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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The Scandinavian multicenter photopatch study 1980-1985: final report.

At 16 different dermatology clinics in Scandinavia from 1980-1985, photopatch testing was performed on 1993 patients with suspected photodermatosis. The collective results are presented in this article. The most common cause of sun-related dermatosis was polymorphic light eruption (PLE) (38%), while secondary aggravation of pre-existing skin diseases was established in 16% of the patient group. Photocontact dermatitis (11%) and contact dermatitis (10%) were responsible for 274 and 369 positive test reactions (respectively) on photopatch testing using the SPDRG standard series. Musk ambrette and para-aminobenzoic acid were the leading photosensitizers, while perfume mixture, balsam of Peru and lichen mixture were the most frequent causes of contact sensitivity. The principal photoallergens and contact allergens in the PLE, persistent light reaction and actinic reticuloid groups are discussed, together with the problems, risks and possible mechanisms of induction of photosensitization in these patients. The incidence, causes and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of secondary sunscreen sensitivity in these groups are also addressed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Contextual conditioning with massed versus distributed unconditional stimuli in the absence of explicit conditional stimuli.

Rats received unsignaled shocks in an observation chamber, with different groups varying with respect to time between shocks. Twenty-four hours later the rats were returned to the observation chamber for a test of conditioning to contextual stimuli. The freezing response served as the dependent variable. In Experiment 1 we found that distributed shock trials (60 s) resulted in more context conditioning than did massed trials (3 s or 16 s). Experiment 2 replicated this intertrial interval (ITI) effect when total time in the context was equated for the massed and distributed groups. The observed beneficial effect of distributed practice for conditional stimuli arises because of decreased contextual conditioning with longer ITIs (e.g., Gibbon & Balsam, 1981; Rescorla & Wagner, 1972). Although the basic effect of enhanced performance with longer ITIs is consistent with Wagner's rehearsal model (e.g., 1978), three findings argue against such an account. First, posttrial stimulation did not reduce the benefit obtained from distributed trials (Experiment 3). Second, intertrial distractors did not improve performance of the animals subjected to massed trials (Experiment 4). And third, the ITI effect was not eliminated when conditioning was brought to its asymptote (Experiment 5). The overall pattern of data is consistent with an opponent-process account suggesting that in addition to supporting conditioning, the unconditional stimulus (US) activates a B-state capable of reducing the impact of the next US and that this B-state lasts longer than 16s but decays before 60 s.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Eczema of the lower leg and contact allergy].

Seventy-three patients suffering from stasis dermatitis with or without leg ulcers (group A) and 565 patients with other eczemas (group B) were patch tested with a series of 37 vehicle constituents and topical preparations. In group A the most common reactions were obtained with wool alcohols (24.7%), eucerin (21.9%), lanette N (17.2%), lanette O (11.0%) lanette E (8.2%), parabens (9.6%), a number of preparations containing these ingredients, and prophylene glycol (9.6%). In group B there were only positive reactions to lanette E (6.0%, test concentration 20%/vaseline) and sodium lauryl sulfate (5.8% positive, 5%/water), but irritant reactions were suspected in most cases. Additionally, group A patients were patch tested with standard allergens, which most frequently revealed contact allergies to balsam of Peru (19.1%) and mercuric bichloride (6.8%). Among the local antibacterial agents, the most common allergens were neomycin (32.9%) and bacitracin (12.3%). The number of patients with stasis dermatitis who reacted to one or more test substances had increased to 71.3%, as compared to the 57% evaluated in a similar study in 1977.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

Delayed contact allergies in patients with photosensitivity dermatitis.

Delayed contact allergies and the clinical course of the skin disease were investigated in 14 patients with photosensitivity dermatitis/actinic reticuloid and 145 patients with polymorphous light eruption type eczema. Hypersensitivity to chromium and rubber chemicals was encountered in photosensitivity dermatitis more often than in polymorphous light eruption eczema and in the comparison series of 1714 patients with other types of dermatitis. In the eczema group, delayed contact allergies to chromium, rubber chemicals, neomycin, clioquinol, balsam of Peru, fragrance and colophonium were more frequent than in the comparison group, suggesting that at least delayed contact allergy to chromium and rubber chemicals may be of significance in the development of photosensitivity in many patients who suffer eczematous reaction to sunlight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Frequency of contact allergy in housewives (author's transl)].

A survey was taken of 616 housewives with a total of 1405 positive reactions in the patch tests. These women belong to a group of 3300 patients who showed contact allergic reactions in the patch test during the period between 1970 and 1974. The highest rate of sensitivity was found in the group of housewives in the age group over 60. The most common allergens of the housewives have been: p-aminodiphenylamin. Peruvian balsam, lanolin alcohol. Specific differences between men and women in the allergen spectrum are the following: in men there was a strong tendency to be allergic to potassium dichromate, and in women the allergic tendency was to nickel sulphate. Among the housewives no special preference toward allergies to nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Contact allergy in atopics, who perform wet work in hospital.

The relation of atopy, i.e. previous or present atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and asthma, to contact allergy in hospital employees, who perform wet work, was studied. Patch tests were carried out with the ICDRG standard series. Among these workers the frequency of contact allergy was similar in nonatopics (21%) as in atopics (22%), who represented 33% from the whole group. Atopics were sensitized more often to balsam of Peru (5.1%) as well as to fragrances in total (8,5%) than nonatopics, (1.7% and 4.1%, respectively) (p less than 0.05). Same kind of tendency was found in the amount of rubber reactions, though the difference was not statistically significant. Nickel was the most common allergen in all workers.

Allergens↗
PubMed1984

[Eczema in hairdressers].

Among cases of occupational dermatoses, eczema in hairdressers was reported most frequently in Austria during 1981 and 1982. Analysing 247 reports, extensive data could be obtained with regard to predisposition, clinical pattern, course, contact sensitization, skin tests, prognosis, influence on occupational development, rehabilitation, and disability pension. Epicutaneous tests with standard allergens and a hairdressers' screening tray proved to be positive in 71%. Nickel (44,7%) and para-haircolors (40,2%) top the allergen list. With exception of cobalt (19,1%) and balsam of Peru (4%) all other substances tested were found to be positive in less than 4%. 65% of nickel sensitive probands reacted to their occupationally used shampoos, as compared to only 34% of nickel-negative probands. Of hairdressers allergic to para-colors, 48.1% showed positive ECT tests to their haircolors, 4/13 patients allergic to ammonium thioglycollate reacted to permanent wave liquids used at their work. Two thirds of nickel sensitive hairdressers were sensitized during apprenticeship. Alkali resistance (AR) was decreased in 35% of patients tested. AR results from the irritant dermatitis patients were worse than those from persons with contact allergy. Of the hairdressers affected, 61.8% had to discontinue their professions for medical reasons. Of those who continued a hairdresser's career only 32% of patients with allergic contact eczema and 58% of patients with irritant eczema had no skin problems (mean period of observation: 15 months). The proportion of atopics was found to be normal within the patient material, but prognosis is unfavorable once atopic hairdressers have developed hand eczema. After discontinuation of occupation, clinical resolution was slowest in patients allergic to nickel. Of those previously occupied as hairdressers 15% ended up in a wet working environment unsuitable to their skin condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Austria↗
PubMed1980

Environmental dermatitis: changing patterns.

Patch tests in 1000 cases of contact allergic dermatitis observed between 1972 and 1978 are recorded in detail, and compared in general with patch tests in a previously recorded 1000 cases of contact allergic dermatitis between 1964 adn 1972. The routine use, since 1974, of patch tests as advised by the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group has increased the detection of dermatitis caused by nickel, paraphenylene-diamine and related dyes, formaldehyde and perfumes (balsam of Peru), which indicates that aimed patch tests alone may be inadequate. The number of cases of dermatitis caused by antifungal agents and topical antihistamines decreased after Commonwealth and State legislation prohibiting their use was passed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of broncaspin in chronic bronchopneumopathies].

A controlled single-blind clinical trial was made with Broncaspin, on original synthetic molecule obtained by condensing acetylsalicylic acid and guaiacol, in a comparison of its local and general tolerance, and antipyretic, antiexudative and balsamic properties with those of dimethylaminophenazone guaiacolglycolate, a well-known preparation, in two randomly composed groups of 15 patients with chronic obstructive bronchial and lung diseases, using 1,2 g Broncaspin suppositories and the commercial form of the other product twice a day for 14 consecutive days. Therapeutic assessment was based on the symptomatological, spirometric and blood gas data.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

[Method of combined detection of nerve fibers and blood vessels in nerve trunks].

A new method for investigation of neuro-vasal relationships in nerve conductors is proposed based on a combination of the fine injecting of their blood vessels and staining the nerve fibres. The vessels are injected with the chloroform emulsion of finely ground Paris blue (5-10 g per 100 g of solvent). Pieces of nerves 0,5 cm thick are fixed in 12% neutral formalin for 3 days, kept in a dark vessel in Weigert's mortant for 5 days, dehydrated and imbedded in paraffin. Thin slices 4-5 micronkm thick are stained in hematoxylin after N. N. Kulchitski, differentiated for 2-12 h in the mixture containing 1% solution of potassium ferricyanide and saturated solution of lithium carbonate (1:10) and after passing through alcohols of increasing concentration and xylene imbedded in balsam. In the preparations the fibres of different caliber are stained grey and the vessels are stained blue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Allergic risk factors in wood working].

After an account on wood working schedule and on the main and most noxious chemical constituents of these materials, we consider 55 subjects working in touch with wood, on whom allergological researches have been performed through skin tests and bronchial provocation tests. The sensitivity to wood dust have been found in 10 cases (18.2%), in particular towards woods of obece, lanan, mahogany and samba. Skin tests have revealed 1 positivity to balsam of Perù and 3 to isocyanate (TDI). The bronchial provocation tests have pointed out 1 positive reaction to Mansonia's and ramin's wood and 2 to TDI. The results suggest that the respiratory manifestations due to wood's dust on subjects professionally exposed, have to be prevalently imputed to exotic woods, even if the irritant factors assume a not minor importance. It is discussed the possible role of isocyanates in this pathology.

Bronchial Provocation Tests↗
PubMed1978

[Pathophysiologic and therapeutic problems of varicose leg ulcers from a dermatologic viewpoint].

At 90% ulcerations of the lower legs are venously conditioned. Prerequisite for the development are a pronounced varicosis or thromboses of the deep veins which finally lead to the varicose symptom complex (edema, pigmentations, dermatosclerosis, congestive eczema and ulcus cruris). Prerequisite for healing is the removal of the varicose veins by operations or varicosclerosation and tight dressing for the prevention of edemas. The treatment of congestive dermatosis has to be performed according to the principles of the treatment of eczemas, in which case here and also in the therapy of ulcus cruris should be proceeded possibly bland, in order to avoid sensibilisations. These appear above all after the application of externa which contain sulfonamides, antibiotics, Peruvian balsam as well as preservation remedies. A strong dispensarisation helps to prevent recidivations.

Digitoxin↗
PubMed1995

[Chronic urticaria from the aspect of autoimmune diseases].

At some time in their lives one in a five persons is affected by urticaria and/or angioedema. The cause of urticaria may never be found in up to one quarter of patients with acute urticaria and in up to 90-95% with chronic urticaria. In this study we present results of our compounded approach (clinical follow up, laboratory findings, allergological testing) to patients with chronic urticaria and autoimmune diseases that progressed into chronic urticaria or started before the onset of the chronic urticaria. Our first case was a 56 year old woman with a 10 month history of chronic urticaria, angioedema and chronic gastritis before the diagnoses of insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus and Hypothyreoidismus primarius were established. Allergological testing reveals specific clinical significant immediate reaction to Balsam Peru. After adequate substitutional therapy was advocated and with specific clinical avoidance of offended allergen, remission was obtained. The second case was a 46 year old female suffering from chronic urticaria (with clinical features of urticaria like vasculitis) associated with hypocomplementemia (particularly C4 depressed) with negative antinuclear antibodies but positive circulating immune complexes after a 2 year follow up the patient developed Systemic lupus erythematosus. The third case was a 63 year old woman who developed chronic urticaria 3 years after total thyroidectomy, with pathological finding of Thyroiditis lymphocytaria-Hashimoto; after the allergological testing, positive lymphocyte transformation test revealed allergical sensitization to Vobenol was substituted with Thyvoral, complete remission was obtained.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1995

[Antibacterial effects of antiseptics in vitro and in an experiment in vivo].

The effect of topical antiseptics routinely used in the Department of plastic and aesthetic surgery was tested against bacteria commonly infecting burns and major skin defects. In vivo, the effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined, in vitro also on Proteus mirabilis. A very good effect on tested microorganisms was observed with 0.1% Persteril, Peruvian balsam and Dermazin crm. (Lek, Ljubljana). Gentian violet in a 0.5% concentration and 3% boric acid were not effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.05% permanganate and 2% Jodonal were moreover not effective against S. aureus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Polychromatic method of simultaneously demonstrating all the structural components of a peripheral nerve].

To study neuro-vessel relations in the nerve conductive system, a combined method revealing myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibers and blood vessels was suggested. The method includes the following stages of material treatment: injection of the nerve blood vessels with chloroform emulsion of Paris blue (5--10 g of the dye in 100 g of the solvant); the straightened nerves about 5 mm long are fixed in 12% neutral formalin; etching in the solution of chromium solts; embedding in paraffin and preparation of thin sections (3--5 mcm); staining after Masson's method applied for collagen fiber staining) in the author's modification and mounting in balsam. In the preparations, the axons of the nerve fibers are seen blue--purple, myelin sheaths--light red, connective tissue elements--violet and blood vessels are seen as dark blue rings.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Contact allergic dermatitis caused by plants].

In order to contribute to the setting of an accurate diagnosis and prophylaxis of phytodermatitis (PD) and to better understand eczematogenic characteristics of some plants, we present results of an allergologic analysis and review the plants which most commonly cause FD in our material. A total of 15 patients presenting with FD was examined. In all the cases we used a standard technique, patch test (PT); in cases supsective of contact urticaria syndrome (CUS) we used open PT, while photo PT was used for cases suspective of photo PD. We used fresh parts of the plants and standard allergen battery for epicutaneous testing (Department of Immunology, Zagreb). Depending on the profession of the subjects, tests with the material from working places with specific batteries of tests for specific professions were applied according to the recommendations of ICDRG. Tests with parts of the plants were carried out in 8 cases and in 5 controls. A total of 38 plants was examined. Positive PT was found for sisal, willow, parsnip, carrot, celery, spinach, green tomato, broomcorn, lemon skin, pyracantha, arborvitae, yucca, ficus, juniper tree, plane tree and greenhouse grass. In cases of positive PT for willow, carrot, celery, green tomato and grass, positive PT for Peru balsam (PB) was also detected, while in positive PT for lemon skin, a positive PT on turpentine was found as well. Negative results of PT for willow, carrot, celery, parsnip, green tomato, lemon and juniper tree and positive photo PT on greenhouse grass in controls, indicate that we have detected allergic PD on the above mentioned plants.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗