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PubMed2005

Complementary/alternative medicine for hypertension: a mini-review.

Many hypertensive patients try complementary/alternative medicine for blood pressure control. Based on extensive electronic literature searches, the evidence from clinical trials is summarised. Numerous herbal remedies, non-herbal remedies and other approaches have been tested and some seem to have antihypertensive effects. The effect size is usually modest, and independent replications are frequently missing. The most encouraging data pertain to garlic, autogenic training, biofeedback and yoga. More research is required before firm recommendations can be offered.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2005

The effect of the definition of menstrually-related headache on the response to biofeedback treatment.

Twelve women with either pure migraine headache (HA) or a combination of migraine and tension-type HA monitored HA activity over two menstrual cycles while noting onset of menstruation and onset of ovulation. They then received 12 sessions of thermal biofeedback (TBF) with adjunctive autogenic training. Six women with only tension-type HA participated in similar monitoring before receiving 9 sessions of progressive relaxation training. Results for those with vascular HA showed a significant reduction in HA activity and a reduction in medication taken for HAs. Those with tension-type HA did not respond significantly to the relaxation training. Depending upon how one defined menstrually-related HAs among those with vascular HA, there either was, or was not, a differential effect of TBF on menstrual-cycle-related HA.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Complementary and alternative medicine for labor pain: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for, and critically appraise, randomized controlled trials of any type of complementary and alternative therapies for labor pain. STUDY DESIGN: Six electronic databases were searched from their inception until July 2003. The inclusion criteria were that they were prospective, randomized controlled trials, involved healthy pregnant women at term, and contained outcome measures of labor pain. RESULTS: Our search strategy found 18 trials. Six of these did not meet our inclusion criteria. The remaining 12 trials involved acupuncture (2), biofeedback (1), hypnosis (2), intracutaneous sterile water injections (4), massage (2), and respiratory autogenic training (1). CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of any of the complementary and alternative therapies for labor pain, with the exception of intracutaneous sterile water injections. For all the other treatments described it is impossible to make any definitive conclusions regarding effectiveness in labor pain control.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2004

Coordination dynamics of circulatory and respiratory rhythms during psychomotor drive reduction.

A 0.15-Hz rhythm band in cutaneous blood oscillations in awake human subjects was studied in cardiovascular-respiratory time series of five subjects relaxing naïvely or practicing hypnoid relaxation (autogenic training, or AT). Time series analysis used nonlinear algorithms, time-frequency distribution (TFD), postevent scan (PES) method, and linear fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. This 0.15-Hz rhythm band caused phase synchronization with respiration at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 integer number (n/m) ratios for extended periods. During wave epochs, the 0.15-Hz rhythm band was amplified, causing the 0.15-Hz rhythm band to also appear in interbeat intervals and arterial blood pressure fluctuations. If phase synchronization of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band with respiration was established at a 1:1 integer number ratio, it was maintained and resulted in consensualization of all cardiovascular-respiratory oscillations at this frequency. Simultaneous cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations at about 0.1 Hz did not affect the appearance of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band in the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal. Recent evidence suggests the emergence of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band and n/m phase synchronization to result from nonequilibrium phase transitions operational in the network of lower brainstem neurons and associated parasympathetic neuronal effectors. These findings corroborate our notion of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band as a marker of the trophotropic mode of operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of diaphragmatic breathing on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate.

Psychological procedures, such as self-hypnosis in the form of autogenic training, have been proposed for correcting a deviant, e.g., high blood pressure (BP). In view of the overwhelming evidence for the circadian (CD) stage dependence of any treatment effects, the CD stage dependence of the effects of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) on BP and heart rate (HR) was explored in data from a clinically healthy normotensive subject who, following 3 weeks of ambulatory monitoring as a reference standard, measured BP and HR with a manual monitor at 1-min intervals for 5 min before and after DB (three deep diaphragmatic breaths) and who performed DB for about 2 weeks at about 2-h intervals while awake. The 3-week data series were analyzed by cosinor, involving the least-squares fit of cosine curves with periods of 24, 12 and 168 h. A CD rhythm was detected for BP and HR (P < 0.001 in each case), peaking in the afternoon. Some about-weekly (circaseptan; CS) BP rhythms and 12-h (circasemidian) components were also statistically significant. DB was found to reduce systolic (S) BP. Overall, SBP decreased by 5.9 +/- 0.8 mmHg (P < 0.001) and diastolic (D) BP by 1.4 +/- 0.8 mmHg (P < 0.005), while HR remained at about the same average. The effect of DB on BP was CD-dependent, the largest response occurring in the afternoon, 2-3 h before the peaks in SBP and DBP found in the reference data of the same subject. There was also a 5-10% decrease in SBP around the weekend (Friday, Saturday and Sunday). The results on a single subject suggest the need to collect similar data on others for optimizing by clock-hour, day of the week, and eventually by the marker rhythms BP and/or HR the best times for DB and other procedures. The personalized best time for people on different work/rest schedules for relaxation may be several hours before their BP has reached its highest point in the 24-h span. HR may serve as a marker for DB timing, but the effect on HR of DB was only of borderline statistical significance in the subject investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Psychological approaches in hypertension management].

Stress factors, especially high levels of occupational stress, are associated with hypertension. Several so-called psychological techniques have been applied to hypertension: biofeedback, relaxation techniques (Schultz' autogenic training, Jacobson's progressive relaxation), transcendental meditation, and cognitive behavioral techniques for stress management. Randomized studies show that the best results come from cognitive behavioral methods, whether or not they include relaxation techniques. Other forms of psychotherapy (such as psychoanalysis) may be useful, although their benefits for blood pressure have not been tested in controlled trials. Patients should be informed about the personal benefits they may obtain from psychological treatment. Indications are hyperreactivity to stress, high levels of occupational stress, and difficulty in tolerating or complying with antihypertensive drugs.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in postwar Kosovo high school students using mind-body skills groups: a pilot study.

This preliminary study examined whether the practice of mind-body techniques decreases symptoms of posttraumatic stress in adolescents. Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index questionnaires were collected from 139 high school students in Kosovo who participated in a 6-week program that included meditation, biofeedback, drawings, autogenic training, guided imagery, genograms, movement, and breathing techniques. Three separate programs were held approximately 2 months apart. There was no control group. Posttraumatic stress scores significantly decreased after participation in the programs. These scores remained decreased in the 2 groups that participated in the follow-up study when compared to pretest measures. These data indicate that mind-body skills groups were effective in reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms in war-traumatized high school students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of atopic dermatitis: a comparison of psychological and dermatological approaches to relapse prevention.

A randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of 4 group treatments for atopic dermatitis, a chronic skin disorder characterized by severe itching and eczema: dermatological educational program (DE), autogenic training as a form of relaxation therapy (AT), cognitive-behavioral treatment (BT), and the combined DE and BT treatments (DEBT). BT comprised relaxation, self-control of scratching, and stress management. Group treatments were also compared with standard medical care (SMC). Assessments at 1-year follow-up showed that the psychological treatments (AT, BT, and DEBT) led to significantly larger improvement in skin condition than intensive (DE) or standard (SMC) dermatological treatment, accompanied by significant reductions in topical steroids used. The results corroborate preliminary reports that psychological interventions are useful adjuncts to dermatological treatment in atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

How the public classify complementary medicine: a factor analytic study.

OBJECTIVES: To see how lay people group or classify various CAM therapies. DESIGN: Nearly 600 adults rated 39 relatively familiar branches of complementary medicine on four dimensions: whether they had heard of it, whether they think they know how it works; whether they had tried it; and a rating of efficacy on a 10-point scale. RESULTS: As predicted those most heard of were acupuncture, aromatherapy, herbal medicine, hypnosis, massage and yoga while those with lowest ratings were autogenic training, ayurveda, biochemic tissue salts, chelation cell therapy and ozone therapy. A number of multivariate statistical techniques were used to attempt to investigate the perceived dimensional structure of the different therapies. Slightly different structures emerged depending on the question asked and the analysis computed. CONCLUSION: The 'bottom-up' empirically derived taxonomization of therapies was interpretable and showed 10 different factors. The issue of classifying or taxonomizing complementary medicines is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Synergetics of hypnoid relaxation].

The Autogenic Training (AT) is a well established relaxation technique and psychotherapy tool. We report the use of nonlinear routines, the Multi-scaled Time-Frequency-Distribution (mTFD) for the graphical display of vegetative rhythms, and Post-Event-Scan (PES) for the direct visual identification of coupling between physiological subsystems. Applying these methods to time series of respiration, arterial blood pressure, and cutaneous forehead blood content fluctuations in controls (n = 11) or AT-experts (ATE, n = 11) induced psychomotor drive reduction during orthostatic stress allowed the instantaneous identification of a 0.15 Hz-rhythm. This rhythm prevailed in ATE significantly longer resulting a significantly robust 1 : 1 coupling between cutaneous blood content fluctuations and respiration. Consequently, we hypothesize that the "0.15 Hz-rhythm" in the cutaneous blood content fluctuations described previously which was associated with the subjective experience of profound psychomotor relaxation reflects an order-order transition in peripheral signals of central nervous origin. Results produced with the aid of these analytic tools support the efficacy of the AT induced, synergetic relaxation response.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1996

[Psychosomatic aspects of patients with primary keratoconjunctivitis sicca].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the extent of psychosomatical complaints in patients with primary keratoconjunctivitis sicca (pKCS). METHODS: 20 patients (m:f = 1.19; mean age 49 +/- 7 years) with pKCS were rated according to the von Zerssen Symptom List (psychosomatical discomfort), the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI)-N (emotional status) and -E (extroverted-introverted) and to Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). 54 subjects (m:f = 35:17; mean age 46 +/- 17 years) without any ocular or general chronic disease were used as control group. RESULTS: In comparison to the control group the patients with pKCS showed significantly (p < 0.0001) more complaints (von Zerssen Symptom List), were more (p < 0.0001) emotionally unstable (MPI-N) and more (p < 0.0001) depressive (BDI). No group differences were found regarding extroversion-introversion (MPI-E). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that many patients with pKCS showed psychological problems and disturbances. We therefore recommend an additional psychological treatment (e.g. autogenic training) for these patients to stabilize their emotional condition, which may even have a positive effect on their dry eye problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Relaxation therapy in asthma: a critical review.

This review discusses the relationship between the psychological and physiological factors responsible for airways in asthma and indicates the mechanisms by which psychological methods of treatment may influence airway caliber. The effects of mental and muscular relaxation therapy, systematic desensitization, and biofeedback-assisted relaxation are evaluated in children and adults with asthma. The methodology and results of studies are analyzed critically to present a balanced opinion of the subjective and objective effects of these methods of treatment. Muscular relaxation therapy alone appears to have no effect. Certain mental relaxation techniques, such as autogenic training and transcendental mediation, systematic desensitization, and biofeedback-assisted relaxation, can produce subjective improvement as well as clinically significant improvement in respiratory function and other objective parameters. As with any therapy the response is variable and is influenced by factors such as age and severity of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonneural beta-adrenergic vasodilating mechanism in temperature biofeedback.

Although finger temperature feedback has been used to produce digital vasodilation in normal persons and those with Raynaud's disease, the mechanism and site of this effect have not been studied. In the present investigation, feedback-induced vasodilation was attenuated by brachial artery infusions of propranolol in infused, but not contralateral, hands and was not affected by digital nerve blockade. Quantitative measurements of finger blood flow demonstrated that this vasodilation occurred in arteriovenous shunts in normal persons and in the finger capillary bed in those with Raynaud's disease. Raynaud's disease patients who received finger temperature feedback reported 80 fewer percent symptoms 1 and 2 years after treatment and retained the ability to increase finger temperature and capillary blood flow at these times. These effects were not shown by patients given autogenic training, a relaxation procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Complementary and alternative medicine for bronchial asthma: is there new evidence?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Complementary and alternative medicine is widely used in bronchial asthma. Data on efficacy of these treatment modalities are lacking. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies published since June 2002 on complementary and alternative medicine in bronchial asthma were systematically reviewed. SUMMARY: Studies do not support the use of homeopathy, air ionizers, manual therapy, or acupuncture for asthma. These methods bear some risks to patients related to undertreatment and side effects. There might be a possible, but so far not clearly established, role for antioxidant dietary supplementation, and some natural antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory remedies. However, their effect size compared with the classical treatment and side-effect profile is not clearly established. Strategies influencing breathing technique or perception, such as breathing or retraining exercises, need to be studied over the next few years to establish their additive role in the treatment of asthma. Breathing exercises could improve lung function and quality of life in different studies. Psychotherapy-related methods such as relaxation, hypnosis, autogenic training, speleotherapy, and biofeedback might have a small effect in selected cases, but have not proven to be superior to placebo. Nevertheless, more randomized controlled trials of good methodological quality are required to allow firm conclusions.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2005

Psychologic management of brace therapy for patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: A trial of brace therapy modified by a measured personality pattern of patients with idiopathic scoliosis was performed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of performing personality tests for patients with idiopathic scoliosis who undergo brace therapy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Brace therapy has often been used for the treatment of scoliosis. However, emotional distress can result from this therapy. Few attempts have been made to reduce such stress. METHODS: A test using the Maudsley Personality Inventory was performed on 145 adolescent females with idiopathic scoliosis, treated with brace therapy alone, before the start of brace therapy and 1 month after the start of brace therapy. On the basis of test results, the patients were rated as normal type and four abnormal types. Brace therapy was continued considering the personality pattern of patients. For all patients, changes in psychologic test results, compliance with braces wearing instructions, and correction of scoliosis were analyzed. RESULT: Of the 134 patients rated as normal before the start of therapy, 108 patients were rated as abnormal pattern when tested 1 month after the start of therapy. After performing autogenic training for patients with E-N+ and E-N- personalities, and giving advice to school teachers to decrease the emotional stress for patients with E+N+ personality, 47 patients were finally rated as abnormal pattern. In total, 12 (8%) of the 145 patients dropped out. In dropouts, the average pretreatment deformity of 29 degrees (range: 21 degrees -37 degrees ) had increased to an average of 37 degrees (range, 31 degrees -48 degrees ). CONCLUSION: Psychologic tests may be useful and provide a means of modifying brace therapy tailored to the psychologic conditions of individual patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Two studies of the potential mechanisms of action in the thermal biofeedback treatment of vascular headache.

Sixty vascular headache sufferers who underwent a standard protocol treatment of progressive relaxation and thermal biofeedback with autogenic training were studied for changes in hand temperature (the targeted response) and heart rate (a non-targeted response) to determine how such physiological change relates to reduction in headache activity. Overall, regardless of degree of improvement, subjects showed a significant, positive change over time in their ability to increase hand temperature. It was also found that inability to handwarm at session one of thermal biofeedback training was predictive of treatment success, as was the ability to achieve a fingertip temperature of at least 96.0 degrees F at any point in thermal biofeedback training. In addition, it was found that migraine headache sufferers who were treatment successes had significantly lowered their heart rates from pre- to post-treatment assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Relaxation therapies for asthma: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Emotional stress can either precipitate or exacerbate both acute and chronic asthma. There is a large body of literature available on the use of relaxation techniques for the treatment of asthma symptoms. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if there is any evidence for or against the clinical efficacy of such interventions. METHODS: Four independent literature searches were performed on Medline, Cochrane Library, CISCOM, and Embase. Only randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were included. There were no restrictions on the language of publication. The data from trials that statistically compared the treatment group with that of the control were extracted in a standardised predefined manner and assessed critically by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Fifteen trials were identified, of which nine compared the treatment group with the control group appropriately. Five RCTs tested progressive muscle relaxation or mental and muscular relaxation, two of which showed significant effects of therapy. One RCT investigating hypnotherapy, one of autogenic training, and two of biofeedback techniques revealed no therapeutic effects. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was poor. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of relaxation therapies in the management of asthma. This deficiency is due to the poor methodology of the studies as well as the inherent problems of conducting such trials. There is some evidence that muscular relaxation improves lung function of patients with asthma but no evidence for any other relaxation technique.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1993

Frontal hemisphere lateralization and depressive personality traits.

To assess the relationship between hemispheric differences in information processing and interhemispheric asymmetries in terms of brain bioelectrical activity, we correlated scores on the MMPI Depression scale with interhemispheric asymmetry, measured as peak amplitude and latency of the P3 component of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) at the frontocortical region of 14 healthy unselected volunteers (8 men and 6 women) who were about to start a course in autogenic training. The sample was subdivided into two groups on the basis of the median score on the MMPI Depression scale. Subjects scoring above the median showed a right lateralization at the frontocentral region and a significantly shorter P3 latency at the right hemisphere compared to the left.

Adult↗