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Results for “BACTEROIDES INFECTIONS”

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PubMed1978

Cefamandole in treatment of peritonitis.

Cefamandole was evaluated as the sole antimicrobial agent used to treat bacterial peritonitis in 113 patients. Dosage varied between 1 and 2 g given intravenously every 6 hr. Laparotomy for excision of infected or gangrenous tissues, closure of gastrointestinal perforations, or drainage of an established abscess was required in 99 of the cases. A good clinical response was obtained in 107 patients, or 95% of the total group. Of the six deaths only one could be attributed to infection. No evidence of renal, hepatic, or hematopoietic toxicity was noted. There were no allergic reactions, although 13 patients (12%) developed phlebitis in a vein used for antibiotic administration. Bacteriological studies revealed aerobic peritonitis in 99% of the patients, with anaerobe participation in 60% of these cases. Sensitivity testing by the disk diffusion and tube dilution methods confirmed the appropriateness of cefamandole therapy; 91% of the gram-negative rods and 61% of the anaerobes were susceptible. From results of this study, it would appear that cefamandole is a reliably effective antibiotic for use in treatment of most forms of acute peritonitis. Its role in surgical prophylaxis may be even more promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative determination of the serum antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis in women with pelvic inflammatory disease.

The antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis in women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease was quantitated using a sensitive radioactive antigen-binding assay. Antibody detected by this technique correlated highly with antibody measured by quantitative precipitin analysis (r = 0.99). Paired acute- and convalescent-phase sera obtained from women from whom B. fragilis subspecies fragilis was isolated by culdocentesis showed significantly greater changes in antibody concentration than corresponding sera obtained from women with gonococcal or nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease when B. fragilis subspecies fragilis was not isolated from the cul-de-sac. These data indicate that the steady state of immunity to this capsular antigen is perturbed in patients with acute nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease from whom this organism can be cultured. This finding may indicate that B. fragilis can play a significant role in acute pelvic inflammatory disease and can be involved early in the infectious process.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Prospective, randomized comparative study of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin, each in combination with gentamicin, in therapy for intraabdominal and female genital tract sepsis.

The results of a prospective, randomized comparative study of the efficacy and toxicity of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin in the treatment, concomitantly with gentamicin to ensure complete aerobic coverage, of 175 patients with serious mixed aerobic/anaerobic intraabdominal or female genital tract sepsis are reported. In the group with intraabdominal sepsis, 33 (79%) of 42 treated with clindamycin, 43 (81%) of 53 treated with chloramphenicol, and 35 (90%) of 39 treated with ticarcillin were cured. In the group with genital tract sepsis, 16 (94%) of 17 treated with clindamycin, 11 (100%) of 11 treated with chloramphenicol, and 12 (92%) of 13 treated with ticarcillin were cured. Diarrhea occurred most frequently in patients treated with clindamycin (P < 0.001), hematologic suppression occurred most frequently in patients treated with chloramphenicol (P < 0.01), and hypokalemia occurred most frequently in patients treated with ticarcillin (P < 0.01). Clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin, each in combination with gentamicin, are equally effective in therapy for intraabdominal or female genital tract sepsis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Bacteremia due to Bacteroides fragilis after elective appendectomy in renal transplant recipients.

Bacteremia caused by Bacteroides fragilis occurred in four of 75 children after renal transplantation, and B. fragilis was the most common cause of postoperative bacteremia. Bacteroides bacteremia was significantly associated with performance of elective appendectomy at the time of transplantation (P less than 0.01) and with profound lymphocytopenia (P = 0.01). No patient received antibiotics at the time of surgery or prior to the first positive blood culture, yet B. fragilis was the single organism isolated from blood and abscesses in these patients. A role for lymphocytes in containment of B. fragilis has not been suggested previously, although unexplained occurrence of bacteroides bacteremia in immunocompromised patients has occasionally been reported. Lymphocytes themselves may be important in this host-bacterium interaction, or lymphocytopenia may be the marker for a more generalized deficiency in host defenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative bacteriology of amniotic fluid from women with clinical intraamniotic infection at term.

Amniotic fluid was collected through an intrauterine catheter from 52 women with clinical intraamniotic infection and from 52 uninfected matched control women. The amniotic fluid was cultured quantitatively for anaerobes and aerobes. Patients with intraamniotic infection were matched with the control women on the basis of gestational age, interval from membrane rupture to specimen collection, and interval from membrane rupture to delivery. The patients with intraamniotic infection had a significantly higher mean temperature (38.4 vs. 37.1 C) and a higher mean leukocyte count (15,740 vs. 11,740 cells/mm3). In 80.6% of specimens from the women with intraamniotic infection and 30.8% of those from the control subjects, greater than or equal to 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml were isolated from the amniotic fluid (P less than 0.001). Also, in 69.2% of the former and 7.7% of the latter, there were greater than or equal to 10(2) cfu of isolates considered to be "high-virulence" isolates/ml (P less than 0.001).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Alterations in opsonophagocytic killing by neutrophils of Bacteroides fragilis associated with animal and laboratory passage: effect of capsular polysaccharide.

Electron microscopic studies of laboratory-passaged and animal-passaged isolates of Bacteroides fragilis showed significantly more capsular material around the latter. This observation correlated with increased survival of animal-passaged bacteria in rabbit intraperitoneal chambers and increased resistance to phagocytosis and opsonophagocytic killing by neutrophils. With an initial inoculum of 2.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units/ml, the number of bacteria surviving after incubation for 2 hr with neutrophils and pooled normal human serum was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater for animal-passaged than for laboratory-passaged bacteria. Neutrophil uptake of 14C-labeled animal-passaged and laboratory-passaged bacteria after incubation for 20 min was 45% and 63%, respectively (P less than 0.05). No significant difference in survival was found between animal-passaged and laboratory-passaged isolates of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. These findings suggest that on mechanism whereby the capsule of B. fragilis contributes to virulence is by inhibiting opsonophagocytic killing.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Etiology and outcome of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

We studied 71 women with the clinical diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) by laparoscopy and comprehensive microbiology in order to define the major etiologic determinants of poor fertility prognosis after tubal infection. Fifty women were found to have acute PID. Of the 50 women, 23 were pregnancy seeking and had a subsequent evaluation to determine fertility outcome. Seven of 13 women with non-gonococcal infection had an adverse reproductive outcome, compared with none of 10 women with gonococcal infection (P = .007). Two groups of causes for adverse reproductive outcome were found. Of the seven infertile women, four had initial tubal abscess, and three had evidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. This study directly documents the poor fertility prognosis for women with tubal abscess and suggests that women with culture and/or serological evidence of chlamydial infection also have a poor fertility prognosis.

Abscess↗
PubMed1975

Anaerobes unlimited.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiology of clindamycin resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group.

A study was made of trends in the susceptibility rates to clindamycin of 338 clinical strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated in the period 1980-83. In 1980, the resistance rate of the species Bact. fragilis to 4 mg/l was only 3.3%, but this percentage increased regularly in 1981 (6.2%), 1982 (15.5%) and reached 19.6% in 1983. Resistance rates in other species of the group (Bact. distasonis, Bact. vulgatus, Bact. thetaiotaomicron) were already high in 1980 and no relevant increase has been documented since then. In order to asses the relationship between clindamycin resistance and hospitalization or macrolides-lincosamides consumption, 184 faecal strains of the Bact. fragilis group isolated from non-treated in-patients, out-patients and healthy volunteers were studied for clindamycin resistance. An unexpectedly high rate of resistance (around 25%) was found in all groups. Resistant strains appeared heterogeneous with regard to phagetype. For unknown reasons, clindamycin resistance seems to be widespread among intestinal Bacteroides strains of the human population, at least in our region.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1985

In-vitro and in-vivo activities of a novel cephamycin MT-141 against the Bacteroides fragilis group in comparison with six cephem antibiotics.

MT-141 inhibited 90% of the clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis at 3.13 mg/l, whereas six reference cephem antibiotics inhibited them at 12.5- greater than 100 mg/l. MT-141 was stable to the Bacteroides beta-lactamases, but the stability alone could not explain the potent activity of MT-141 against the other Bacteroides spp., which produced only small amounts of beta-lactamase, but were resistant to other cephem antibiotics. MT-141 exhibited a higher killing rate and more potent in-vivo efficacy than the reference cephem antibiotics against Bact. fragilis No. 36 combined with Escherichia coli No. 29. In conclusion, the in-vitro and in-vivo anti-bacteroides activities of MT-141 ranked first among those of the cephem antibiotics compared.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Survey of Bacteroides fragilis susceptibility patterns in France.

The in-vitro activities of 19 antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar dilution technique against 300 isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group, collected from several French hospitals during 1987 and 1988. Results were compared with data determined for strains isolated in 1977. Amongst beta-lactam antibiotics, amoxycillin + clavulanic and imipenem displayed the best activity, although two strains resistant to both amoxycillin clavulanate and imipenem were obtained in the 1987-1988 survey. Chloramphenicol was invariably active against isolates from both periods. Much more resistance to clindamycin was seen in isolates from the more recent survey. Resistance to 5-nitroimidazoles was not observed in isolates from the 1977 survey but was present in a few isolates from the more recent study.

4-Quinolones↗