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PubMedDate not supplied

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Ireland as hosts for parasites of potential zoonotic and veterinary significance.

Intestinal washes, faecal flotations and serological examinations for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were used to assess the prevalence of parasites in carcases of foxes killed on roads or shot in the Dublin area and surrounding counties. The ascarids Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara canis were prevalent, as was the trematode Alaria alata. Taenia species, eggs of Capillaria species and sporocysts of Sarcocystis species were also found. Only one fox out of 70 examined was seropositive for N. caninum, whereas 24 of 51 were seropositive for T. gondii.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1991

[A potential zoonotic parasitosis: Coccidial dermatitis due to Caryospora. New techniques for exploration within human nutrition].

The genus Caryospora belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, class Sporozasida, order Eucoccidiorida. The primary hosts of its species, the best known of which are C. simplex Leger 1904 and C. bigenetica Wacha and Christiansen 1982, are carnivorous reptiles and birds of prey. The life cycle of the parasites, in these primary hosts, is a typical coccidian one, monoxenous, leading to the production of sporulated oocysts, infectious for snakes and birds, in the enterocytes of which the parasite will evolve. Beside this life-cycle, another one may take place, involving secondary hosts; these are rodents, getting infected by sporulated oocysts produced by the primary hosts, and which allow an exenteral but complete life-cycle, in various tissues, mainly connective tissue and dermis. The upshot of this life-cycle is the production of caryocysts formed from sporozoïtes having left the sporulated oocysts in the infected exenteral tissues. An interesting point is that dog and pig may be infected either from oocysts emitted by primary hosts, or by consuming infected secondary hosts bearing caryoscysts. As a matter of fact, the infection can evolve among secondary hosts, without any passage in primary hosts. The infected dogs exhibit a severe, sometimes generalized pyo-granulomatous dermatitis, that, in deficient animals, may be associated with a poor general state of health. On the other hand, Caryospora species may grow and evolve in human cells grown in vitro. According to all these facts, one cannot help conjuring up the possibility, for man, to get the caryosporan infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Primates as a source of Entamoeba histolytica, their zymodeme status and zoonotic potential.

A survey of 17 species of non-human captive primates in Quebec, Canada, revealed that 40% of the animals were infected with the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Isoenzyme analysis of lysates prepared from cultured amebic isolates showed them to belong to either a zymodeme III or VIII, and therefore, characteristic of non-pathogenic strains of E. histolytica from humans. These isolates were also of low virulence in gerbil ceca. Serum samples from infected and uninfected primates had negative titres for E. histolytica and all the animals appeared to be healthy.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1982

The zoonotic potential of reservoirs of leishmaniasis in the Old World.

A 'good' reservoir of leishmaniasis in the Old World is judged according to five criteria: contact with man, chronic susceptibility, good presentation of the disease organism, intimate contact with the phlebotomine sandfly vector and major source of blood meals for the vector. The endemics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Soviet Asia and of visceral leishmaniasis in the South of France are examined in the light of these criteria. Other special examples of the criteria are highlighted and the exceptions cited. A table lists the present knowledge of the existence of reservoirs of Old World leishmaniasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Survey of veterinarians' recommendations for treatment and control of intestinal parasites in dogs: public health implications.

A systematic, random sample of 450 small and mixed-animal practitioners was selected from the client list of a prominent veterinary pharmaceutical and animal health company. A telephone survey was conducted, using a standard questionnaire, to assess whether current veterinary practices concerning prophylaxis and treatment of canine roundworm (Toxocara canis) and hookworm (Ancylostoma spp) infections are adequate to prevent transmission to human beings. Analysis of results focused on 3 questions related to prevention: practitioner's frequency of client education regarding zoonotic potential of roundworms and hookworms, pup age at which veterinarian recommends first anthelmintic treatments, and proportion of veterinarians recommending prophylactic drug administration for pups and nursing bitches. Despite the proven association of household pet dogs and human toxocariasis, only a third (148/450) of veterinarian respondents routinely discussed the potential zoonotic hazards of canine roundworms with their clients. A total of 29% (130/450) of veterinarians surveyed either never discussed these potential hazards or discussed them only when asked by their clients. With regard to anthelmintic treatment practices, 31% (140/450) of veterinarians surveyed recommended that pups first be examined and treated for intestinal parasites within 4 weeks of age. Thirty-three percent (163/450) recommended first examination and deworming at 5 to 6 weeks of age, and 36% (163/450) suggested that it be done at or after 7 weeks of age. Less than half (208/450) of veterinarians administered anthelmintics prophylactically to at least some pups and dogs. Sixty-four percent (287/450) of respondents recommended routine testing and treatment of nursing bitches.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ancylostomiasis↗
PubMed2025

Clinical and Microbiological Insights into Caseous Lymphadenitis in Sheep and Goats in Khorasan Razavi, Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic bacterial disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, significantly impacts small-ruminant health and productivity worldwide, causing economic losses through reduced wool and milk yields, reproductive issues, and carcass condemnation. Despite its importance, CLA prevalence and microbial dynamics remain under explored in Iran, where small ruminants are vital to rural economies. This study assessed the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and bacteriological profile of CLA in Khorasan Razavi Province, northeast Iran, to inform regional control strategies and address potential zoonotic risks. MATERIALS & METHODS: We examined 15 flocks totaling 4,733 animals (4,640 sheep, 93 goats) through clinical inspections and microbiological analysis of pus samples from affected lymph nodes. RESULTS: The results revealed a lymphadenitis prevalence of 11.59% (95% CI, 10.58%, 12.66%), with 8.62% of sheep (400/4640) and 8.60% of goats (8/93) affected, varying across flocks from 0% to 28.57%. Submandibular lymph nodes were most commonly affected (51.35%), followed by retropharyngeal (18.02%) and parotid (15.32%) nodes, with peak incidence in the 2-3-year age group (38.24%), likely linked to shearing practices. Bacteriological analysis of 102 pus samples identified C. pseudotuberculosis in 19.6% (20/102) of cases, characterized by small, dry, white colonies with β-hemolysis on Columbia blood agar. A diverse microbial profile included Actinobacillus spp. (7.8%), Trueperella pyogenes (3.9%), and novel isolates like Acinetobacter spp. and Yersinia spp. (1.0% each), with 43.14% of samples sterile, suggesting chronicity or sampling challenges. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate CLA etiology is complex, extending beyond a single pathogen and influenced by local husbandry practices. The study underscores CLA's economic burden and zoonotic potential, given rare but documented human cases. Integrated control measures-enhanced molecular diagnostics, recombinant phospholipase D (PLD) vaccine trials, and improved biosecurity-are urgently needed. Future research should prioritize genomic strain typing and environmental reservoir analysis to refine CLA management in Northeast Iran, offering insights applicable to similar agroecosystems globally.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Incidence of zoonotic diseases in military working dogs serving in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.

The United States deployed 118 military working dogs (MWDs) to the Persian Gulf theater during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. This study is a retrospective descriptive study of medical records of these deployed dogs, with the objective to determine whether there were infectious or parasitic diseases with a zoonotic potential in a sentinel population of MWDs that may be of concern to Persian Gulf veterans. Fifty-one percent of visits to veterinary treatment facilities during deployment were for illness or injury. Potential zoonotic conditions accounted for 21% of the total visits, 41% of the "sick-call" visits, and 63% of presentations for illness to veterinary treatment facilities. This study did not determine whether the diseases treated were transmitted between MWDs and the troops. Although the etiologic agents were not determined in these cases, no evidence was found supporting new or reemerging illnesses in this population of dogs.

Absenteeism↗