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Migrants, workers and refugees: the political economy of population movements in the Middle East.

The author investigates causes and consequences of migratory movements in the Middle East. "Two factors--integration into the world labor market and the fragility of integration within the separate states--largely explain why conflicts in the Middle East have in recent years produced the greatest refugee flows of any region in the world.... The crisis of the secular nation-state in the Middle East will continue as states become either politically or economically more dependent on outside protection or assistance. The challenge by Islamist movements is also likely to undermine national cohesion by politicizing religious identity."

Demography↗

Changing gender roles of Egyptian females.

A high population growth rate in the Middle East is prompting investigators to look for cultural conditions and attitudes that can be encouraged to facilitate lower fertility rates. Population researchers find an inverse relationship between the educational level of females and their fertility, especially in Third World countries. This suggests that education can become an internal cultural mechanism for population control. The author explores this notion using data collected from interviews with 750 teenage girls and their mothers in Cairo, Egypt.

Africa↗

Does international migration follow the oil market situation in the Gulf? The case of Kuwait.

The author examines the impact of oil-price fluctuations on labor migration flows for Kuwait. The emphasis is on the effects of the early-1980s price drop. "After reviewing these flows...this paper will attempt to answer two main questions: (a) Do immigrants tend to remain where they are and become part of the Kuwait of tomorrow, or is return migration likely to be massive? (b) If there is a tendency to remain in Kuwait, is this accompanied by a move towards the integration of foreigners into a new society, or, on the contrary, is the 'separate development' of two distinct societies taking place?"

Acculturation↗

[Editorial].

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Africa↗