the initially infecting organism was eliminated in about half of the patients, new Gram-positive bacteria were isolated after treatment in 13 of 29 patients; 12 of these resolved spontaneously within 6 months. Five patients with Gram-positive bacteria were colonised with new Gram-negatives at the end of treatment. Two healed spontaneously but 3 remained colonised with Gram-negatives at the end of the follow-up period. These findings make it likely that many patients infected with Gram-positive bacteria benefit from antibiotic treatment. However, disturbances in the bacterial flora by antibiotic treatment may facilitate invasion by new types of bacteria.
Adult↗
Functional analysis of a chimeric mammalian peptide transporter derived from the intestinal and renal isoforms.
l. Recently two genes have been identified by expression cloning that encode mammalian epithelial peptide transporters capable of translocating di- and tripeptides and selected peptidomimetics by stereoselective and rheogenic substrate-H+ cotransport. PepT1 from rabbit or human small intestine induces a transport activity with high transport capacity but rather low substrate affinity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, the renal carrier PepT2 is a high affinity-type transporter with a lower maximal transport capacity. In addition, both transporters show differences in pH dependence and substrate specificity. 2. As a first approach to identify structural components of the transport proteins that determine their phenotypical characteristics, we constructed a recombinant chimeric peptide transporter (CH1Pep) in which the aminoterminal region (residues 1-401) is derived from PepT2 whereas the carboxyterminal region (residues 402-707) starting at the end of transmembrane domain 9 is derived from PepT1. Expression of PepT1, PepT2 and CH1Pep in Xenopus oocytes allowed the characteristics of the transporters to be determined by flux studies employing a radiolabelled dipeptide and by the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. 3. Our studies indicate that CH1Pep conserves the characteristics of PepT2 including the high affinity for dipeptides and peptidomimetics, the substrate specificity, the pH dependence of transport activation and the electrophysiological parameters. We conclude that the phenotypical characteristics of the renal peptide transporter are determined by its amino-terminal region.
Animals↗
Enhancement of fluorescence development of end products by use of a fluorescence developer solution in a rapid and sensitive fluorescent spot test for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases.
A fluorescent spot test method for specific detection of microbial beta-lactamases as previously published (K. C. S. Chen, J. S. Knapp, and K. K. Holmes, J. Clin. Microbiol. 19:818-825, 1984) was improved by the use of a fluorescence developer solution. The fluorescence developer solution used in this study consisted of 0.78 M sodium tartrate buffer containing 12% formaldehyde at a final pH of 4.5. An addition of 1 volume of fluorescence developer solution to 5 volumes of ampicillin or cephalex substrate solution incubated with beta-lactamase-producing organisms, followed by heating the mixture at 45 degrees C for 10 min resulted in enhancement of fluorescence of the end products of beta-lactamase activity. This provides a more sensitive assay for microbial beta-lactamases and offers the potential for direct detection of beta-lactamases in clinical specimens.
Amidohydrolases↗
Distribution and function of the peptide transporter PEPT2 in normal and cystic fibrosis human lung.
BACKGROUND: Aerosol administration of peptide based drugs has an important role in the treatment of various pulmonary and systemic diseases. The characterisation of pulmonary peptide transport pathways can lead to new strategies in aerosol drug treatment. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and ex vivo uptake studies were established to assess the distribution and activity of the beta-lactam transporting high affinity proton coupled peptide transporter PEPT2 in normal and cystic fibrosis human airway tissue. RESULTS: PEPT2 immunoreactivity in normal human airways was localised to cells of the tracheal and bronchial epithelium and the endothelium of small vessels. In peripheral lung immunoreactivity was restricted to type II pneumocytes. In sections of cystic fibrosis lung a similar pattern of distribution was obtained with signals localised to endothelial cells, airway epithelium, and type II pneumocytes. Functional ex vivo uptake studies with fresh lung specimens led to an uptake of the fluorophore conjugated dipeptide derivative D-Ala-L-Lys-AMCA into bronchial epithelial cells and type II pneumocytes. This uptake was competitively inhibited by dipeptides and cephalosporins but not ACE inhibitors, indicating a substrate specificity as described for PEPT2. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence for the expression and function of the peptide transporter PEPT2 in the normal and cystic fibrosis human respiratory tract and suggest that PEPT2 is likely to play a role in the transport of pulmonary peptides and peptidomimetics.
Acetates↗
Urinary bactericidal activity of oral antibiotics against common urinary tract pathogens in an ex vivo model.
BACKGROUND: In this investigation, the urine samples obtained in a single oral-dose pharmacokinetic study were examined for their bactericidal activity against a range of relevant urinary tract pathogens. METHODS: Six healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of ten oral antibiotics available in Croatia. Urine samples were taken every 2 h during the whole dosing interval of the particular antibiotic. The urinary bactericidal activity was tested by determination of urinary bactericidal titers. RESULTS: All antibiotics showed a significant urinary bactericidal activity against non-extended spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. Fluoroquinolones displayed high and persisting levels of urinary bactericidal activity against all gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. CONCLUSIONS: Average urinary bactericidal activity can be predicted from in vitro susceptibility testing, but we expect that there will be patients with a low level of urinary bactericidal activity.
Acetamides↗
Pharmacokinetics of the new cephalosporins.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cefaclor↗
Comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cephadroxil and cefprozil as prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections in children.
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), cefprozil and cephadroxil treatments in children who have recurrent urinary tract infection, but no urinary tract pathology. After acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) were treated, the patients were divided into 3 groups randomly and TMP/SMZ was given to 21 patients, cephadroxil was given to 25 patients and cefprozil was given to 34 patients for 3 months--one dose at night. All patients were followed for 6 months following prophylaxis. The frequency of symptomatic UTIs among groups during prophylaxis was not statistically different, however the number of symptomatic UTIs in the cephadroxil group was lower than the other groups. Asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes were detected in TMP/SMZ and cefprozil groups, whereas no asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes were seen in the cephadroxil group. The number of patients with symptomatic UTI during the follow-up period was not different between groups, however all the asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes were encountered in the cefprozil group. In conclusion, in this study cephadroxil was found to be slightly superior to TMP/SMZ and cefprozil in preventing asymptomatic bacteriuria episodes and symptomatic UTIs in children with recurrent UTI and normal urinary tract system.
Administration, Oral↗
Efficacy and tolerability of cefetamet pivoxil in diabetic patients with urinary tract infections: a case-control study.
Cefetamet pivoxil, an oral third generation cephalosporin, was evaluated in 218 hospitalized patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Among these patients, 28 (13.1%) were suffering from concomitant diabetes: 25 of these patients were matched with 25 non-diabetic patients and for each pair, the age +/- 2 years, sex, complicating factors, etc. had to be identical. All patients received 2000 mg cefetamet pivoxil daily for 10 days. The predominant pathogen was E. coli; 18 in the diabetic group, 15 among non-diabetics. Comparison of the therapeutic results showed that the bacteriological eradication rate was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, 92% and 87.5%, respectively. There was a similar improvement in pyuria, and therapeutic response was equal in diabetic patients as in non-diabetic patients. No unwanted effects on renal function were observed in the high-risk diabetic group.
Adult↗
Uptake of cyclic dipeptide by PEPT1 in Caco-2 cells: phenolic hydroxyl group of substrate enhances affinity for PEPT1.
Uptake of cyclic dipeptides by H+/oligopeptide cotransporter (PEPT1) was studied in monolayers of the human intestinal cell line, Caco-2. The cyclic dipeptides studied were cyclic glycylphenylalanine (cyclo(Gly-Phe)), cyclic phenylalanylserine (cyclo(Phe-Ser)), cyclic seryltyrosine (cyclo(Ser-Tyr)) and cyclic glycyltyrosine (cyclo(Gly-Tyr)). These molecules have both peptide bonds and aromatic rings, and are similar in structure to cephalexin and cephadroxil, which are transported by PEPT1. Cellular uptake of these cyclic dipeptides was pH dependent, and was inhibited by the addition of PEPT1 substrates such as glycylsarcosine, indicating PEPT1-mediated transport. Michaelis constants (Km) for these cyclic dipeptides were cyclo(Ser-Tyr) < cyclo(Phe-Ser), and cyclo(Gly-Tyr) < cyclo(Gly-Phe), indicating that tyrosine possessing phenol moiety has higher affinity for PEPT1 than phenylalanine possessing benzen moiety. The Km for cephadroxil possessing phenol moiety was reportedly lower than that for cephalexin possessing benzen moiety. Therefore, it was concluded that the phenolic hydroxyl group of the substrate may enhance affinity for PEPT1.
Caco-2 Cells↗
[Clinical effectiveness of Duracef in children with ENT inflammation].
106 children aged 4 to 14 years received duracef for different acute and chronic (exacerbation) ENT inflammation. The drug proved highly effective in acute diseases of the parynx, paranasal sinuses and ear. In exacerbations of chronic inflammatory diseases it was insufficiently effective. In acute inflammation use of duracef is beneficial as it is effective, inexpensive, low toxic, convenient in administration, is well tolerated, friendly to the intestine.
Acute Disease↗
[Structure and function of GABAA receptors: recent studies by site-directed mutagenesis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alcohols↗
Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats.
Co-administration of piperine, an alkaloid isolated from Piper nigrum L. enhanced bioavailability of beta lactam antibiotics, amoxycillin trihydrate and cefotaxime sodium significantly in rats. The improved bioavailability is reflected in various pharmacokinetic parameters viz. tmax, Cmax, t(1/2) and AUC, of these antibiotics. The increased bioavailability could be attributed to the effect of piperine on microsomal metabolising enzymes or enzymes system.
Alkaloids↗
Antibiotic-responsive generalized nonlesional pruritus in a dog.
A 15-year-old dog was evaluated for a nonresponsive generalized pruritic condition of 5 months duration. Routine diagnostic testing, including intradermal testing with 63 inhaled allergens and the feeding of a home-cooked hypoallergenic diet, failed to define the cause of the pruritus. An intradermal skin test with a staphylococcal cell wall/toxoid mixture and a skin biopsy of the skin test site suggested that the dog had a bacterial hypersensitivity. Antibiotic therapy eliminated the pruritus and the dog's pruritus was successfully managed for 3 years with the combined use of subtherapeutic dosages of antibiotics and a commercial staphylococcal vaccine.
Anal Sacs↗