Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADOLESCENCE”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The sexual and contraceptive socialization of black adolescent males (black adolescent sexuality).

The major source, quantity, and quality of sex and contraceptive information African-American males received as teenagers, and the impact of that information on sexual and contraceptive behavior, were examined among 250 males ranging in age from 12 to 70 years. Mothers were the major sources of sex and birth control information for the adolescent, young adult, and middle adult groups. Fathers and male friends were the second sources most indicated. All of the sample received sex information, and only a small proportion received no birth control information. The amount of sex information received was found to be a significant predictor (P = 0.0018) of the age at first intercourse and the regularity of use of birth control after that. The amount of birth control information received was also a significant predictor (P = 0.0093) of the regularity of use of birth control after the first coitus. Because parents influence their children's behavior through a socialization process, their support of their teenage sons in matters of sexuality and contraception may be of potential value in mitigating the effects of early, unprotected sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Coping ability at mid-life in relation to genetic and environmental influences at adolescence: a follow-up of Swedish twins from adolescence to mid-life.

From 1964 to 1971, twins and singleton controls were followed from 10 to 16 years of age in Swedish schools. It was a nationally representative sample of 323 twin pairs, and 1193 classmate controls. In 1991 a follow-up was made of this sample with the purpose of investigating genetic influences on experienced family and school environments, as well as coping ability at the age of 35. The follow-up also evaluated the relation between coping ability at mid-life and family environment, as well as coping ability and school environment at adolescence for males and females. Genetic influences on perceived family and school environments, as well as on self-reported coping ability, have been investigated by means of comparisons of MZ and DZ twin pairs. A stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to assess environmental influences on coping ability at mid-life. The findings indicated that coping ability at mid-life is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Different environmental factors were operating for males and females, however. The results demonstrate that early environmental factors and genetic disposition have a long-term effect on coping ability.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

[Eating disorders in early adolescence--study from the section on young adolescent nutrition in Jerusalem].

Young adolescents were assessed with regard to cognitive, socio-cultural and behavioral components of eating disturbances. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 5th-8th grade pupils, 280 girls and 251 boys, to assess eating habits, body image, self-confidence, environmental-cultural influences, risk behaviors and socio-economic state. Girls scored consistently higher on all weight-control behaviors. Discontent with own body, and attitudes and behaviors associated with eating disorders, were reported by under-studied populations such as boys and younger girls. Both frequency and severity of weight-control behaviors were associated with "social age." Highly significant differences between scores of 6th and 7th graders indicate that they may be at a time of increased susceptibility. Measuring the influence of the mass media gave inconsistent results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The changing nature of the parent-adolescent relationship from early to late adolescence.

This research analyzes changes in the parent-child relationship that help clarify the balance between individuation and cohesiveness over the period from age 11 to 17. Data were collected from mothers, fathers, and oldest children in 110 families whose oldest child was 11, 14 or 17. Three methods were involved: a survey of attitudes about family decision making, independence, love, understanding, and satisfaction with parenting; Loevinger's measure of ego level for parents and children; and an open-ended assessment of qualities family members admired in one another. The results provide insight into expectations and processes involved in revising the quality of parent-child relationships during early adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Smoking, body image and dieting habits among adolescents. A 3-year follow-up of adolescents aged 15-18 years].

Several studies indicate that the differences in smoking habits which have hitherto prevailed between the sexes are decreasing, partly because of the increase in smoking among young Norwegian women. It has been suggested that concern about body image and weight gain is of particular relevance to women taking up smoking. In this article we present findings from a cohort study among 646 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 18 years. The results indicate that boys start smoking later than girls, and that concern about weight gain, body image and dieting plays a more important role in girls' than in boys' smoking habits at the age of 15. These factors are unrelated to boys' smoking habits at the age of 18, whereas they contribute significantly in predicting girls' smoking habits three years later. Furthermore, the results show that among girls, those who smoke are more concerned about gaining weight. Our findings emphasize the importance of implementing smoking prevention programmes at different age levels, using different motivating factors for boys and girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The outcome of adolescent eating disorders: findings from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study.

The study aimed to ascertain the outcome of adolescent onset eating disorders in a representative cohort of females. The design was a seven wave cohort study conducted over 6 years. 982 female participants from a total sample of 2032 secondary school students initially aged 14-15 years at 44 schools in the state of Victoria Australia. Branched questionnaires (BET) were used for assessing symptoms of eating disorder. A partial syndrome was defined where a subject met two DSM-IV criteria for either anorexia or bulimia nervosa. The revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R) was used for assessing depression and anxiety, and self-report frequency of use and retrospective diaries for substance use. The mean point prevalence of eating disorders in females between 15-18 years at the partial syndrome level was 2.4 % (1.8-31). At follow-up at the age of 20 years the point prevalence was 3 % (1.9-4.1). In all 8.8 % reported an eating disorder across the six year study period. Eleven percent of those with eating disorder in the teens had persisting disorder at follow-up. In contrast, close to 50 % had high levels of depression and anxiety, a finding that was particularly marked for those with the partial syndrome of bulimia nervosa during the teens. The bulimia group tended to report a higher level of heavy alcohol use at follow-up. Eating disorders at the partial syndrome level are common in young women but most teenage syndromes are brief and self-limiting. The findings are consistent with the partial syndrome of bulimia nervosa being viewed as a variant of affective disorder with different associated behaviours at particular developmental points.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The relationship between physical maltreatment and substance use among adolescents: a survey of 95,788 adolescents in Hong Kong.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of corporal punishment and the infliction of injuries from a beating occurring without provocation in the previous 6 months among secondary school children in Hong Kong, and to examine the associations between these two forms of physical maltreatment with substance-use-related behaviors and attitudes. METHODS: Using secondary data, a cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous survey of 95,788 secondary school students was conducted in Hong Kong. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical maltreatment showed statistically significant associations with younger age, attendance in Chinese-speaking day schools, temporary housing, residence with only one parent, poorer parental relationship, greater peer influence, perceptions of excessive academic pressure, and feelings of being blamed for poor academic performance. Adolescents who had experienced corporal punishment were more likely to be current users of alcohol (OR = 1.11), tobacco (OR = 1.31), psychoactive substances (OR = 1.60), or heroin (OR = 1.90). Those who had been beaten to injury by a family member without provocation within the past 6 months also were more likely to be current users of alcohol (OR = 1.35), tobacco (OR = 1.65), psychoactive substances (OR = 2.39), and heroin (OR = 3.07). Additionally, students who experienced physical maltreatment were more likely to be acquainted with habitual substance users, have better access to psychoactive substances, to have engaged in sex after abusing drugs, have obtained money from illegal sources to purchase drugs, and believe that psychoactive substances are not harmful or addictive. CONCLUSIONS: Physical maltreatment showed strong associations with drug-related behaviors and attitudes, after adjusting for potential confounders. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the causal direction of the relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Adolescents and their parents' perceptions about parenting characteristics. Who can better predict the adolescent's academic competence?

This study examined family factors reported by parents and their children in relation to children's academic competence. Adolescents and their parents (N=323) reported about the same family characteristics: parental acceptance and involvement in the children's education. Measures related to children's academic competence were: academic competence rated by the teacher, self-reported grades, perceived academic competence and motivational orientation. The results revealed low interrater agreement in family measures. Moreover, ratings by children about parenting characteristics seem higher than those of their parents in predicting academic-related measures. This was true especially in the case of children's reports on acceptance. However, in the case of involvement, parent's reports contributed towards predicting a higher number of variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents who are sexually abusive of others. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Working Group on Quality Issues.

The assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with sexually abusive behavior requires an understanding of normal sexual development. A multiplicity of biological and psychosocial factors determines the child's sexual development, gender role, sexual orientation, patterns of sexual arousal, sexual cognitions, sexual socialization, and the integration of sexual and aggressive patterns of behavior. The individual's sexuality evolves in concert and as a result of interaction with family, ethnic, social, and cultural influences. These parameters summarize what we know about the epidemiology and phenomenology of sexually abusive youths and provide guidelines for the assessment and the selection of treatment interventions for these youths. Essential considerations in the assessment and treatment of sexually abusive youths, as well as the different categories of sexually abusive youths which should be recognized and which influence treatment decisions, are presented. The spectrum of currently available psychosocial and biological treatments will be summarized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Living habits and personality development of adolescent twins: a longitudinal follow-up study in a birth cohort from pregnancy to adolescence.

The living habits of 289 twins in a one-year birth cohort beginning during pregnancy and followed up to adolescence were compared with those of 11,623 singletons and two sets of controls matched either by maternal factors and place of residence only or by these and perinatal morbidity, all from the same cohort. The twins went in for sports more often than the singletons or any kind of controls. A nonsignificant trend was found indicating that twins smoked less often than their matched controls. The twins also used alcohol less often than their controls. The intrapair similarities of twins were higher than the similarities of twins and either type of controls in all four variables tested: sports, smoking, use of alcohol, as well as having been drunk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Perceptual distortion of body image in adolescent girls: distortion of body image in adolescence.

Body image estimations in 86 normal-weight adolescent girls showed (a) a tendency to overestimate body width and underestimate body length and (b) an association between the younger ages and the extent of overestimation of body width. In particular there is a sharp drop in overestimation between ages 10 and 11 and thereafter a more gradual and non-significant decline. These age-specific normative data are useful in assessing body image distortions in a variety of medical and psychiatric disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health status of adolescents: what relations with family image? Adolescents Work Group].

INTRODUCTION: Many studies have been carried out recently to investigate the relationship between health conditions and family and self characteristics. OBJECTIVES: To identify family characteristics (such as type of family, socio-economic status, parent immigration, affection for parents, parents' psychological and physical health) and self characteristics (age, drug use, satisfaction for several life circumstances, psychosomatic symptomatology) that are differently distributed by sex and levels of psychological and physical distress among teen-agers. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study on a sample of teen-agers attending high school in Pavia (Italy), using a self-administered questionnaire. The students were divided in four groups having different levels of psychological and physical distress, based on GHQ-30 (psychological distress indicator), on the number of hospital admissions and consultations to a physician in the last year (the last two are physical distress indicator). Data were analysed applying the multivariate analysis of Canonical Variate. RESULTS: 1346 students were sampled, but only 1189 questionnaire were analysed: 36.8% regarding males and 63.2% females. The Canonical Variate analysis indicated that psychosomatic symptomatology, satisfaction for several life circumstances and affection for parents are important for describing the four distress groups. CONCLUSIONS: Only affection for parents has an important role on psychological and physical distress of adolescents, while family characteristics traditionally considered associated with psychological and physical distress in teen-agers (such as living with one or without parents, low socio-economic status) are not associated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Mom and dad are at it again: adolescent perceptions of marital conflict and adolescent psychological distress.

In these two studies, the authors used children's perceptions of family relationships to examine simultaneously direct and indirect links between marital conflict and child adjustment. With data pertaining to 146 sixth and seventh graders, Study 1 supported direct and indirect effects of perceptions of marital conflict on internalizing behaviors, and indirect effects for externalizing behaviors. In Study 2, data analyzed from 451 families showed indirect effects of marital conflict and parent-to-child hostility, through adolescent perceptions of such behavior, on both current distress and distress 12 months later in 3 of 4 models estimated. Direct and indirect effects were found for boys' concurrent internalizing behavior. Implications and limitations of both studies are discussed to address the need for a more sophisticated theoretical approach to examine why an association exists between marital conflict and child adjustment.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Adolescent alcohol use and suicide indicators among adolescents in Hawaii.

Research on suicide has focused on gender, age, ethnicity, and psychiatric profiles. However, few studies have examined alcohol use and its relationship to suicide among Native Hawaiians and other Asian American/Pacific Islanders. This study analyzes data from the 1997 and 1999 Hawaii Youth Risk Behavior Survey to examine whether alcohol problems increase the risk for suicide indicators (as evidenced by responses to questions asking whether an individual has considered, planned, attempted, or required treatment for a suicide attempt). Drinking pattern was the best predictor for all suicide indicators. School and community-based programs can help to increase an adolescent's knowledge about the consequences of alcohol use and prevention of suicide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Nickel sensitization in adolescents and association with ear piercing, use of dental braces and hand eczema. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on Atopic Diseases and Dermatitis (TOACS).

The prevalence of nickel allergy (sensitization) and the associations with ear piercing, use of dental braces and hand eczema were assessed in a cohort of 1,501 8th grade schoolchildren (aged 12-16 years) in Odense, Denmark. Nickel allergy was found in 8.6% and was clinically relevant in 69% of cases. Nickel allergy was found most frequently in girls and the association with ear piercing was confirmed. Application of dental braces (oral nickel exposure) prior to ear piercing (cutaneous nickel exposure) was associated with a significantly reduced prevalence of nickel allergy. In adolescents a significant association was found between hand eczema and nickel allergy. A follow-up study of this population is planned in order to assess the course and development of contact dermatitis, hand eczema and atopic diseases in adulthood and after choice of occupation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Type I sensitization in adolescents: prevalence and association with atopic dermatitis. The Odense Adolescence Cohort Study on Atopic Diseases and Dermatitis (TOACS).

The prevalence of Type I sensitization and its relationship to atopic dermatitis were assessed in a cohort of 1501 8th grade schoolchildren (aged 12-16) in Odense, Denmark. The protocol included a questionnaire, a clinical examination, IgE measurements and skin prick tests. A history of atopic dermatitis was found in 21.3%, allergic asthma in 6.9% and allergic rhinitis in 15.7% of the adolescents. One or more positive specific IgE measurements (CAP FEIA) were found in 29.6% of the schoolchildren (inhalant allergens 28.4%, food allergens 8.5%, pityrosporum ovale 1.5%) and a considerable proportion were sensitized without clinical relevance. The association between atopic dermatitis and Type I sensitization was related to concomitant inhalant allergy. A clear association with atopic dermatitis was indicated only for the allergen pityrosporum ovale.

Adolescent↗