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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pandemic influenza: a zoonosis?

In the last two decades, influenza A viruses have been found to occur throughout the animal kingdom, mainly in birds, notably aquatic ones, in which infection is largely intestinal, waterborne, and asymptomatic. The domestic duck of southern China, raised in countless numbers all year round mainly as an adjunct to rice farming, is the principal host of influenza A viruses. Studies based on Hong Kong H3N2 viruses from southern China suggest that pandemic strains originate from the domestic duck there and are transmitted to humans via the domestic pig, which acts as a "mixing vessel" for two-way transmission of viruses. This provides further support for the hypothesis that the region is a hypothetical influenza epicenter. Rural dwellers in the epicenter show serological evidence of contact with non-human influenza A viruses. Two hypotheses are advanced for the range of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of viruses that can cause pandemics (1) circle or cycle limited to H1, H2, and H3 subtypes, thereby implying that a virus of the H2 subtype will cause the next pandemic; and (2) spiral, by which any one of the 14 HA subtypes recorded to date may be involved. Consideration is given to the temporal and geographical factors and range of hosts, namely the duck, pig, and human, that need to be submitted to virus surveillance in China and beyond to attempt to anticipate a future pandemic. Evidence is presented that points strongly to pandemic influenza being a zoonosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Chiroptera and zoonosis: an emerging problem on all five continents].

Zoonosis is the cause of the vast majority of emerging diseases. Bats that occupy the second place in the mammal class play an important role. Whether they belong to the microchiroptera suborder or to the megachiroptera suborder, bats on all five continents have been implicated in transmission of numerous pathogens including not only viruses such as Lyssavirus (e.g. rabies), Hepanivirus (e.g. Hendra and Nipah virus) and recently coronavirus (e.g. SARS-like coronavirus and Ebola virus) but also fungus such as histoplasmosis. By modifying environmental conditions and encroaching on their biotope, human intervention has probably contributed to the introduction of chiropteras into an epidemiologic chain in which they previously had no place, thus promoting the emergence of new pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis].

Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis. This review presents data from Europe and Poland on the prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The most common nematodes were geohelminths: Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis and Toxocara leonina. As concerning Trichinella genus T. britovi was found more often than T. spiralis. Among tapeworms the following species were recorded: Mesocestoides lineatus, Taenia sp., and Echinococcus multilocularis. Detected cases of E. multilocularis together with an increase of fox population during last few years create a potential human risk of infection. The results of many studies indicate rare presence of trematodes (Alaria alata) and protozoan parasites (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Leishmania spp., Eimeria spp.) in red foxes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Tuberculosis as a zoonosis].

There are more than 700 different kinds of major zoonosis. Among them, tuberculosis is important, since mycobacteriosis, including tuberculosis, is common among non-human primates and ruminants. Although the natural host of tubercle bacilli is human, many kinds of animals are susceptible to Mycobacterium spp., including Mycobacterium bovis and other non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. In Japan, the prevalence of the recurrent infection between human and pet animals leads to increasing trends of, and mycobacteriosis of exhibition animals sometimes present a severe problem in a zoo. International standards for the control of infections caused by animals and foods are established by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), which was founded in 1927. Member nations are required to ensure the protection of human and animal life and health on the basis of the international standards. Owing to the standards, animal diseases have been relatively well controlled in Japan. For example, the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle is extremely limited, and the incidence rate of human tuberculosis in imported laboratory monkeys is quite low. At present, there is the political plan that the Tuberculosis Prevention Law will be incorporated into the Infectious Diseases Control Law without consideration of the notification procedures of the infected animals or certification of non-affected animals. Not only veterinarians but also physicians should be aware of this problem.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1977

An emerging zoonosis in Scandinavia -- nephropathia epidemica.

The paper reviews as zoonosis the disease called Nephropathia epidemica in north European countries. The etiology is as yet unsolved but a viral one is highly suspected with small rodents (voles and mice) as the source of infection. Based on the epidemiological peculiarities of the disease, the ecology of the agent and hypothetical ways of transmission of infection from small rodents to man are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human ehrlichiosis, a new zoonosis].

Human Ehrlichiosis is a recently discovered zoonosis. It is an infections disease caused by E. canis and transmitted by Rh. sanguineus. Its diagnosis is difficult since the symptoms are non-specific and could be misleading. The IFA Test is the only method for diagnosis. Treatment with tetracyclines gives good results.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leprosy as a zoonosis: an update.

Naturally-acquired leprosy has been reported in nine-banded armadillos captured in the southern United States, a chimpanzee from Sierra Leone, and in two "sooty" mangabey monkeys from Nigeria. A significant prevalence of leprosy in wild armadillos establishes this animal as a reservoir of M. leprae, and exposure to armadillos has been implicated as a source of leprosy in humans. Current evidence suggests that leprosy is a zoonosis in certain nonhuman primate species. Control and eradication programs for leprosy should take into consideration the possible influence of extra-human sources of M. leprae, especially zoonotic leprosy.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dysgonic Fermenter-type 2: an emerging zoonosis. Report of two cases and review.

We report Dysgonic Fermenter-type 2 septicaemia presenting in two previously healthy individuals, and review 52 cases of infection with Dysgonic Fermenter-type 2 reported in the English language literature. This zoonosis is usually acquired through contact with dogs and cats. Infection often presents with little warning to patient or physician and carries a high mortality. The immunosuppressed patient, those without a spleen, alcoholics and those with chronic disease appear to be most susceptible, although the healthy individual is also prone to infection. The infection is probably underdiagnosed due to difficulties in isolating Dysgonic Fermenter-type 2 by conventional blood culture techniques. Clinical and microbiological awareness is of prime importance in the early diagnosis of this potentially lethal infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Role of S. wien in the epidemic epizootiology of salmonellosis, zoonosis of dramatic distribution.

The appearing of S. wien and its diffusive and pathogenic distribution are reported within the general framework of Salmonelloses and the problems of epidemiological and epizootiological nature that arise this zoonosis. The measures to be adopted are also stressed in view of a more strict control and protection of human and animal health together with environmental hygiene from Salmonella infection and other Enterobacteria which are increasingly met inhuman and animal pathology. In future notes the components of this worldwide problem of hygiene and economy will be examined in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sarcosporidiosis--an overlooked zoonosis. Man as intermediate and final host.

Trichinoscopical investigation in 1971 revealed a prevalence rate of Sarcocystis infection of 2.8 percent in 49,000 sows and boars, and 0.67 percent in 60,000 bacon pigs. The investigation revealed ten percent infected stocks, showing that sarcosporidiosis is ubiquitous. Trichinoscopical examination of 112 specimens of human muscle tissue revealed four cases of sarcocystis infection corresponding to 3.6 percent-i.e., the rate of infection was comparable to that found in sows and boars. Man, when acting in the role of the final host, often exhibits severe symptoms of indigestion. Sarcocystis infection in the intermediate host may cause abortion. Could this happen in human cases as well? The fact that man acts as an intermediate as well as a final host indicates that sarcosporidiosis is a zoonosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Parasitosis and zoonosis in mice and rats caught in and around Beytepe Village (author's transl)].

This helmintho-zoonotic investigation has been made on 106 mice and rats from different species caught in and around of Beytepe Village, these animals are reservoirs for a number of zoonotic parasites and most of these parasites are causative agents of zoonosis in man. The parasites found and their prevalences are; Sphacia obvelata: 42.4%, Sphacia muris: 28.3%, Aspicularis tetraptera: 14.1%, Ascaris lumbricoides (Pseudo.) 2.8%, Gongylonema neoplasticum: 1.8% Trichuris muris: 6.6%, Capillaria gastrica: 2.8%, Taenia pisiformis(lar.) 3.7%, Taenia taeniformis (1.) 3.7%, Hymenolepis nana: 5.6% Hymenolepis diminuta 3.7%.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Dirofilaria immitis: a zoonosis of clinical concern.

Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm, is responsible for an endemic zoonosis in the Southeastern United States. The nematode is capable of infesting the lungs of man, causing pulmonary nodules. The epidemiologic, morphologic, and clinical features of D immitis infestation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A new zoonosis--investigation of Gardnerella vaginalis disease of fox. III. Epidemiological investigation].

By epidemiological investigation to Gardnerella vaginalis disease of fox of civil main farms raising foxes, this disease was showed to be susceptible to silver foxes, arctic foxes, red foxes and color foxes, the disease was mostly transmitted by copulation, infected foxes played the leading role in epidemic of the disease. Investigative results of all farms raising foxes showed infection rate of fox groups was 0.9-21.9%, resulting in abortion rate was 1.5-14.7%, empty rate was 3.2-47.5%. Serious harm was revealed to the disease. By serology and causative agent isolation, we had proved that the disease was able to infect feeder and manager, it belongs to zoonosis. Racoondog. mink and canine infect with the disease besides fox. White mouse, big white rat, gopher, guinea pig and rabbit for laboratory are not infected with the disease.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1977

The occurrence of babesiasis affecting small terrestrial mammals and the importance of this zoonosis in Europe.

A short survey is given of the occurrence of babesiasis affecting small terrestrial mammals in some parts of Europe. Results obtained in studies of 7,038 small terrestrial mammals (42 species) from Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, show the distribution of Babesia microti in these countries. The authors found babesias in the following host species: Neomys anomalus, Clethrionomys glareolus. Microtus arvalis, M. agrestis, Apodemus agratius, A. flavicollis, A. sylvaticus and Mus musculus. The average incidence was very low-0.2% and varied in individual countries from negative to 0.7%. Problems of the natural foci of B. microti in Central Europe and discussed and hitherto recorded cases of Babesia infections in man are summarised. The epidemiological importance of the unspecific mammal hosts of B. microti is emphasised and the necessity of surveillance of this zoonosis in Europe is pointed out.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Hantavirus infection: a "new" exotic zoonosis among us].

Hantavirus disease is a recently recognized zoonosis. The main vectors are infected but healthy wild rodents or laboratory rats. Transmission to man occurs via inhalation of aerosolised excretions. Kidneys or lungs are the target organs during the disease, but a systemic affection with multi-organ involvement is possible, and can be fatal. To date, at least 16 different serotypes of hantavirus have been characterized, 8 of them being of clinical importance. Each serotype has its own rodent vector and its own geographical spread. In Europe, the red bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) is the main rodent vector carrying the Puumala serotype which is the etiologic agent of a viral affection known as nephropathia epidemica (NE). Belgium witnessed in 1993 its most important NE outbreak with more than 60 cases in the southern part of the region between Sambre and Meuse, Chimay being the main focus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemic as zoonosis].

At a secondary school in Budapest, in the first class, 30 students became sick with fever and upper respiratory catarrhal symptoms between September 19 and October 31, 1995. Two children were hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia, in case of the two children treated at the Szent László Hospital, suspect of Mycoplasma infection raised which was also confirmed by cold agglutination test. During the epizootiological examination on the spot they found a terrarium in the classroom where the students raised a Syrian gold hamster family. Mycoplasmas were isolated from the lung samples of the hamsters during the pathological examination which proved to be Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Owing to the close etiologic relationships between epidemiological anamnesis, characteristics of the epidemic, as well as findings of patients and pathological or histological findings in the hamsters together with the results of bacteriological examinations, the epidemic should be considered as a zoonosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Viral zoonosis and human cancer: a perspective.

Zoonotic viruses, which are pathogens naturally transmitted from animals to humans, pose a significant and evolving challenge to public health. Although most known zoonotic viruses do not exhibit the persistence typically necessary for viral oncogenesis, the potential cancer-causing effects of these infections remain unclear. Persistent infection, latency, or abortive replication within susceptible but non-permissive human cells may allow some animal-origin viruses to evade immune clearance, disrupt host cell signaling, and induce genomic instability-key features of cancer development. Evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that certain animal viruses can enter human cells, integrate their genetic material, or express oncogenic proteins, even without completing full replication. These mechanisms resemble those of established human oncoviruses and suggest that, under specific host and environmental conditions, zoonotic viruses could contribute to neoplastic transformation. Given the increasing frequency of human-animal interactions through companionship, agriculture, wildlife trade, and food production, multidisciplinary research combining virology, oncology, and epidemiology is essential. Such efforts should focus on sensitive molecular detection, mechanistic studies, and population-based investigations to better understand the long-term cancer risks associated with zoonotic viral infections and to guide effective prevention strategies.

Cancer↗