Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ALOPECIA”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Interleukin 1 protects from cytosine arabinoside-induced alopecia in the rat model.

Protection from cytosine arabinoside-induced alopecia by ImuVert has recently been reported in a rat model. ImuVert, a biologic response modifier, is capable of activating mononuclear cells causing release of various cytokines. In the present study, using the young rat model, recombinant human IL 1 beta produced excellent protection from cytosine arabinoside-induced alopecia. Mouse recombinant tumor necrosis factor gave definite but modest protection whereas human tumor necrosis factor gave none. It is concluded that the protection from alopecia by ImuVert is mediated by cytokines, primarily IL 1.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1992

Follicular mucinosis in alopecia areata.

The pathological features of alopecia areata were described in association with those of follicular mucinosis in the scalp pathology of an 18-year-old woman. The immunohistochemical picture of the inflammatory infiltrate showed a high CD4/CD8 ratio (25:1), which was significantly different from the CD4/CD8 ratio in patients with alopecia areata. The abundance of helper/inducer cells along with the involvement of the upper part of the hair follicles might explain the development of follicular mucinosis in this case. Different possibilities were discussed, but the clinical presentation and the follow-up favored the clinical and pathological interpretation of alopecia areata with incidental findings of follicular mucinosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Simultaneous development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and alopecia areata universalis.

Alopecia areata universalis developed gradually over nine months in a 25-year-old woman. When her scalp hairs were totally lost and other body hair began to fall out, the symptoms of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, an organ-specific autoimmune disease, developed rapidly and progressed to diabetic coma. Alopecia did not regress after the metabolic state improved following insulin therapy. Biopsy of the scalp skin revealed significant reduction of the total number of hair bulbs and prominent lymphocyte infiltration into the remaining hair follicles. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and alopecia areata universalis are both thought to be related to the autoimmune mechanism and sometimes coexist. However, simultaneous development of these two disorders is extremely rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Alopecia universalis with remission during pregnancy and prednisolone therapy.

In a 32-year-old woman, alopecia universalis went into unequivocal remission during pregnancy and prednisolone therapy. A skin biopsy specimen showed intense infiltration of the lymphocyte around the hair follicle without immunoglobulin and complement deposition. Autoantibody test results were negative except for the antithyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies. Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes common in Japanese patients with insulin-dependent diabetes were found in this patient. However, thyroid function and glucose tolerance were normal, and other clinical evidence of collagen vascular disorders was not found. In this patient, alopecia was considered to have been caused by autoimmune abnormalities. This is the first documentation of remission of autoimmune alopecia universalis during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Burn alopecia.

Our experience in managing 117 patients with burn alopecia are presented. Most often we used staged excisions of the scarred scalp areas, and by this means we could cover up to 15 percent of the scalp. When the alopecia involved the anterior portion of the scalp, however, a rotational scalp flap was needed to restore the anterior hairline and/or sideburns. For those with burn alopecia of more than 60 percent of the scalp surface, no surgical treatment was effective; the women would often cover their scalps with hairpieces, but the men in our series preferred not to do so.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prevention and treatment of wide scar and alopecia in the scalp: wedge excision and double relaxation suture.

The visible linear scar of the scalp is a cosmetically serious complication of a scalp incision in scalp surgery, forehead lift, and craniofacial surgery, especially on the temporal scalp. Its causes are cicatrical alopecia and scar widening. To solve this problem, we performed the wedge excision of the scalp and the double relaxation suture of the galea in 2 patients undergoing facial surgery through the coronal approach and in 15 patients with scalp alopecia ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 cm in width. The wedge excision using the beveling incision at an angle of 30 degrees to the hair follicles preserves the deep hair follicles of the flap margins and allows the hair to grow into the scar, eventually preventing cicatricial alopecia and camouflaging the linear scar. The double relaxation suture of the trimmed galea with nonabsorbable suture with or without the relaxation incision minimizes skin tension for a long time, eventually preventing scar widening. This procedure was followed by the superficial skin suture for maintaining the skin sutures for a long time and avoiding the injury of the superficial hair follicles. In all patients, we observed an excellent cosmetic result of unnoticed scar line without complications during the follow-up period of 10 weeks to 6 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual location of syphilitic alopecia: a case report.

A case of syphilitic alopecia on the legs of young man is described. Both positive serologic tests and the clinical response to treatment with penicillin suggest that this alopecia was due to syphilis. This report suggests that the physician should be aware of the possible unusual location of syphilitic alopecia at sites other than the scalp, eyebrows, and beard.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Transverse sections for diagnosis of alopecia?

Several authors have claimed usage of sections cut horizontally as being preferable to conventional cuts in vertical direction in the diagnosis of alopecias. In this article, we address in critical fashion, all statements that have been made in the literature that seem to favor sections cut horizontally in contrast to sections cut conventionally (ie, vertically) in coming to a diagnosis of diseases of the scalp. Our assessment reveals that the idea of horizontal sections being advantageous compared with sections cut vertically is based largely on the assumption that counting of follicles is the key to a diagnosis with specificity of diseases of the scalp. But a quantitative approach to diagnosis of alopecias is flawed; it does not allow differential diagnosis of common alopecias to be made with certainty. A qualitative approach, however, based on reliable and repeatable criteria applied in sections cut vertically, allows in most instances a diagnosis to be rendered precisely.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1986

Retinal pigment epithelium function in alopecia areata.

Electroretinography (ERG) and electro-oculography (EOG) were performed in 98 patients affected by alopecia areata (AA) free from ophthalmologic disorders, and in 40 healthy subjects, in order to evaluate whether or not the retinal pigment epithelium of AA patients shows bioelectrical changes. ERG was normal. EOG, on the contrary, showed a significantly depressed mean value in the AA patient group. Furthermore, depressed EOG occurred more frequently in patients affected by alopecia totalis or universalis as compared with multiple patchy alopecia. These findings prompt the authors to believe that the melanocytes may play a prominent part in the pathogenesis of AA.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Angiogenic activity is defective in monocytes from patients with alopecia universalis.

Monocyte/macrophages are important components of cell-mediated immune responses in presentation of antigen, as regulators of lymphocyte function, and as sources of cytokines that modulate functions of cells other than those of the immune system. Their role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) and universalis (AU) has not been explored. This study is an investigation of the function of peripheral blood monocytes from normal subjects and patients with AA, AU, and alopecia totalis (AT), with respect to the principal macrophage-derived angiogenic factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Because neovascularization is a necessary component in the anagen phase of hair growth and may play a role in the pathology of these disorders, we asked whether monocyte/macrophage angiogenic activity was compromised in these alopecias. Purified preparations of monocytes were activated in culture. Conditioned media were assessed for angiogenic activity on the chick chorioallantoic membrane and for concentration of TNF alpha by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both angiogenic and the TNF concentration were significantly diminished in conditioned media from AU monocytes when compared to those from normal subjects and patients with AA. These results show that the function of AU monocytes may be abnormal and that the abnormality may distinguish AU from AA. Defective monocyte/macrophage function could also play a pathogenic role via effects on neovascularization and/or modulation of the immune response.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural observations on the hair bulb melanocytes and melanosomes in acute alopecia areata.

It is well recognized that alopecia areata (Aa) may preferentially affect pigmented hair and may spare white hair, and that regrowing hair in the disease is often initially white. In addition, there is an association with vitiligo and ocular depigmentation. To date, the pathomechanisms of the melanocyte effects are unclear. We have studied 10 patients with untreated acute alopecia areata, and three normal patients without hair loss. Morphologic changes, studied by conventional light and electron microscopy, in the cytoplasm of affected melanocytes often predated nuclear hyperchromatism. Increased numbers of bizarre melanosomes were found in affected melanocytes compared with normal ones; such melanosomes had incomplete or "aborted" melanization, resulting in poor pigment deposition, and were disrupted, enlarged and rounded, with loss of normal ellipsoidal shape. An unusual outer root sheath (ORS) distribution of hair bulb melanocytes was seen. Other atypical melanosome effects included marked pigment displacement into peribulbar and DP melanophages. In the DP clumped melanin granules formed giant spherical complexes without discernible limiting membranes, which were sometimes associated with lymphocytes. These morphologic changes indicate an active involvement of hair bulb melanocytes in alopecia areata.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Female pattern hair loss and its relationship to permanent/cicatricial alopecia: a new perspective.

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common hair disorder of the central scalp. The clinical change in hair density, related to a change in the hair cycle and miniaturization of the hair follicle, is generally considered to be potentially reversible. However, there is now evidence of a permanent hair loss that develops in a subset of women with FPHL. The presence of a perifollicular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and fibrosis is seen without follicular drop-out in biopsies of women with FPHL and with a notable follicular drop-out in a cicatricial form of this condition (heretofore called cicatricial pattern hair loss) as well as in fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution, currently classified as a subset of lichen planopilaris. The potential relationship of these conditions as well as frontal fibrosing alopecia and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, two other conditions of permanent hair loss seen primary in women, is discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2002

Onion juice (Allium cepa L.), a new topical treatment for alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata is a patchy, non-scarring hair loss condition. Any hair-bearing surface may be involved, and different modalities of treatment have been used to induce hair regrowth. This study was designed to test the effectiveness of topical crude onion juice in the treatment of patchy alopecia areata in comparison with tap water. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group [onion juice treated] consisted of 23 patients, 16 males (69.5%) and 7 females (30.5%). Their ages ranged between 5-42 years with a mean of 22.7 years. The second group [control; tap-water-treated] consisted of 15 patients, 8 males (53.3%) and 7 females (46.6%). Their ages ranged between 3-35 years with a mean of 18.3 years. The two groups were advised to apply the treatment twice daily for two months. Re-growth of terminal coarse hairs started after two weeks of treatment with crude onion juice. At four weeks, hair re-growth was seen in 17 patients (73.9%), and, at six weeks, the hair re-growth was observed in 20 patients (86.9%) and was significantly higher among males (93.7%) compared to females (71.4%) P<0.0001. In the tap-water treated-control group, hair re-growth was apparent in only 2 patients (13%) at 8 weeks of treatment with no sex difference. The present study showed that the use of crude onion juice gave significantly higher results with regard to hair re-growth than did tap water (P<0.0001), and that it can be an effective topical therapy for patchy alopecia areata.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia (common baldness) occurring in the female sex.

Androgenetic alopecia in the female occurs much more frequently than is generally believed. The condition is still considered infrequent, for it differs, in its clinical picture and in the sequence of events leading to it, from common baldness in men. To facilitate an early diagnosis (desirable in view of the therapeutic possibilities by means of antiandrogens) a classification of the stages of the common form (female type) of androgenetic alopecia in women is presented. The exceptionally observed male type of androgenetic alopecia can be classified according to Hamilton or to the modification of this classification proposed by Ebling & Rook.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Decreased lymphocyte reactivity and auto-immunity in alopecia areata.

T lymphocyte numbers and functions were measured in forty-six patients with alopecia areata and thirty healthy controls. In patients with alopecia areata, lymphocyte reactivity to extracts of scalp and hair follicles was not detected by 3H thymidine incorporation. 3H Thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes cultured with PPD, Varidase and C. albicans was significantly reduced in cells from patients compared with controls and correlated with the extent of hair loss and the presence of antithyroid antibodies. Decreased lymphocyte responses to PPD and Varidase were not due to the presence of suppressor monocytes because removal of monocytes with carbonyl iron did not increase lymphocyte reactivity. However, responsiveness to C. albicans was augmented by removal of monocytes. T cell numbers were significantly lower than in controls (P less than 0.005); patients with auto-antibodies had fewer T cells than patients without them. The relationship of reduced T cell function and auto-immunity to alopecia areata is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Alopecia areata: light and electron microscopic pathology of the regrowing white hair.

Light and electron microscopic studies have been carried out on fifteen regrowing white anagen hair follicles from seven patients with alopecia areata. Seven bulbs showed evidence of cell injury that was concentrated in cortical keratocytes. Lower bulb matrix cells appeared undamaged though in six bulbs apoptotic degeneration was seen in the lower bulb keratocytes, perhaps indicating early catagen transformation. Melanocytes were identified in all the bulbs except those from one patient. The number of melanocytes and their melanization were much less than in the normal pigmented follicle, and pigment transfer was rarely seen. It is proposed that alopecia areata is a disease of differentiating cortical keratocytes. The failure of pigmentation in the regrowing white hair may be post-inflammatory, but the various other pigmentary features of alopecia areata, especially the sparing of senile white hairs, suggest that pigmentary mechanisms in the hair bulb are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Immunological profiles in alopecia areata.

Cell-mediated immunity and auto-immune phenomena were investigated in sixty patients with active alopecia areata of various degrees of severity. Serum auto-antibodies to thyroid antigens were detected in twenty-three patients. Examination of T-lymphocyte populations, lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and lymphokine production in response to mitogen stimulation revealed no differences between the sixty patients and matched healthy control subjects. However, patients with thyroid auto-immunity and/or the presence of alopecia totalis or universalis showed significant reductions in interactive T lymphocytes (recognized by rosette formation with human B lymphoblastoid cells) and diminished production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor in response to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin. This suggests that immune mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata which is associated with thyroid auto-immunity or which progresses to total hair loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Diphencyprone in the treatment of long-standing alopecia areata.

Thirty-six patients with alopecia areata of 1-54 years duration entered a study of treatment with the contact allergen diphencyprone for 8 months. Following sensitization the diphencyprone was applied to one half of the scalp at weekly intervals, the other half acting as a control. Once hair growth was established on one side, the other side was treated. Seven patients did not continue treatment and one patient showed spontaneous regrowth. Of the remaining 28 patients who persisted with treatments, fourteen (50%) regrew hair on the treated side; eight (29%) had a cosmetically acceptable result with the regrowth of terminal hair over the whole scalp. No statistically significant differences were found in age or duration of alopecia between those who regrew and those who did not. We have found diphencyprone to be an effective stimulator of hair growth in patients with severe and long-standing alopecia areata.

Adolescent↗