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PubMed1984

Level and pattern of mortality in the Kuwaiti population, 1980.

"Vital registration data together with 1980 census data [are] used for assessing the mortality level among the Kuwaiti male and female population in 1980. Under the eclectic approach adopted in this paper, mortality estimates for different sections of age-spans are derived through various indirect techniques. For early childhood mortality estimates, the method developed by Brass...has been employed, whereas, for old age, mortality estimates are derived through Coale's method.... The results show that, as in the developed societies, Kuwaiti females have lower mortality compared with Kuwaiti males."

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mortality levels, trends and differentials in Kuwait, 1957-1983.

"This paper attempts to discuss briefly the trends in the level of infant and general mortality and the differentials by age, sex and nationality [for Kuwait for the years 1957-1983]. It also examines socio-economic differentials in mortality. The leading causes of death are briefly highlighted as a mixture of diseases associated with developing countries and diseases associated with developed countries." The authors find that "the factors associated with the decline in mortality have been linked with socio-economic development (as for instance, that reflected in the standard of living, nutrition, education and income) and with the expansion of health care and medical facilities."

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Foreign worker dependence in the Gulf, and the international oil companies: 1910-50.

"This article demonstrates that foreign worker dependence in the [Persian] Gulf dates from the establishment of the oil industry in the early twentieth century. The composition of labor inflows [was] mainly determined by political and strategic, rather than commercial, concerns. Contrasting patterns of labor force composition evolved between those areas under British control, which imported labor from the Indian sub-continent, and the independent Saudi Arabia where labor was drawn from more diverse sources including the Italian settlers in Eritrea."

Asia↗
PubMed1986

Economic recession and international labour migration in the Arab Gulf.

"The article examines the broad effects of economic recession on immigrant labour flows into the Arab Gulf states. Attention is focussed on Kuwait which has experienced a significant reduction in new expatriate labour inflows since 1983. At the same time, however, the increasing rate of work permit renewals and of job transfers within the labour market suggest a growing stability of the expatriate workforce. As a result it is concluded that the economic recession may not result in a significant draw-down on expatriate labour stocks."

Asia↗
PubMed1986

[The new migratory deal in Southern Europe].

The author examines migration patterns in Southern Europe during the 1970s and early 1980s, noting particularly the reduction in migration northward from this region. It is noted that "departure potential remains sizable in certain areas of Portugal, Spain, Southern Italy, and most particularly, of Turkey and Yugoslavia. Transoceanic migrations have by no means ceased, as new flows of skilled labor have, since 1974, gone towards Arab states endowed with petrol (oil) revenues. And yet, the paramount fact is most surely the emergence and the proliferation in Greece, Spain, and (especially) in Italy, of basically clandestine (illegal) immigration. This movement is due to the convergence of several factors: economic and demographic disparities between northern and southern shores of the Mediterranean Sea, the sealing-off of borders in Northwestern Europe and the 'carry-over' effect upon nations of 'transit', the extent of the flow of refugees, and--most particularly--the appeal provided by the development, in these new employer countries, of an underground economy accompanied by the extension into industry of the practice of 'undeclared' work. And notwithstanding the series of rules lastly drawn up in Spain and in Greece, such forms of clandestine (unauthorized) migration appear highly likely--to say the least--to persist." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Africa↗
PubMed1986

Migrant workers in the Arab Gulf: the impact of declining oil revenues.

"This article explores the relationship between government expenditure and labor immigration in the Arab Gulf states. This relationship was close and positive during the rapid growth of the 1970s. Using Kuwait as a case study, trends in immigrant labor movements over the period 1981-85 are considered in detail. This analysis shows that the current economic downturn, reflecting the collapse of the world oil prices, has not resulted in the large scale re-export of foreign labor which was envisaged. The reasons for this foreign labor retention are considered and the authors speculate on future migration trends in the region."

Asia↗
PubMed1986

The causes of international labor migrations--a demand-determined approach.

The author first studies the reasons why people migrate using a neoclassical approach concerning income differentials. He tests this approach empirically and demonstrates its limits. A demand-determination approach based on human capital theory is then outlined to overcome these limits and to take into account restrictive immigration controls. Migration from Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, and Turkey to the European Community destination countries is examined. It is concluded that "the demand for immigrants in the destination country is the decisive condition for the phenomenon of international labor migration, and the supply of migration-willing workers is only a necessary condition."

Asia↗