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PubMed1989

[Change in the permeability of the blood-aqueous humor barrier in sulcus-fixed posterior capsule lenses].

In eyes in which posterior chamber lens implantation with sulcus fixation had been performed more than 2 years previously, the pathohistological findings showed that trophic changes can be caused in the area of the back surface of the iris and ciliary body. By means of fluorophotometric measurements, we studied the extent to which persistent disturbances in the blood-intraocular fluid barrier could be demonstrated postoperatively - even in eyes with no clinical evidence of impairment. Of the 33 eyes examined, 26 showed no ophthalmological findings, 2 eyes showed pronounced atrophy of the iris in the region of the adjacent lens tactile, and in 5 eyes piercing of the iris occurred through the lens haptic postoperatively. In all cases, the procedure had been performed at least 2 years ago. None of the patients noticed any impairment of vision. In the 26 eyes without ophthalmoscopically visible damage of the iris and ciliary body, there was no increase of fluorescein in the medium in the anterior chamber (mean value: -11 +/- 39). On the other hand, in the 5 eyes with perforation of the iris, there was a slight increase in the staining (mean value: +9.8 +/- 45), but it was not statistically significant.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1975

Fine structural observations on the ciliary receptors in the epidermis of three otoplanid species (Turbellaria proseriata).

In Notocaryoturbella bigermaria, Otoplana truncaspina and Paroto-planella heterorhabditica three types of epidermal receptors are recognized. Type I: with a single cilium running in a duct, piercing the distal dendrite process of the receptor. The internal wall of the dendrite process has eight ridges with longitudinal filaments lying inside them. The ciliary basal body lacks a longitudinal rootlet but is encircled by a thin annular formation. Type II: with a single (A) or several (B) cilia which protrude from the outer epithelial surface and are provided with a large and striped rootlet. Both types are considered as mechanoreceptors. Type III: with two or more short and stumpy cilia devoid of rootlets and displaying the usual 9 + 2 pattern in the proximal part only. They are considered as chemoreceptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The molecular basis of keloid and hypertrophic scar formation.

Excess scar formation secondary to traumatic or surgical injuries can have devastating consequences, ranging from body disfigurement to organ dysfunction. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are skin fibrotic conditions that can be caused by minor insults to skin, such as acne or ear piercing, or by severe injuries such as burns. Differences between keloids, hypertrophic scars and normal scars include distinct scar appearance, histologic morphology and cellular function in response to growth factors. Recent advances in our understanding of the wound healing process reveal possible causes for hypertrophic scars and keloids. This information might assist in the development of efficacious treatment for hypertrophic scar and keloid formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Conduction studies of the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

The forearm medial cutaneous nerve is a pure sensory branch from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. Its fibers are derived from the eighth cervical and first thoracic nerves. A simple, easily reproducible antidromic technique for studying conduction of the forearm medial cutaneous nerve is described with the knowledge (obtained from cadaver dissections) of its exact topography. Sixty nerves were studied in 30 able-bodied adults, 15 women and 15 men. Surface stimulation was done over the medial aspect of the middle of the arm at a level where the nerve pierces the deep fascia. Surface recordings were made 18cm distally over the course of its volar branch. Action potentials were obtained in 100% of the subjects without electronic averaging. Mean values obtained were as follows: latency to onset 2.73 +/- 0.17 msec; latency to peak 3.31 +/- 0.19 msec; conduction velocity of the fastest fibers 65.9 +/- 4.3 m/s; amplitude 15.4 +/- 4.1 microvolts, and the mean difference in latency between the right and left nerves in the same subject was 0.1 msec. Conduction studies of this nerve should be useful in electrodiagnostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathy (particularly in below amputees), local neuropathic conditions, and entrapment syndromes involving the medial cord of the brachial plexus.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Perforation of oesophagus and aorta by an unusual migratory fish bone: case report.

This report describes a migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery causing perforation to the superior part of the arch of aorta. The patient presented with feeling of something stucked in her throat after eating fish subsequently followed by progressive excruciating pain in the neck. During 2nd surgery the fish bone was found to have migrated from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of the arch of aorta after piercing the aortic lumen. We report a case of migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery. The clinical examination of the throat revealed no foreign body. The CT scan of the neck and upper thorax demonstrated a 1cm linear foreign body part of which had perforated into the superior part of the arch of aorta with mediastinal hematoma. The most likely cause was a fish bone. The patient's condition slowly deteriorated, median sternotomy and exploration of mediastinum then followed. Unfortunately no fish bone was found and only mediastinal hematoma was discovered. After the first operation the patient condition did not improve and repeat CT scan of the neck and upper thorax was done 3 days later. A similar foreign body has now moved from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of arch of aorta. Exploration was done again and this time the fish bone was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Increased procollagen mRNA levels in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats.

Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage is a well-characterized experimental model for studying liver fibrosis. We used this model to examine alpha 1(I), alpha 1(III), and alpha 1(IV) procollagen mRNA levels during the development of liver fibrosis. Rats were given 0.5 ml of carbon tetrachloride/kg of body weight for 1-6 weeks. The liver tissue was assayed for collagen content by measuring total hydroxyproline content. Specific increases in procollagen mRNAs were assayed by slot blot hybridization. There was a significant increase in hydroxyproline content of liver tissue following 3 weeks of carbon tetrachloride treatment. The increase in tissue collagen content correlated with an increase in alpha 1(I) procollagen mRNA levels. At 5 and 6 weeks of treatment, there was an increase in alpha 1(III) procollagen mRNA levels. alpha 1(IV) procollagen levels increased slightly with five injections of carbon tetrachloride treatment. These results suggest that specific increases in procollagen mRNAs in liver fibrosis parallel, but do not precede, increases in tissue collagen content.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Allene nu9 and nu10: Low-Temperature Measurements of Line Intensity.

We report laboratory intensity measurements for the weak nu9 (998.8 cm-1) and intense nu10 (841.1 cm-1) bands of allene. Allene is predicted to be a constituent of Titan's atmosphere, and measurements of its abundance would yield important information about the atmospheric chemistry of that body. Spectra were obtained at a temperature of 200 K (approximating Titan conditions) using the high-resolution FTS instrument at Kitt-Peak National Observatory's McMath-Pierce observatory. A total of 505 nu9 and 687 nu10 line intensities were fit using a least-squares method to accurately determine two sets of transition dipole moments. Integrated band intensities computed utilizing the fitted parameters were found to be 36 +/- 4% cm-2 atm-1 and 301 +/- 4% cm-2 atm-1 for nu9 and nu10, respectively, at 200 K. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

[Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C in Croatia].

The incidence of HBV and HCV infection is hard to determine because of the high number of asymptomatic infections. According to data of the Croatian Institute of Public Health, there are 200 newly infected persons with hepatitis B and approximately the same number of newly identified HBsAg carriers occur each year. Accordingly, Croatia is among the countries with less than 2% of HBsAg carriers in the general population. In these circumstances, HBV infection is most often spread among adolescents and younger adults. The route of transmission is most often sexual (semen) or through the skin in high-risk groups. An increased risk of infection is found in newborns of HBsAg positive mothers, i.v. addicts, promiscuous individuals, male homosexuals, person in close contact with acutely ill or chronic HBsAg carriers, persons that come in contact with blood and other potentially contaminated body fluids, dialysis patients, patients with multiple blood transfusions, patients with transplanted organ or tissue, patients treated for hematologic malignancies and hemophilia, and persons who undergo acupuncture, tattooing or piercing, or travel to areas with a high prevalence of HBV infection. The estimated prevalence of HCV infection marker (anti-HCV) in the Croatian general population is more than 1% and the number of yearly infected with hepatitis C reported to the Croatian Institute of Public Health is around 200 cases. The highest incidence is found in the 20-40 age groups at a high risk of infection by the use of drug injection. At risk are persons who received transfusion of blood or blood products prior to the availability of blood screening of voluntary blood donors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

A new partnership.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Fee Schedules↗
PubMed2001

Mechanisms of urea tolerance in urea-adapted populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

When behavioral avoidance cannot prevent an animal from being exposed to novel environmental toxins, physiological mechanisms must cope with the toxin and its effects. We are investigating the basis of urea tolerance in populations of Drosophila melanogaster that have been selected to survive and develop in food containing 300 mmol l(-1) urea. Previous research has demonstrated that the urea-selected larvae have lower levels of urea in their body than control larvae reared under the same conditions. The current series of experiments focuses on three possible ways of reducing urea levels in the body: urea metabolism, increased urea excretion and decreased urea uptake from the environment. We tested for urea metabolism directly, by assaying for activity of two urea-metabolizing enzymes, and indirectly, by looking for reduced urea content of their medium. To measure urea excretion rates in whole animals, we reared control and urea-selected larvae on urea-containing food (urea food), switched them to normal food and monitored the loss of urea from their hemolymph. We measured urea uptake by rearing control and selected larvae on normal food, switching them to urea food and monitoring the rate of urea appearance in the hemolymph. We found no evidence for urea metabolism by either direct or indirect methods. Control larvae excreted urea at a higher rate than selected, probably because they contained more urea than the selected larvae and thus had a greater gradient for urea loss. The rate of urea uptake in selected larvae was 2 mmol l(-1) h(-1) slower than the rate in control larvae, a difference that could account for the measured differences in body urea levels. Thus the selected larvae appear to have adapted to urea exposure primarily by decreasing the ability of urea to enter their body in the first place. The mechanism responsible for this reduction in uptake is uncertain.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Injury and poisoning episodes and conditions: National Health Interview Survey, 1997.

OBJECTIVE: This report provides a descriptive overview of the first year of data from the injury section of the redesigned National Health Interview Survey. It documents the Survey's design methodologies and presents detailed national estimates of nonfatal injury and poisoning episodes for 1997. METHODS: Data for the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population were collected using Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI). The data on all medically attended injuries and poisonings occurring to any family member during the 3-month period prior to the interview were obtained from an adult member of the family. RESULTS: In 1997, 34.4 million medically-attended episodes of injury and poisoning were reported, resulting in an age-adjusted rate of 128.9 episodes per 1000 persons. Injury episodes resulted in 40.9 million injury conditions for a rate of 153.7 conditions per 1,000 persons. Falls were the leading external cause of injury, followed by episodes resulting from being struck by or against a person or an object, transportation, overexertion, cutting and piercing instruments, and poisoning. Sprains and strains were the most frequently reported injury condition followed by open wounds, fractures, and contusions. Upper extremity and lower extremity injuries were the leading body regions for these conditions. Leisure activities and paid work were most often reported as the activities the person was engaged in when the injury episode occurred, and. the home was the most likely place for the injury to have occurred. CONCLUSION: The redesigned NHIS is a useful source of information about medically-attended nonfatal injuries and poisonings. A single year now provides enough data to produce stable national estimates on details of injury and poisoning episodes.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2004

Plasma triacylglycerol and HDL cholesterol concentrations confirm self-reported changes in carbohydrate and fat intakes in women in a diet intervention trial.

Diet intervention trials are currently testing whether reduced fat intake can reduce the risk and progression of breast cancer. Energy from dietary fat is generally replaced by energy from carbohydrate in these studies, and altering the proportion of energy from dietary carbohydrate and fat has been shown to affect plasma lipid concentrations in controlled feeding studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increased carbohydrate and reduced fat intakes on plasma lipids in a randomized, controlled trial that is testing the effect of diet modification on risk for recurrence and survival in women previously treated for breast cancer. Plasma concentrations of lipids and related factors were measured at enrollment and 1-y follow-up in 393 women enrolled in the trial. Dietary goals for the intervention group focused on an increase in vegetable, fruit and fiber intakes, and reduced fat intake. Women assigned to the intervention group significantly reduced fat intake (from 28.1 to 21.0% of energy), and significantly increased intakes of carbohydrate (from 56.9 to 65.3% of energy) and fiber (from 21.0 to 29.6 g/d) (P < 0.05). Body weight did not change significantly in either study group. A small but significant increase in fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentration, and decreases in HDL cholesterol and apoprotein-A1 concentrations, were observed in the intervention group (P < 0.05) but not in the comparison group. Changes in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoprotein-B, lipoprotein (a), and insulin concentrations, and in the LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, were not observed in either group. The lipid responses that were observed in this study provide biological evidence that validates the self-reported change in dietary intakes of fat and carbohydrate in response to the intervention efforts. The degree of change in these lipid concentrations was small and does not suggest increased cardiovascular disease risk.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗