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PubMed1991

Anthropometry and health in the elderly.

Measurements of height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and circumferences were obtained along with data on health practices and disease from 424 independent-living elderly in the Houston area. The objectives of the study were to examine anthropometric measurements of younger (58 through 74 years) and older (75 through 100 years) elderly individuals and to assess relationships between these measurements and health behaviors and disorders. Results demonstrated differences in anthropometric indexes due to aging and sex. Individuals who considered themselves to be more active than peers or who smoked had lower values for some anthropometric variables such as body mass index and waist circumference. Those who drank alcoholic beverages had lower values for some variables than those who stated that they did not drink alcohol. Diabetes and hypertension in the younger elderly were associated with higher values of some measurements, including waist circumference and body mass index. Anthropometric measurements in the elderly varied with sex, age, health practices, and the presence of certain disorders.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrophysiological studies in newborns with reference to gestation and anthropometry.

Fourteen full term appropriate for gestational age (FT-AGA) and 11 preterm appropriate for gestational age (PT-AGA) newborns and their mothers constituted study subjects. The mothers were subjected to hemoglobin and serum albumin estimations. Offsprings were subjected to measurements of weight, crown heel length and head circumference along with motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and H-reflex latency (H-RL) at right median nerve. The MNCV was found to be significantly lower and H-RL significantly higher in PT-AGA babies compared to FT-AGA babies. The gestation, crown heel length of baby and maternal serum albumin status were found to be significant independent variables. Multiple regression equations have been derived using these parameters as determinative variables. These equations explained much higher per cent variation than explained by simple regression equations.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

Wrestlers' minimal weight: anthropometry, bioimpedance, and hydrostatic weighing compared.

The need for accurate assessment of minimal wrestling weight among interscholastic wrestlers has been well documented. Previous research has demonstrated the validity of anthropometric methods for this purpose, but little research has examined the validity of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measurements. Comparisons between BIA systems has received limited attention. With these two objectives, we compared the prediction of minimal weight (MW) among 57 interscholastic wrestlers using three anthropometric methods (skinfolds (SF) and two skeletal dimensions equations) and three BIA systems (Berkeley Medical Research (BMR), RJL, and Valhalla (VAL]. All methods showed high correlations (r values greater than 0.92) with hydrostatic weighting (HW) and between methods (r values greater than 0.90). The standard errors of estimate (SEE) were relatively small for all methods, especially for SF and the three BIA systems (SEE less than 0.70 kg). The total errors of prediction (E) for RJL and VAL (E = 4.4 and 3.9 kg) were significantly larger than observed nonsignificant BMR and SF values (E = 2.3 and 1.8 kg, respectively). Significant mean differences were observed between HW, RJL, VAL, and the two skeletal dimensions equations, but nonsignificant differences were observed between HW, BMR, and SF. BMR differed significantly from the RJL and VAL systems. The results suggest that RJL and VAL have potential application for this subpopulation. Prediction equation refinement with the addition of selected anthropometric measurement or moderating variables may enhance their utility. However, within the scope of our study, SF and BMR BIA appear to be the most valid methods for determining MW in interscholastic wrestlers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Food habits & anthropometry of two tribes of Rajmahal hills, Bihar.

A dietary survey was conducted between August 1986 and July 1987, to investigate the various food ingredients consumed by two tribes (the Santals and the Pahariyas) residing in the villages of Rajmahal hills, of Bihar. A total of 651 families of two tribes of Sahibganj (Pakur and Rajmahal sub-divisions) and Godda districts were surveyed. Agriculture and forest products were the principal sources of income and food. Only about 12.6 per cent of the Pahariyas and 28.2 per cent Santals could afford regular meals every day for the whole year. Maize, rice, dry jawar powder and Ghangara were the staple foods of these tribes. Pulses and milk found no place in the diet of the Pahariyas. About 4.3 per cent Mals, 2.9 per cent Kumarbhags and 1.8 per cent Saurias and 7.2 per cent Santals ate fish/meat regularly. Toddy and locally distilled wines were regularly consumed by both the tribes. The amount of cereals, roots/tubers and toddy consumed by the Pahariyas was greater than that by the Santals (cereals: 82 and 64.6 per cent of the total food consumed by the Pahariyas and the Santals respectively). Similar amounts of leafy vegetables (5.1% in Santals and 4.8 to 6.8% among the Pahariyas) was consumed by these tribes. Slightly, higher quantity of non-leafy vegetables was consumed by the Santals (4.4%) than the Pahariyas (2.3% to 3.6%). Mean body weight, height, chest circumference, arm circumference and skinfold thickness etc., of the Pahariyas were significantly lower than those of the Santals.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Can the Body Mass Index and the waist:hips ratio (WHR) affect the correlation between impedance measurement and anthropometry in the evaluation of body composition?].

Among the numerous techniques used to measure body composition, this study utilised anthropometric methods (weight, height, circumference and skin folds) and impedance measurement (measurement of bioelectric impedance). Results from the two methods were compared in order to assess whether BMI parameters and the waist/hips ratio (WHR) influenced this correlation. One hundred and eighty patients (133 F, 47 M) were included in the study. Patients were divided into groups according to the degree of obesity expressed as BMI and WHR. Body composition was evaluated using anthropometric methods (according to Garrow Webster, Durnin-Womersley, modified Durnin-Womersley and Jackson-Pollock) and impedance measurement in which resistive bioelectric impedance is measured using a tetrapolar technique. A good correlation was generally observed in the female population between impedance assessment and anthropometric methods, and this correlation was not influenced by either BMI or WHR. In the male group, on the other hand, the correlation between the two methods was limited by BMI greater than 30 and WHR greater than 1. In conclusion, impedance measurement and plicometric methods are generally compatible, but areas of uncertainty arise in the male population with BMI greater than 30 and WHR greater than 1.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

[Anthropometry in a group of women with a change in glucose metabolism and its somatic effect on the newborn infant].

A total of 156 mothers with alterations in the metabolism of glucose and a control group of 42 other women with their respective children were studied at the National Institute of Perinatology. The group of 156 women was divided in four. The first group included mothers with type I diabetes mellitus; group 2 included mothers with type II diabetes mellitus; group 3 included mothers with gestational diabetes and group 4 contained those mothers with gestational alterations to the tolerance of glucose. The anthropometric indicators of the mother, weight and height at the end of the pregnancy, were compared to their respective children according to sex, while considering the group to which they belonged. The greatest weight medium for those mothers for both the male and female population, was found in group 3. With respect to height, the tallest mothers were found in group 2. When using the correlation coefficient, no significant crossovers were found between the weight and height the mother and the weight, length and cephalic perimeter of the newborn. Our results show that women with greater weight at the end of their pregnancy, had heavier babies, but this does not apply to height. We conclude that the presence of macrosomias or alterations in fetal growth can be reduced when an efficient control and early detection of the alteration of glucose metabolism is found in the mother.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1990

Vitamin B1, B2 and B6 in relation to anthropometry, hemoglobin and albumin of newborns and their mothers from northeast Thailand.

The weight and height measurements of fifty-three mothers and their newborns residing in the northeast of Thailand were recorded. Hemoglobin, albumin and cord blood samples were taken immediately after delivery. The vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status of the women and their newborns was assessed through functional tests. Vitamin B1 and B2 status of the newborns was found to be generally better than those of their mothers. This is not so, however, for vitamin B6. The rate of deficiency in the mothers was highest for vitamin B2 (54.7%). The mothers' height, hemoglobin and albumin concentrations and their vitamin B2 status correlated with those of their children at birth. 50% of low birth weight deliveries (2500 g and below) were included in this study. The risk of a low birth weight delivery cannot, however, be explained by any of the biochemical variables. Although the rate of low birth weight is used commonly to determine mother and child health care, this paper shows that for Hb, albumin, Vitamins B1, B2 and B6, it is not an effective indicator used to determine nutritional deficiencies in mothers.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1990

Anthropometry and knee exertion injuries incurred in a physical training program.

Factors causing predisposition to knee exertion injuries were sought by means of a questionnaire and detailed anthropometric measurements in 39 Finnish Army conscripts picked from a random sample of 56 army conscripts. The subjects consisted of two groups of 18- to 23-year-old conscripts; Group A comprised 29 subjects without knee exertion injuries and Group B 10 subjects who had experienced knee exertion injuries during the physical training program of the first eight weeks of military service. In Group A the physical activity level preceding the military service was somewhat higher than in Group B. In Group B the skeletal dimensions were longer and the body fat percentage was higher than in Group A. We conclude that big size of the subjects predisposed to knee exertion injuries during the training program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anthropometry of the face in lateral facial dysplasia: the unilateral form.

The skull, face and ears of 46 patients with the unilateral form of lateral facial dysplasia were examined at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, using anthropometric methods for the purpose of contributing to the morphology of this syndrome. The classical picture of unilateral facial asymmetry with microtia was found in 13 cases (28.3%). The study showed bilaterally defective mandibular arc measurements in 28 per cent of the cases. The facial damage was associated in 15 per cent with ears normal in size but defective in location, level, and shape. The anthropometric examination revealed a great variety of defects on both sides of the face, often barely detectable by routine inspection. It was also found that great deficiencies in the surface measurements were accompanied by great bone deficiencies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Bioimpedance or anthropometry?

The ability of bioimpedance (BIA) to predict body composition in comparison with anthropometric measurements (weight and height) was assessed on three groups of adult young women (n = 99) and one group of adult young men (n = 49). Body fat (BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) by densitometry were used as the reference data. Resistance and reactance separately or together were poor predictors of BF and FFM, explaining from 0 to a maximum of 21 per cent of the FFM variation in the different groups. BF followed the same pattern, though the percentage of variance explained by both variables was even lower. Height squared divided by resistance (H2/R) explained from 22 to 68 per cent of the FFM variation and from 0 to 40 per cent of BF variation. Height alone was comparable to H2/R explaining from 11 to 53 per cent of the FFM variance in the four groups studied. Body weight was found to be the best single predictor of body composition; it explained from 56 to 78 per cent of FFM and 37 to 82 per cent of BF variability. Using stepwise regression analysis with all women combined, weight accounted for 70 per cent of the total FFM variation, with height and H2/R contributing only another 5 per cent. The same was found in men (68 vs 73 per cent respectively). The reported equation of Segal et al. was applied to our group, yielding almost the same high FFM prediction (r2 greater than 0.7 and SEE less than 2.5 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Validity of anthropometry in classifying youths as obese.

Using densitometrically-determined percentage body fat as the criterion of true obesity, 316 youths aged 8.4-18.99 years were classified as obese or not obese using conventional referent values for five anthropometric indicators of obesity (weight, BMI, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold and percent body fat estimated from the sum of four skinfolds). Estimates of sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and efficiency were used to describe the relative validity of the anthropometric indicators, and the nature of misclassification resulting when the indicators were applied. The indicators were characterized generally by low levels of sensitivity and corresponding high rates of false negatives, i.e. truly obese youths who were considered not obese by the indicators. Although indicators had high specificities, there were significant differences among indicators. The general pattern of high specificity is desirable, given the nature of obesity in youths. Using the validity criteria and conventional referent values, triceps skinfold thickness in boys and BMI in girls are the preferred single anthropometric indicators of obesity in youths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The anthropometry of Western Samoan pre-school children.

A limited survey of the physical characteristics of Western Samoan pre-school children was conducted. The Samoan children appear larger than their European counterparts in early infancy, although this difference is lost by nine months of age. There is a need to establish standards of growth for Western Samoan children. Until these standards are available caution is advised when comparing Samoan infant growth parameters with UK norms.

Anthropometry↗