Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “APPARATUS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Study of occlusal-articulation relationships with the help of T-SCAN apparatus.

UNLABELLED: Normal occlusal-articulation relationship between the two jaws ensure the even distribution of the occlusal forces during mastication. Data from the literature and the absence of serious studies evaluating the T-Scan apparatus give reasons for the present study. AIM: To evaluate T-SCAN apparatus for registration and analysis of occlusal contacts in dynamic articulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out with the medical diagnostic apparatus T-SCAN. Out of 180 students (19-24 years old) examined, we selected 15 with intact dentitions without or with some small obturations and Angle class I relationship between the two jaws. Using T-SCAN we made 7 to 10 records in each of the studied students. RESULTS: The occlusal contacts are presented as two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the contour with different size and colour depending on the force of the pressure. A model of the dental arch is superimposed over the registered occlusal contacts. The place of the centre of the force in central occlusion is determined. The trajectory of the centre of the force during movements of the mandible is recorded which allows determination of the direction and amplitude of movement of the mandible. CONCLUSION: The results from the study reveal that the correct use and analysis of the data from the apparatus T-SCAN provide valuable and reliable information for the localization and distribution of occlusal contacts in dynamic articulation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Intramural nervous apparatus of jejunum and rectum in experimental portal hypertension].

Using histological and electron microscopical methods, the state of intramural nervous structures of jejunum and rectum was studied in 92 dogs with experimental portal hypertension. Three phases of changes of portal pressure were detected and its influence upon the intramural nervous apparatus was observed. In phase 1 (first 4-5 days after the surgery) the reactive changes of the nervous apparatus were shown that were more pronounced in jejunum. In phase 2 (day 5 to 2.5 months) the portal pressure was shown to drop; this was accompanied by some signs of regeneration in jejunum and by an aggravation of destructive processes in rectum. In phase 3 of the repeated rise of portal pressure (2.5 to 6.5 months after the surgery), destructive changes in the nervous apparatus were demonstrated that were similar to those found in phase 1. However, the differences in the reaction of nervous structures in different layers of intestinal tube and the heterogeneity of the changes of the nervous apparatus in jejunum and rectum were absent. The association of time of appearance and of severity of structural changes with the elevation of portal pressure suggests the significant role of vascular factor in the morphogenesis of alterations observed in phase 3 of hemodynamic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[A speed-constant rectal lavage apparatus prepared in laboratory].

OBJECTIVE: To design a speed-constant rectal lavage apparatus for assessing the rectal and anal function in liquid stool continence and the degree of fecal incontinence. METHOD: The apparatus was assembled by four common rectal lavage apparatuses, each with a container and a drainage tube. RESULTS: The device could output a pulsed and speed-constant water stream with high pressure, capable of overcoming any rectal resistance change. The test for liquid continence in 12 patients with incontinence (n=12) and 12 normal control subjects (n=12) found that the retained liquid volume was significantly lower in the incontinence group than in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Fecal incontinence could be evaluated with the speed-constant rectal lavage apparatus, which yields objective and quantitative results.

Enema↗
PubMed1979

Urease activity in the contents and tissues of the sheep, pig and chicken gastrointestinal apparatus.

Urease activity, expressed as mg N-NH3/g dry weight per 30 min at 25 degrees C, was determined in the various parts of the sheep, chicken and pig digestive apparatus. The results were as follows. Sheep: contents--rumen 1.25"/-0.09, reticulum 0.78+/-0.02, omasum 0.44+/-0.02, abomasum 0.002+/-0.001, duodenum 0.003+/-0.001, jejunum 0.18+/-0.03, ileum 0.42+/-0.03, caecum 1.34+/-0.11, colon 0.76+/-0.08, walls-rumen 0.88+/-0.16, reticulum 0.38+/-0.04, omasum 0.11+/-0.02, abomasum 0.01+/-0.002, ileum 0.092+/-0.01, caecum 0.14+/-0.03, colon 0.16+/-0.02. Chicken: contents--jejunum 0.028+/-0.009, ileum 0.043+/-0.013, caecum 0.17+/-0.03, colon and cloaca 0.04+/-0.013. Pigs: contents--jejunum 0.02+/-0.01, ileum 0.14+/-0.08, caecum 0.62+-0.12, colon 0.43+/-0.06. No urease activity was found in the walls of the digestive apparatus or the contents of the duodenum in chickens, or in the walls of the stomach and intestine and the contents of the duodenum in pigs. The results show that urease activity in the digestive apparatus of pigs and poultry is lower than in sheep. Inadequate urease activity in the digestive apparatus explains why chickens and pigs are significantly less capable than ruminants of utilizing urea nitrogen as a substitute for some of the protein in the diet.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2005

[Repair of the knee extension apparatus in the treatment of "extension contracture" after femoral lengthening].

UNLABELLED: Restriction of the knee flexion is one of the most frequent complications during femoral lengthening with Ilizarov method. In most severe cases the knee flexion reaches less than 90 degrees, which leads to impairment of patient's activity ("extension knee contracture") and represents difficult clinical problem to manage. MATERIAL: We reviewed 4 patients at the age of 14 to 22 years (mean 19), treated surgically because of severe knee flexion limitation as a complication of femoral lengthening with the Ilizarov method. The mean age at femoral lengthening was 17 years (12 to 20). The indication for lengthening was femoral shortening from 5 to 12 cm (mean 7.5) because of myelodysplasia with club foot deformity (1 case), fibular hemimelia (1 case), sequelae of septic arthritis (1 case) and Ollier disease (1 case). Lengthening with Italian modification of Ilizarov device was used in all cases. In two patients with knee instability the apparatus was extended to stabilize the knee joint (in one case tibial and femoral lengthening was made simultaneously). Femoral lengthening of 5 to 12 cm (mean 7.5) was achieved. Knee flexion before lengthening varied from 90 degrees to 150 degrees (mean 135 degrees) and after femoral lengthening decreased to 41 degrees (20 to 75 degrees). METHOD: Plasty of knee extension apparatus was done 16 months after removal of the Ilizarov device. The procedure includes extensive release of subcutaneous and fascial adhesions around the knee joint (4 patient), patellar retinaculum and ilio-tibial tract release (4 patient), lengthening of vastus lateralis muscle (4 patients), vastus medialis (2 patients) and vastus intermedius (1 patient), mobilization of patello-femoral joint (3 patients), fractional, intramuscular lengthening of rectus femoris 15 cm above the knee joint (2 patients). Intraoperatively 90 degrees flexion was achieved (80 degrees to 100 degrees). In after treatment plaster cast with knee flexion 45 degrees was used. After 4-5 days passive exercises were started using K2 apparatus (continuous passive knee motion) and posterior slabs: one with knee extension for walking and second with knee flexion at the night were used. Active exercises began at the 10th day after surgery. RESULTS: At follow up 10 to 47 months (mean 36) after surgery 105 degrees to 120 degrees of knee flexion (mean 114 degrees) was achieved with full passive and active knee extension at good muscle power. All joints were evaluated as stable in sagittal and coronal planes (including 2 joints with mild instability in coronal plane before surgery). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Femoral lengthening procedure should be realized with proper attention to prophylaxis of knee extension contracture. 2. Knee extension apparatus plasty is effective and save procedure for treatment of so called "extension knee contracture" as a complication of femoral lengthening.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[New artificial lung respiration apparatuses for anesthesia and design of gas flow commutators].

The principles of action of new anesthetic devices and apparatuses for mechanical lung ventilation (MLV) including alternate-flow inhalation generators designed in recent time in VNIIMP-VITA, Ltd. are considered. According to the type of drive, these apparatuses fall into groups of devices with pneumatic drive (Diana) and electric drive (Elan). New technological approaches to design of gas flow commutators for pneumatic drive and respiratory contours of MLV apparatuses are discussed. The design of a new source of stable pneumatic signals providing reliable operation of the control valves of the inhalation and exhalation contours of electrically driven apparatuses. This source allows necessary MLV modes to be implemented during anesthesia.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2006

[GUTI-VAL apparatus: respiratory deficiency and non-invasive ventilation].

Mechanical non-invasive ventilation provides a useful therapeutic option to treat some types of respiratory deficiencies. This apparatus improves the morbid mortality rate and shortens hospital stays especially since it prevents tracheotomy, but it can produce some inconveniences. The authors evaluate the efficiency of the GUTI-VAL Connection Apparatus in the treatment of patients suffering from a respiratory deficiency used along with a CPAP mask in terms of the degree of comfort and acceptance patients have, the prevention of a tracheotomy and of cutaneous lesions. This study, run over a 13 month period, dealt with patients checked into our Intensive Care Unit, a multidimensional unit in a county hospital, suffering from acute respiratory deficiencies or chronic acute deficiencies to whom treatment with mechanical non-invasive ventilation type CPAP with a GUTI-VAL apparatus was applied. The authors conclude that this apparatus proved to have a low mortality rate, few complications and good patient tolerance.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Building artificial neural networks model on portable NIR integrity wheat component measuring apparatus].

The quantitative analysis model of protein in integrity wheat was built by three layers back propagation artificial neural networks for portable near infrared (NIR) integrity wheat component measuring apparatus. The structure diagram of integrity wheat component measuring apparatus, light route structure of apparatus and the spectrum of integrity wheat were given in the present paper. The theory of artificial neural network was briefly introduced and the results of quantitative analysis model of protein were given. For calibration set and prediction set, the correlation coefficient was 0.90 and 0.96 respectively; the relative standard deviation is 3.77% and 4.46% respectively. Because of the influence of light route structure, electrical circuit, and integrity sample forms on the measuring apparatus, some nonlinearity exists between the spectral parameters and chemical values. The results of artificial neural networks nonlinear model were superior to linear model.

Neural Networks, Computer↗
PubMed1991

[Apparatus for electrophoresis on cellulose acetate films].

Type EFPA-30 apparatus for electrophoresis on cellulose acetate films was developed at the Specialized Design Office for Biophysical Equipment of the Moscow Research and Production Association BIOFIZPRIBOR. Three autonomic separation cameras are united in one block, that permits separation of 12, 24, and 36 samples; the apparatus is supplied with time transducer, acoustic and visual indication. Clinical trials of the apparatus were carried out at the Institute of Biological and Medical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, its commercial production is to be started. The apparatus is intended for protein separation and may be used for studies of hemoglobins, serum proteins, lipoproteins, enzymes, and other biologic compounds. Methods for hemoglobin and serum protein separation are presented.

Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate↗
PubMed1991

[Use of the Volkov-Oganesjan distraction-reposition apparatus in treatment of flexion contractures of the interphalangeal joints].

In the submitted paper the authors present their experience with the treatment of flexion contractures by a Volkov-Oganesjan distraction reposition apparatus. The principle of treatment is continuous distension of shortened ligaments. The Volkov-Oganesjan apparatus makes systematic rehabilitation of the joint possible during gradual reposition of the contracture and at the same time prevents damage of the articular cartilage. The group comprised six patients who were treated and followed up. In four a post-traumatic condition was involved, once burns caused by electric current, and in one patient reoperation of a flexion contracture was involved. The mean grade of fixation of the PP joint before operation was 70 degrees. On average correction to 22 degrees was achieved. The mean period of treatment with the apparatus was 21 days. The therapeutic results was evaluated at least three months after removal of the apparatus. In all patients it proved possible to influence the flexion contracture by the method of an external fixation device. No complications of treatment were observed. The method and effect of therapy are consistent with the conclusions of work in vitro concerned with the role of traction in the shaping of ligaments.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A simple apparatus for the determination of the resistance of bioindicators to saturated steam at temperatures less than 100 degrees C., tested with Enterococcus faecium as test microbe].

An apparatus is described by means of which the resistance of microbiological indicators to water vapor at temperatures below 100 degrees C can be determined. The apparatus can be assembled from parts generally available in laboratories. The principle of the apparatus consists in the production of water vapor of the desired temperature under conditions of reduced pressure and its recondensation to water after having passed a special chamber. Accordingly, the device consists of a heated round-bottom flask serving as steam generator, an exposure chamber (B), and a condenser (D) attached to a receiver (E). The bioindicators are exposed to the water vapor in the exposure chamber. A bypass located between the steam generator and the condenser allows for continuous operation even when the exposure chamber is opened. The reduced pressure was achieved by means of a waterjet pump and adjusted by two tandem-joined pressure-regulating valves as needed. The apparatus was tested using water vapor of 73, 75 and 77 degrees C, respectively, and bioindicators containing Enterococcus faecium as test organism. In the range of exposure periods in which bioindicators change from the status "all indicators having surviving test organisms" to the status "all indicators free from surviving test organisms" the bioindicators showed D values of 5.7, 4.4 and 2.9 min, respectively. For the temperature dependence of resistance a z value of 12.5 Kelvin resulted.

Disinfection↗
PubMed1990

[Lengthening and correction of deformation of the femur in children and adolescents using rod and bar-rod apparatus of external fixation].

55 patients with thigh shortening and deformations have been subjected to 65 operations with the use of the rod-based apparatus with outer fixation. Original arrangement diagrams and indications for application of apparatus with external fixation of different versions are provided. Planned lengthening has been achieved with 54 patients. Decrease of the apparatus mass and dimensions, reduction of operative intervention time period, improvement of conditions of remedial gymnastics carrying out and patient self-servicing are considered as advantages of the rod-based apparatus with external fixation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The role of the whole-body stereotaxic apparatus in directed interventions in humans].

All-body aiming apparatuses in conjunction with computed tomography are a new promise in the diagnostic and therapeutic complex. They make it possible to reach any point inside the body from any point on its surface. The space where the target is found is operated by the arms of the apparatus in three planes normal to each other and by rotating two angles round the longitudinal and transverse axis. Guiding of the apparatus on the target is controlled by the computer programme. Immobilization of the patient is achieved by a vacuum cushion. The apparatus was tested under model conditions and is ready for clinical use.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus in foals.

Traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus is a catastrophic injury in the horse. Although this injury has been described in the adult, little information is available in the foal. This paper describes 3 foals with metacarpophalangeal joint instability caused by traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus. Two foals had biaxial proximal sesamoid fractures in a single forelimb, and 1 foal had avulsion of the distal sesamoidean ligaments in 1 forelimb plus biaxial proximal sesamoid fractures in the other forelimb. The foals with single forelimb involvement were managed with splints, and the foal with bilateral disruption of the suspensory apparatus was euthanatized. Both treated foals resumed natural exercise at pasture. Both continue to be pasture sound 2 and 3 years after injury and are to be used for breeding. Management of disruption of the suspensory apparatus causing metacarpophalangeal joint instability using external support was effective for salvage of these 2 valuable foals for breeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Agrin-induced specializations contain cytoplasmic, membrane, and extracellular matrix-associated components of the postsynaptic apparatus.

The aims of the studies reported here were to determine the extent to which the specializations induced by agrin on cultured chick myotubes resemble the postsynaptic apparatus and examine how these specializations form. We found that agrin induces the formation of specializations at which at least 6 components of the postsynaptic apparatus are concentrated: one cytoplasmic component [a 43 kDa acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-associated protein], 3 membrane components [AChRs and globular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)], and 2 extracellular matrix-associated proteins (A12 asymmetric AChE and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan). The accumulation of AChE and BuChE into agrin-induced aggregates occurred in the absence of any change in the amount, rate of synthesis, accumulation, and release, or molecular forms of either enzyme. Thus, agrin affects primarily the distribution of these components of the postsynaptic apparatus and not their metabolism. Agrin-induced formation of AChR aggregates was not prevented by inhibition of protein synthesis, consistent with our previous results that agrin-induced accumulation of AChRs occurs by lateral migration. The accumulation of components of the extracellular matrix would seem less likely to occur by lateral migration and so might require release of newly synthesized proteins; indeed, formation of aggregates of heparan sulfate proteoglycan was prevented by inhibitors of protein synthesis. Thus, different components of the postsynaptic apparatus accumulate in agrin-induced specializations by different mechanisms.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

[The method of finite elements in evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the Ilizarov apparatus].

An accurate, rapid response technique for ascertaining the mechanical behavior of the Ilizarov apparatus has been developed. A widely-adopted numerical method (finite elements), is used to achieve simulation of the apparatus configuration, whereby the orthopedic surgeon is able to custom tailor the apparatus to the clinical situation. Experimental activity verifies the validity of the finite element simulation and provides information on the magnitude and type of loads affecting the apparatus during implantation. From this information it is possible to inocuously derive objective parameters characterizing the evolution of patient rehabilitation.

Fracture Fixation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A makeshift miniature fracture-fixation device: the "domino" apparatus].

The fixation of an external synthetic apparatus on fingers or metacarpals is often relevant to an emergency. In such a condition, particularly overseas, the surgeon does not get all the time and adequate apparatus. So, several expedient measures may be utilized. The authors describe a makeshift apparatus, simple and cheap, giving satisfactory stability when more sophisticated apparatus is not available.

Finger Injuries↗
PubMed1985

Does the oral apparatus of the ciliate Stentor inhibit oral development by release of a diffusible substance?

In the ciliate Stentor, many thousands of basal bodies assemble on the ventral cell surface to form a new oral apparatus during cell division, regeneration and reorganization (oral replacement during interphase). During interphase, oral development is normally inhibited by the presence of the anteriorly placed oral apparatus. A glass needle was used to cut the oral apparatus of interphase stentors in two so that the parts remained intact but separate at the anterior end of the cell. These cells initiated basal body assembly and oral development, usually within 8 h. Basal body assembly can therefore result from disconnection of fibrous structures within the oral apparatus but is unlikely to be regulated by an inhibitor diffusing from it.

Animals↗