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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Application of carbon fiber (CF)-cloth reinforcement to upper complete denture base.

The acrylic resin denture base is used more than the usual metal denture base because of the low cost, simple process to make and easy rebasing. But, as the strength of the resin is weaker, the upper resin denture base is three to four times as thick as the metal denture base. So, a study was made to make the upper complete resin denture base thinner while maintaining the strength of the resin denture bases currently in use now. To make the palatal area of the denture base thinner was made possible by the application of carbon fiber (CF)-cloth reinforcement. The resin denture base reinforced by the CF-cloth was of a thickness of 0.7 mm and was evaluated for the mechanical properties of bending. As a result, it was found that both the stiffness and strength were improved by 10% or more as compared with those of the ordinary resin denture bases.

Carbon↗
PubMed1978

Non--cloth-covered caged-ball prostheses. The second decade.

The Starr-Edwards Models 6120 mitral and 1200/60 aortic valves are caged-ball prostheses with cloth-covered sewing rings and bare-metal struts. Introduced in 1965, they have been in continuous clinical use longer than any other currently available heart valve prostheses. Late results with this valve are analyzed and compared with recent series employing other current valve prostheses. One hundred thirty-four mitral 6120 prostheses were inserted at the University of Oregon Health Sciences Center from 1965 through 1977, with 118 operative survivors followed for a mean of 5.4 years. Twelve-year survival rate (+/- standard error) was 50 (+/-8) percent. Twelve percent of late deaths were valve related. Eighty-eight (+/-5) percent of valves were still in place at 12 years. The embolic rate was 5.8 (+/-1.0) percent per patient-year for all emboli and 2.2(+/-0.6) percent per patient-year for serious emboli. Two hundred forty-nine operative survivors among 282 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement during the same period of time were followed for a mean of 4.3 years. Twelve-year survival was 61 (+/-6) percent and the removal-free rate was 92(+/-5) percent. Six percent of late deaths were valve related. Embolic rates were 5.0 (+/-.7) percent and 1.8 (+/-.4) percent per patient-year for all emboli and serius emboli, respectively. Structural failure, specifically ball variance, was not encountered with this prosthesis. Ninety percent of 10 year survivors are in N.Y.H.A. Functional Class I or II. There was one anticoagulant-related death in 1,698 patient-years of follow-up. The current non--cloth-covered caged-ball valves provide unquestionable durability and well-documented results into their second decade of use. They provide a base line for comparison with newer prostheses and offer a valid, current choice for both aortic and mitral valve replacement.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1998

Tween consumers: catalog clothing purchase behavior.

The purpose of this study was to compare the catalog shopping behavior of students in their tween years (i.e., between childhood and adolescence; ages 12-14) with that of older students (ages 15-18). Junior high and high school students who had purchased clothing from a catalog in the past 12 months responded to a questionnaire that examined the label information sought and product-specific attributes considered. Results indicated that tweens were more concerned with style, brand names, and the latest fashion than were older students. This finding was especially interesting, as these attributes all relate to status; the tweens were more interested than the older students in wearing the latest fashions, being in style, and gaining the prestige of wearing brand-name clothing. This supports previous findings indicating that the tween years are a time when peer pressure and "fitting in" are very important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[The Emperor's New Clothes syndrome. Description of a new epidemic].

In 1971, F. Gross, inspired by "The Emperor's new clothes" (H.C. Andersen--1835), published in the New England Journal of Medicine, a report of an endemic polysystem disease: the emperor's clothes syndrome. In the first place, it touches students or physicians who fear losing their prestige. From personal observations, we describe a new epidemic of this disease whose radiological image is the main vector. By this comment, we wish to attract the attention to the danger of giving a diagnosis uniquely on the basis of the complementary examinations. We want to underline the importance of the medical history and physical examination. All clinical or radiological data, all biological phenomenons are subject to variable interpretation. There exist statistical methods to estimate the sensitivity, the specificity and the clinical value of a test.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

Drugs of abuse in a non-conventional sample; detection of methamphetamine and its main metabolite, amphetamine in abusers' clothes by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection.

In this paper, we report the detection of methamphetamine and its major metabolite, amphetamine, in garments belong to known-abusers. These compounds were extracted from the textile using a mixture of chloroform:propan-2-ol (3:1, v/v), derivatized with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl) benzoyl chloride and separated using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The derivatives were detected by measuring either fluorescence at 440 nm or absorbance at 330 nm. By using 1-methyl-3-phenyl propylamine as an internal standard, calibration curves of spiked textile samples were linear over a wide range with correlation coefficients of 0.997 or better. Detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 were less than or equal to 37.3 and 0.4 pg on column for the high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet and -fluorescence detection methods, respectively. Intra- and inter-day variations at high and low concentrations (n > or = 3) were < or =12.7%. The developed methods were successfully applied to the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in clothes samples belong to abusers.

1-Propanol↗
PubMed2002

Sun protective clothing: 5 years of experience in Australia.

The Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4399 "Sun protective clothing--evaluation and classification" was published in 1996. AS/NZS 4399 has been well accepted and most companies wishing to claim UVR protection for their products have complied with the labeling requirements. This standard is not mandatory, unlike two other Australian standards dealing with solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection, namely the Sunscreen Standard (AS2604) and the Sunglass Standard (AS1067). With these standards there is the ability to impose substantial penalties for non-compliance. In Australia the standard-setting process is achieved by consensus and the development of AS/NZS 4399 was a long and involved process which took a number of years. The standard is not perfect; it was appreciated that issues such as garment lifetime and stretch and wet testing needed to be covered and it was planned to address these in a revised standard. In the 5 years since publication considerable work, in both Australia and overseas, has been carried out. Other national standards have been developed and published. This paper presents some of the rationale which the committee worked through prior to 1996. Also covered are many of the experiences and difficulties in the 5 years since the introduction of AS/NZS 4399, in particular the effect of local conditions and legal requirements on the operation of the standard.

Australia↗
PubMed2002

Activities of CIE DIV-6 (photobiology and photochemistry) in UV protection and clothing.

Clothing can provide substantial protection against solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). A technical committee (TC6-29), formed by experts in the field of UVR and photoprotection, was raised and, after extensive exchanges of information on the various existing test methods, prepared a technical report. The report is circulating within the CIE national committees for approval which is expected before the end of 2001. P. Gies (Australia) was in charge of collecting all information and prepared the final document. In the report, various test methods for measurement of UVR transmittance through fabrics are discussed. The measured transmittances can be used to calculate the erythemally weighted UVR transmitted by the fabric and thus the amount of protection provided. Factors affecting the UVR transmission of fabric, i.e. the characteristics of the radiometer, weave, color, weight, stretch, water, quality (holes) and eventual UV-absorbers are also detailed. In vivo and in vitro tests were found to be in broad agreement, particularly when the test method detailed in the AS/NZS 2604 "Sunscreen products--evaluation and classification", with the fabric substituted for the sunscreen, was used. The report concludes: "The UVR transmission of fabrics depends on too many factors to be predicted and must be measured. Particular attention must be paid to sampling to account for variations due to weave and non-uniformity of the product. Accurate and reliable assessment of the protection factors requires spectral measurements of the total (ie. direct and scattered) UVR transmission. A detection system, which closely matches human skin response, can be used to determine protection factors, but should always be checked against the spectral transmission measurement."

Materials Testing↗
PubMed1984

[Textile changes in passenger clothing induced by seat belts at 50 km/h frontal impact].

Sixteen dummies wearing seat belts were exposed to an impact of 50 km/h. Their clothing was examined for traces of melting and other textile changes caused by the seat belt. Such marks were found in the thorax area in 87.5% of the cases and in the pelvis area in 44%. They were located at protruding parts of the body, i.e., parts exposed to high pressure caused by the seat belt.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1994

The effects of two types of clothing on seasonal cold tolerance.

This study investigated the effects of two types of clothing, leaving legs covered or uncovered, on seasonal cold tolerance in women. Experiments were carried out to compare cold tolerance at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 10 degrees C in December between two groups of subjects, who wore either knee-length skirts (skirt group) or full-length trousers (trouser group) for 3 months from September to November. The main results are summarized as follows: rectal temperatures continued to fall for 40 min in the trouser group when the subjects were covered by a blanket, while it became stable in 30 min in the skirt group; rectal temperatures showed greater increases in the skirt group when the blanket was removed after 40 min exposure to Ta of 10 degrees C; metabolic heat production was kept significantly lower in the skirt group when uncovered or covered by a blanket at Ta of 10 degrees C; metabolic heat production was negatively correlated with mean skin temperature and was always higher in the trouser group when measured at the same mean skin temperature; in the uncovered condition diastolic blood pressure increased significantly in the trouser group but not in the skirt group. These results would suggest that the subjects who wore skirts for 3 months from September to November had improved their ability to tolerate the cold.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1995

Molecular phylogeny of the fungi of the Iceman's grass clothing.

To investigate the origin of the fungal hyphae that cover the grass clothing (cloak, boots) found near the neolithic mummy known as the Tyrolean Iceman, two radiocarbon-dated samples of grass were submitted to DNA extraction. The DNA was then PCR amplified using, respectively, primers specific for the region containing the internal transcribed spacers and the 5.8s rDNA (ITS), and primers specific for an approximately 600-bp long fragment of the nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) repeat units of eukaryotes. The amplification products were cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of 20 individual ITS clones and of ten SSU rDNA clones indicated that three types of fungal DNA can be extracted from the grass. Phylogenetic analyses, using 5.8s and SSU rDNA fungal reference sequences from EMBL and GenBank databases, suggest that the DNAs come, respectively, from a psychrophilic basidiomycetous yeast, phylogenetically close to Leucosporidium scottii, and from two ascomycetes, one of which is possibly related to the Eurotiales.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1996

The effects of two types of clothing on seasonal heat tolerance.

The aim of this study was to look at changes in seasonal heat tolerance due to acclimatization produced by different types of clothing. A group of 12 female adults served as subjects in the study which lasted for 3 months from April to June during which the ambient temperature gradually rose. Of the group 6 of them (skirt group) wore knee-length skirts daily, and the others (trouser group) were dressed in full trousers during this acclimatization period. The heat tolerance before and after the acclimatization period was compared between the two groups under conditions in which relative humidity was 30% and ambient temperature was raised to 37 degrees C. Rectal temperature, mean skin temperature and the loss of body mass caused by sweating were measured in the two groups. Before the acclimatization period, no significant differences were found between the two groups. However, observations after the acclimatization period showed higher rectal temperatures in control conditions (ambient air temperature 28 degrees C, relative humidity 60%) in the skirt group. A lower increment of rectal temperature during heat exposure (ambient air temperature 37 degrees C, relative humidity 30%) was also found in this group. Finally, the subjects in the skirt group lost less body mass due to sweating during heat exposure. Consequently, the overall index of physiological strain in the skirt group tended to show a lower value after the period of warm acclimatization. It was concluded that the subjects wearing knee-length skirts improved their heat tolerance with the advance of the seasons.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1984

Reduction of isometric muscle endurance after wearing impermeable gas protective clothing.

The isometric endurance of forearm muscles at 40% maximum voluntary contraction was measured in six healthy male subjects, after they had walked for 25-30 min on a treadmill while wearing an impermeable gas protective suit and a self-contained breathing apparatus at a light (21% VO2 max), and a moderate 41% VO2 max) work level. The mean endurance times were 12% (NS) and 24% (P less than 0.01) shorter than the average control value after exercise for the light and moderate work levels, respectively. These changes were accompanied by an increased heart rate, and rectal and skin temperatures. Ventilating the suit with an air flow of 181 . min-1 at the moderate work level did not significantly affect isometric endurance (decreased 27%), heart rate or body temperatures. It was concluded, that muscular performance capacity is reduced after wearing gas-protective clothing in a temperate environment, presumably due to the increased muscle temperature, and this should be considered in scheduling work times and rest periods.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Acclimatization effect on the evening fall in core temperature under the influence of two types of clothing.

This paper reports the effect of acclimatization on the evening fall in core temperature under the influence of two different types of clothing. Two groups of subjects dressed in either knee-length skirts or full trousers during the daytime for the three months from April to June. To compare the circadian rhythm of core temperature, the experiments were carried out before and after the three month program of acclimatization. It was found that the subjects who had worn knee-length skirts showed lower rectal temperatures during the nighttime and a bigger amplitude of circadian rhythm in July than in March.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1975

[The influence of cleaning agents to the result of abo blood-group determination by the agglutinin-binding test (holzer) at blood stain on articles of clothing (author's transl)].

The blood-group determination in the ABO-system during blood stain testing on articles of clothing is very often affected by various factors. In this research project blood-traces were tested on many different textiles and after treatment of these textiles with some usual washing and cleaning agents by the Agglutinin-binding-test (HOLZER).

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

The effect of clothing on "diving bradycardia" in man during submersion in cold water.

Eighteen healthy male volunteers undertook three seated submersions into stirred water at 5 degrees C. Whilst submerged, the subjects attempted to hold their breath for 20 s. They wore a different clothing assembly for each submersion, viz: a cotton overall assembly, a "wet suit" assembly and a "dry suit" assembly. During the experiments the breath-hold time, heart rate, skin and rectal temperatures of the subjects were recorded. The results showed that significantly (P less than 0.05) more subjects developed a diving bradycardia--defined as five or more consecutive R-R intervals of over 1.2 s--when wearing the dry suit. It is concluded that increasing the cold stress experienced by individuals during cold-water submersion decreases the incidence of diving bradycardia but not the magnitude of the bradycardia when it occurs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Operating room clothing and patient draping. Status: 3 July 1992].

OR clothing and patient draping materials must provide an effective barrier against spread of infection from both staff and patient to the wound and, just as important, from patient to staff. Today, conventional cotton fabric is still being widely used, the pore size of which being at least 80 mu i.e. this material can be penetrated by all bacteria and bacteria-carrying particles less than 80 mu. The three main demands on material properties, i.e. liquid impermeability, absorbency and water vapour permeability cannot be optimally combined with each other. From the hygienic viewpoint, the most important criterion is liquid "impermeability".

Clothing↗
PubMed2003

The effectiveness of protective clothing in the reduction of potential DNA contamination of the scene of crime.

The use of ultra-sensitive low copy number (LCN) DNA typing allows the analysis of picogram amounts of DNA. Trace evidence accidentally left at a scene of crime (SOC) by the investigating team may be inadvertently collected and analysed, potentially leading to spurious evidence being introduced into the criminal investigation. A series of experiments were undertaken to determine the extent to which an investigator could contribute to any DNA contamination of a scene of crime under different simulated activities. Further, the degree to which any contamination was reduced by the use of commercially available protective clothing was demonstrated. Precautions that should routinely be taken at a scene of crime to reduce the risk of DNA contamination are recommended.

Cough↗