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PubMedDate not supplied

CT and myelogram findings of os odontoideum.

We reviewed the findings of CT and myelogram of cases of os odontoideum. The diagnosis was confirmed by conventional tomogram in all these cases. Four cases were further confirmed by trans-oral decompression. Cartilage was found between the os odontoideum and the odontoid process during operation in these 4 cases. Four of them had no history of trauma and 2 of them had an associated anomaly; one was Down's syndrome, and the other was barrel chest and congenital dislocation of hips. CT findings of os odontoideum in these cases were a constriction and/or a gap of bony structure between the os odontoideum and the odontoid process. Myelograms showed spinal stenosis as a result of atlanto-axial dislocation, or anterior extradural compression from overgrown cartilage and posteriorly dislocated tip of shortened odontoid process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

An unusual seat-belt injury in a doctor.

The personal experience of a general practitioner who sustained a fracture-dislocation of the atlanto-axial joint is recorded. The inefficient application of an unyielding (non-inertial) lap and diagonal seat belt permitted this injury, although one does not know what other injuries might have occurred had the belt not been worn.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Orthopedic problems of the shoulder and neck.

If one excludes trauma, problems of the neck and shoulder in children are relatively uncommon. Still, the pediatrician or family practitioner should have sufficient familiarity to provide the family with appropriate counseling and referral. This article emphasizes the common problems, but also notes less common conditions that, if unrecognized, may have serious impact on the health and well-being of the child.

Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗
PubMed1992

The ring of C2 and evaluation of the cross-table lateral view of the cervical spine.

The cross-table lateral view is essential in the initial workup of a trauma patient with a suspected cervical-spine injury. The identification of the radiographic "ring" of C2 on the cross-table lateral view is discussed. When a type III odontoid fracture is present, the ring of C2 is disrupted. We propose that "identification of the ring of C2" should be added to the emergency physicians' systematic checklist when clearing a cross-table lateral view of the cervical spine.

Axis, Cervical Vertebra↗
PubMed1995

Transformation of axial skeleton due to overexpression of bmi-1 in transgenic mice.

The oncogene bmi-1, which was originally found to be involved in B- and T-cell lymphoma formation encodes a protein with a domain of homology to the Drosophila protein Posterior sex combs (Psc) and its relative Suppressor 2 of Zeste (Su(z)2) (refs 4 and 5). Psc is a member of the Polycomb-group gene family, which is required to maintain the repression of homeotic genes that regulate the identities of Drosophila segments. The possibility that bmi-1 may play a similar role in vertebrates was suggested by our previous finding that mice lacking the bmi-1 gene show posterior transformations of the axial skeleton. Here we report that transgenic mice overexpressing Bmi-1 protein show the opposite phenotype, namely a dose-dependent anterior transformation of vertebral identity. The anterior expression boundary of the Hoxc-5 gene is shifted in the posterior direction, indicating that Bmi-1 is involved in the repression of Hox genes. We propose that Bmi-1 is a member of a vertebrate Polycomb complex that regulates segmental identity by repressing Hox genes throughout development.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Traumatic atlanto-axial fracture disclocation in a child.

An 18-month-old child was rendered tetraplegic below C6 in a road traffic accident. There was an associated fracture-dislocation of the atlanto-axial joint. Early management, and the probable role of autonomic dysreflexia in increasing the neurological deficit are considered.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1975

[Dorsal stabilization in dislocated fractures of C-1 and C-2 vertebrae with Palacos and wiring].

During 1 year 6 patients with dislocated fractures of C-1 and C-2 vertebrae (fractures of the odontoid process) and 1 patient with a pseudarthrosis of the odontoid process have been treated. 6 patients have been treated surgically by internal fixation of the arch of C-1 and C-2 spinous process by wiring and plastic material (Palacos). No complications occurred. The advantage of the method was early mobilization of the patients and reduction of hospitalization. Clinical and radiographic follow-up studies showed stable fusion on Flexion-extension X-rays and boney union of the fracture of the odontoid process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Changes in the cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].

Changes in the cervical spine in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be shown by A.P., lateral and functional views with maximal flexion and extension, and particularly by tomography. The latter is essential for proper evaluation of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints and of the odontoid. Atlanto-axial subluxation was found in eight out of eighty-four patients. Destruction of the odontoid was found in twelve out of fifty-three patients examined by tomography. The earliest tomographic changes at the atlanto-occipital joint consists of isolated joint narrowing, erosions and fusion and were observed in sixty-four out of sixty-six patients examined. Similar findings at the atlanto-axial joint were observed in thirty-seven out of sixty-six cases. The severity of the changes correlated with seropositivity and duration of the disease. The most marked changes were found with a prolonged history and a positive Rose-Waaler reaction.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed2004

[Fractures of the atlantoaxial complex in the elderly: assessment of radiological spectrum of fractures and factors influencing imaging diagnosis].

OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of atlantoaxial fractures in a population of consecutive elderly patients, including assessment of type, distribution and associated clinical and radiological findings, and to analyze any influence of the causative trauma mechanism on the individual fracture pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distribution and type of 123 atlantoaxial fractures in 95 subjects older than 65 years (range: 65 - 102; mean age: 79 years) were retrospectively assessed. For each subject, trauma mechanism and clinical and neurological status were recorded at admission. Initial imaging studies of the cervical spine were reviewed. Preexistent degenerative changes were assessed and the atlantoaxial fractures classified. Data were evaluated for the frequency of different types of fractures of C1 and C2 and for accompanying fractures of cervical vertebrae or the occipital condyles, respectively. RESULTS: The majority of patients with injuries of the atlantoaxial complex had fractures of C2 (90 of 95, 95 %). A large proportion of these patients (67 of 90, 74 %) had odontoid fractures. An isolated fracture of C1 was present in only 5 (5 %) patients. Associated fractures of the occipital condyles or other cervical vertebrae were rare (10 of 95, 11 %). The main trauma mechanism for atlantoaxial injuries was a fall (56 of 95, 59 %). Elderly patients injured in motor vehicle accidents were more likely to have isolated fractures of C2 and Type III fractures of the odontoid (p < 0.02). CONCLUSION: In elderly patients, fractures of the atlantoaxial complex are mainly caused by falls and almost always involve C2. The trauma mechanism influences the fracture pattern.

Accidental Falls↗