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PubMed1993

Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport and Ca(2+)-ATPase gene expression in thoracic and abdominal aortas of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration has been associated with the elevation of vascular tone in hypertensive animals. The increase in free cytosolic Ca2+ may partially result from a reduced activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pump. Accordingly we investigated the Ca2+ transport function and the expression of the Ca(2+)-ATPase gene in thoracic and abdominal aortas of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Total SR Ca2+ pump activity was estimated by measuring the oxalate-stimulated Ca2+ transport rate on crude homogenates. Ca2+ transport was also measured on highly active microsomal fractions. Our data indicate that the Ca2+ uptake rate, expressed per mg of protein or per g of muscle, is greater in homogenates from aortas of SHR when compared with that of WKY rats. In microsomal fractions isolated from thoracic aortas of SHR compared with WKY rats, the activity and density of SR Ca2+ pump were only slightly increased. The SR Ca2+ transport rate and the amount of each SR Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA isoform, i.e. SERCA 2a and SERCA 2b, normalized to 18 S ribosomal RNA, were greater in thoracic than in abdominal aorta in both strains. When compared with WKY rats, the level of each SERCA mRNA isoform is higher in the abdominal aorta of SHR but appears similar in the thoracic aorta. Thus, in contrast to previously published data that documented a depressed SR Ca2+ transport activity in the aorta of SHR, the present data indicate that the SR function is increased. These changes in SR activity are accompanied by quantitative changes in expression of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase gene without alterations in the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA isoforms pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Flow and velocity waveform indices in the ovine fetal abdominal aorta with changes in behavioural state.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which flow and velocity waveform indices are comparable as measured from the ovine fetal abdominal aorta and reflect downstream vascular resistance with changes in electrocortical activity. Nine chronically catheterized fetal sheep were studied near term with continuous measurement of electrocortical activity, perfusion pressure, and fetal heart rate. A cuffed Doppler crystal and a Transonic flow probe on the descending abdominal aorta were used for the simultaneous measurement of velocity waveforms and flow waveforms, with the Resistance Index (RI), calculated for each. Mean blood flow was also obtained from the Transonic flow probe. Whereas the change in cardiovascular parameters between the low- and high-voltage electrocortical activity (ECOG) states was small, with little relationship to the change in RI measurements, across all animals there was an inverse correlation between the RI measurements and fetal heart rate, perfusion pressure and aortic blood flow during both low- and high-voltage ECOG states. The RI as measured from the velocity waveforms showed only a modest correlation to those measured from the flow waveforms. It is concluded that over the range of circulatory change generated with spontaneous change in behavioural state, the RI as measured in the abdominal aorta of the ovine fetus is primarily determined by pulsatile cardiovascular variables rather than lower body vascular resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Acute occlusion of the abdominal aorta.

BACKGROUND: Acute aortic occlusion most commonly results from aortic saddle embolus or thrombosis of an atherosclerotic abdominal aorta. The purpose of this study was to review the experience at a university hospital to better define the diagnosis and management of this uncommon process. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed from patients admitted to Emory University Hospital with acute occlusion of the abdominal aorta from 1985 through 1997. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were identified. In group EMB (n = 16), occlusion was due to saddle embolus. In group IST (n = 17), occlusion was attributed to in situ thrombosis of a severely diseased aorta. Operative procedures performed included transfemoral embolectomy (15), aorto-bifemoral bypass (9), axillobifemoral bypass (5), fasciotomy (3), and thrombolysis (1). The in-hospital mortality rate was 21% (31% EMB, 12% IST), and morbidity was significant and included mesenteric ischemia (6%), bleeding complications (9%), subsequent amputation (12%), renal failure (15%), recurrent embolization or thrombosis (21%), and cardiac complications (42%). CONCLUSIONS: Acute aortic occlusion has tremendous morbidity and mortality even with optimal surgical care.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava thromboses in advanced stage of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

Asymptomatic simultaneous thrombosis of abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava is a rare complication in advanced malignancy. We described an incidental finding of this clinical entity in our patient who presented with advance stage of malignant fibrous hystiocytoma of soft tissue and pathological fracture. The radiological evaluation with spiral computed tomography scan of abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava are presented and the subsequent management highlighted.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1995

[False aneurysm of the abdominal aorta of hydatid origin].

The rupture of hydatid cysts into the abdominal aorta is an exceptional and serious complication of the hydatid disease. We report a case of hydatid false-aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, explored by US Doppler, C.T. and arteriography.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Increased glomerular filtration rate in patients after reconstructive surgery on the abdominal aorta.

Fifty-three patients undergoing elective reconstructive surgery on the abdominal aorta were included in a prospective study to obtain information on postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in relation to increased fluid and sodium intake and decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP). GFR, extracellular fluid volume (ECV) and COP were measured before operation and on the first and fourth day after surgery. GFR and ECV were measured by means of the single injection residue detection method using the inulin analogue polyfructosan-S as marker. The compiled GFR values increased from 92.3 to 103.7 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 (P less than 0.002) on the first day, and to 105.3 ml min-1 1.73 m-2 (P less than 0.001) on the fourth day after surgery. Concomitantly, ECV increased from 8.9 litres 1.73 m-2 (P less than 0.025) respectively. Positive linear correlation was found on the first postoperative day between GFR per 1.73 m2 and ECV per 1.73 m2 (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05) and between GFR per 1.73 m2 and extracellular sodium content per 1.73 m2 (r = 0.38, P less than 0.01). COP was not correlated to GFR per 1.73 m2. The postoperative increase in GFR found in this study is most likely to be the result of increased ECV and renal plasma flow. Whether other factors are also involved remains unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Hemodynamic effects of intranasal nifedipine during clamping of the abdominal aorta].

The haemodynamic changes due to cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta below the renal arteries were studied in ten patients. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone and maintained with fentanyl and vecuronium and inhalation of 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. At the fifth minute, clamping increased mean arterial pressure (Pa) by 11%, systemic vascular resistance (Rsa) by 26% and decreased cardiac output (CO) by 20%. Nifedipine was administered intranasally at this time. Heart rate remained unchanged; mean pulmonary arterial and mean pulmonary wedge pressures were slightly decreased. Pa and Rsa fell to significantly lower levels between the fifth and fifteenth minutes (24 and 43% respectively). Although CO increased by 28%, this was not significant. The administration of intranasal nifedipine during anaesthesia was well tolerated. This study demonstrated that intranasal nifedipine prevented adverse haemodynamic effects of cross-clamping of the aorta below the renal arteries.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Coarctation of the abdominal aorta: current options in surgical management.

Coarctation or hypoplasia of the abdominal aorta is a rare cause of life-threatening hypertension. In most cases the mechanism of hypertension is elevated blood renin levels secondary to associated renal artery stenosis. Medical control of the hypertension is often difficult, and thus patients usually require renal artery revascularization combined with aortic bypass or replacement early in life. Current surgical management should optimize the use of autogenous methods of renal artery reconstruction including saphenous vein aortorenal bypass, splenorenal arterial anastomosis, hepatorenal saphenous vein bypass, and renal autotransplantation. In selected patients the reconstruction can be staged by correction of the renal artery stenosis and postponement of definitive repair of the aortic coarctation until it becomes hemodynamically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Blunt injury of the abdominal aorta.

This review of 27 cases of blunt injury of the abdominal aorta includes 24 cases reported in the literature and three new cases. Automobile accidents were the cause of this condition in 19 patients (70%). Clinical presentation was acute in 70% of the cases, and consisted of either acute arterial insufficiency or an acute abdomen. Intimal disruption occurred in 15 patients (55%) and was the most common anatomic lesion. Atherosclerotic involvement of the aorta was found in ten patients (37%), and in four it contributed directly to the development of this condition. The infrarenal aorta was the most affected segment (92%). The mortality rate was 29% (8/27 patients). Associated trauma occurred in 55% of the cases, but did mot increase the mortality rate. Prompt recognition and proper surgical treatment are essential in the management of this condition.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed2001

Relaxing and contracting activities of heartworm extract on isolated canine abdominal aorta.

Effect of adult heartworm (HW) crude extract on isolated canine abdominal aortic strips precontracted with noradrenaline was examined by recording isometric changes in tension. HW extract caused contraction of the aortic strip at a low concentration (LC) and its relaxation at a high concentration (HC). In aortic strips without endothelium, LC extract elicited a contraction similar to that in the strips with endothelium, whereas HC extract failed to produce any relaxation but instead produced a contraction. The relaxing effect of HC extract was blocked after treatment with 300 microM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, with reversal by additional treatment with 3 mM L-arginine. It was also markedly reduced or abolished after treatment with 3 microM oxyhemoglobin or 1 microM methylene blue. Fractionation of HW extract by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that the relaxing and contracting activities are due to different substances in the extract. The results indicate that HW extract contains 2 different vasoactive substances, 1 causing contraction of canine abdominal aorta via a direct action on the smooth muscle, and the other its relaxation indirectly by releasing nitric oxide from endothelial cells. These vasoactive substances might play a role in HW extract-induced shock in dogs, and in the pathogenesis of HW infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Congenital malformations of the abdominal aorta].

Thirty-four patients with a congenital malformation of the abdominal aorta were observed from 1970 to 2002. Thirty-two patients had associated lesions of the renal artery (ies) and 13 had lesions of the splanchnic arteries. Arterial hypertension was present in 32 patients, and two patients had intermittent claudication in the lower limbs. Two sudden deaths occurred before surgery was undertaken. The 32 other patients were operated on. Aortic bypass was performed in 10 patients. The lesions of the renal artery (47 kidneys at risk) were treated by nephrectomy in two cases and vascular repair in 45 cases. Six reconstructions of the superior mesenteric artery were carried out during the same procedure. There were no postoperative deaths. After surgery, arterial hypertension was cured in 74% of the patients, improved in 23% and unchanged in 3%. The intermittent claudication disappeared after aortic bypass in the two patients concerned. In four patients, deterioration of the renal artery repair led to repeat surgery. All aortic reconstructions remained patent, and no late anatomic deterioration occurred. Surgical treatment of renal artery lesions is necessary in most patients. Aortic repair should be reserved for tight stenoses and should be done as close as possible to the end of the growth phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[A mini-approach to the abdominal aorta].

Results of experimental development of mini-approaches to the abdominal aorta for bypass surgeries are analyzed. Based on 40 experimental aorto-femoral bypasses via transabdominal and extraperitoneal mini-approaches, the main parameters of these parameters were compared. It is demonstrated that transabdominal approach guarantees adequate exposition of all infrarenal part of aorta, extraperitoneal approach -- only a terminal part of the aorta below inferior mesenteric artery. The better quality of transabdominal approach according to all Sozon-Yaroshevich criteria was also demonstrated.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A self-retaining retractor for improved exposure of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.

A simple method of achieving better exposure of the infrarenal abdominal aorta during aortoiliac surgery is reported. Once the aorta is exposed, the peritoneum, retroperitoneal fat and the inferior vena cava are spread by an orthostatic retractor, of a Weilaner type, modified by the author, to meet this particular requirement.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1990

[Dynamic renal scintigraphy of dissecting aneurysm of abdominal aorta].

Dynamic renal scintigraphy on 15 patients of dissecting aneurysm of abdominal aorta extending below the renal arteries were retrospectively studied. The results were reviewed and classified into 3 types according to perfusion images and parenchymal tissue uptake: Type A: symmetric perfusion and parenchymal tissue uptake, Type B: asymmetrical perfusion and parenchymal tissue uptake, Type C: Delayed perfusion of one kidney and symmetric parenchymal tissue uptake. The number of patients who showed Type A, Type B, and Type C were 3 cases, 6 cases, and 6 cases, respectively. In all Type A and 3 of Type B, perfusion of bilateral renal arteries was mainly from true lumen. In the remaining 3 cases of Type B, 2 had one renal artery obstructed with thrombus; 1 had a deformity of one kidney (the blood supply was mainly from a false lumen), suggestive of renal infarction. On the other hand, in all 6 Type C cases, the renal artery where perfusion was delayed was apparently supplied from false lumen. It is suggested in this retrospective study that the findings in Type C, where delayed perfusion of one kidney and symmetric parenchymal tissue uptake were found, were due to the presence of delayed flow through the false lumen; and therefore, specific to cases where the main blood supply of one renal artery from false lumen.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Contrast-enhanced peripheral MR angiography from the abdominal aorta to the pedal arteries: combined dynamic two-dimensional and bolus-chase three-dimensional acquisitions.

UNLABELLED: Wang Y, Winchester PA, Khilnani NM, et al. Contrast-enhanced peripheral MR angiography from the abdominal aorta to the pedal arteries: Combined dynamic two-dimensional and bolus-chase three-dimensional acquisitions. Invest Radiol 2001;36:170-177. RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To obtain reliable contrast-enhanced peripheral MR angiography for imaging peripheral vascular disease from the abdominal aorta to the pedal arteries. METHODS: A protocol consisting of contrast-enhanced, dynamic two-dimensional (2D) acquisition at the feet and calf and bolus-chase three-dimensional (3D) acquisition from the abdominal aorta to the calf was developed and applied in patients with peripheral vascular disease. The performance of this integrated protocol was assessed in 89 consecutive patients. RESULTS: The bolus-chase 3D acquisition was of diagnostic quality in 100% of the acquisitions in the abdomen, 96% in the thigh, and 43% in the calf. The poor quality of the calf acquisitions was due to insufficient spatial resolution, poor arterial signal, and venous contamination. Diagnostic-quality images were obtained in 100% of the dynamic 2D acquisitions of the calf and 98% of the feet. CONCLUSIONS: The combined dynamic 2D and bolus-chase 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography technique provides diagnostic images of the entire lower extremity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in an eighteen-month-old child.

We report the case of an infected aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in a 18 month-old child, discovered by routine palpation of the abdomen during hospitalization for pneumonia. Ultrasonography and arteriography showed a 6 cm aneurysm of the abdominal aorta beginning distal to the renal arteries which occluded the right common iliac artery. The aneurysm was treated by interposing a 6 mm Gore-Tex graft between the infrarenal aorta and the aortic bifurcation. Pathologic examination of the aneurysmal wall demonstrated a leukocytic infiltrate and the presence of encapsulated Gram positive organisms. Arterial aneurysms are exceedingly rare in children. Their etiology is varied: infection, connective tissue disease, trauma, inflammatory arterial disease or other rare diseases such as tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, or Behçet's disease.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMed1996

Blunt force injury of the abdominal aorta.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of injury to the abdominal aorta after blunt force trauma. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective review. RESULTS: A total of 5,676 patients were admitted to the University of Michigan Medical Center with traumatic injury. Seven had injuries to the abdominal aorta after a blunt force mechanism. Five patients had operative repair of the aortic injury, of which four involved orthotopic graft placement and one had an extra-anatomic bypass. Two patients had the aortic injury repaired by endovascular stent placement in the angiography suite. One patient died, and lower extremity amputations were performed in three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair of abdominal aortic injury is preferable for the unstable patient or those with threatened extremities. In the stable patient with viable limbs, treatment with radiologic placement of endovascular stents may provide a nonoperative option for management.

Adult↗