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PubMed2025

Myco-Ed: Mycological curriculum for education and discovery.

Fungi are important and hyperdiverse organisms, yet chronically understudied. Most fungal clades have no reference genomes, impeding our understanding of their ecosystem functions and use as solutions in health and biotechnology. Also, opportunities for training in fungal biology and genomics are lacking, creating a bottleneck that hinders the recruitment and cultivation of a talented future mycological workforce. To address these issues, we developed Myco-Ed, an educational program offering training and scientific contributions through genome sequencing and analysis. Myco-Ed empowers students to pursue careers in fungal biology while improving fungal resources. Myco-Ed has been piloted at 12 institutions (15 classrooms) ranging from online e-Campuses to R1 universities, resulting in hundreds of fungal observations and many new high-quality reference genomes.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

Culturally competent occupational therapy in a diversely populated mental health setting.

Cultural sensitivity is a crucial component of health care provision, particularly in psychiatric settings. As society becomes more multicultural, it is essential for occupational therapists to continue to develop cultural competence, which is defined in this paper as an awareness of, sensitivity to, and knowledge of the meaning of culture. At San Francisco General Hospital, an innovative multicultural model consisting of special focus programs is used. The key to the success of such programs is a culturally competent professional staff.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of the 1992 National Resident Matching Program.

After 4 years of declining fill rates through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP), 74 more positions in family practice residencies were filled in 1992 than in 1991, including 24 more filled with US seniors. The March fill rate (67.5%) increased for the first time since 1987, while the July fill rate (90.7%) increased for the first time since 1984. The Mountain and Pacific regions had the highest fill rates (89.1% and 88.5%, respectively) through the NRMP. Community-based, unaffiliated and university-affiliated programs filled 71.0% and 70.3% of positions offered through the NRMP. University-based and community-based, university administered programs filled 63.8% and 61.0% of positions offered through the NRMP. The other commonly defined primary care specialties of internal medicine and pediatrics also filled increased numbers of positions offered through the NRMP. This is the first year since 1984 in which all three primary care specialties matched more positions than in the previous year. The demand for family physicians in the United States is increasing. Evidence presented here suggests that 1992 may mark the beginning of a new trend toward increased interest in careers in family practice.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1992

Pharmaceutical services in U.S. hospitals in 1989.

The results of a spring 1989 national survey of hospital-based pharmacy services are reported. The study group (n = 2112) comprised half of U.S. acute-care general surgical or medical hospitals with 50 or more licensed beds. Pharmacy directors were asked about their hospital's provision of 14 clinical pharmacy services. The survey had a response rate of 56% (1174 usable responses). Provision levels varied significantly with the pharmacy drug delivery system for 14 services, pharmacy director's education for 12 services, hospital teaching affiliation for 12 services, hospital ownership for 9 services, hospital size for 9 services, and geographic region for 5 services. The following percentages of respondents offered specific services: drug-use evaluation, 90%; inservice education, 66%; adverse drug reaction (ADR) management, 46%; drug therapy monitoring, 41%; pharmacokinetic consultations, 40%; parenteral-enteral nutrition team participation, 28%; patient medication counseling, 26%; drug therapy protocol management, 25%; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team participation, 25%; clinical research, 22%; drug information, 16%; participation in medical rounds, 13%; poison information, 9%; and medication histories, 2%. Pharmacist staffing requirements for clinical services usually centralized within the department were highest for drug information and poison information. Within hospitals offering the services, four of nine patient-specific services were potentially available to more than half the patients: ADR management, CPR team participation, drug therapy monitoring, and nutrition team participation. Drug therapy protocol management required the most pharmacist staff time. Only one service, pharmacokinetic consultations, was justified by more than half of the providers of that service. Respondents expected all the services to undergo net growth during 1989-90. The 1989 National Clinical Pharmacy Services Survey showed that provision of clinical pharmacy services varied with the pharmacy drug delivery system, pharmacy director's education, hospital teaching affiliation, hospital ownership, hospital size, and geographic region.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effective utilization and evaluation of indigenous health care workers.

The use of indigenous health care workers (IHCWs), who were key elements in community health care programs in the United States in the 1960s, has gone in and out of fashion in subsequent years. The author and his colleagues recently established a service program at Wayne State University's Institute of Maternal and Child Health that employs IHCWs. Characterizations of IHCWs in previous health care programs were reviewed in the process of developing criteria and guidelines for the recruitment, selection, training, employing, and evaluating these workers in the Institute's program. The unique applicability of indigenousness to the delivery of health care services is addressed in terms of the rationale for the use of IHCWs as well as criteria for their success, benefits and problems encountered in the use of these workers, and deficiencies in evaluations of IHCWs. A model of program evaluation, action research, is proposed that assesses the processes and outcomes of providing health services by indigenous paraprofessionals.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Factors relating to the development of respiratory symptoms in coffee process workers.

After several cases of occupational asthma had been reported in a coffee processing factory in England, 197 coffee workers representing 80% of the production workforce were studied to determine the factors affecting the development of work related respiratory symptoms of wheeze, cough, and dyspnoea. Two computer administered questionnaires concerning the presence of respiratory symptoms and the occurrence of work related respiratory symptoms were used. Workers underwent skin prick testing to green coffee bean extract (GCB) and 11 common inhalant allergen extracts and bronchial provocation testing with methacholine. The presence of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to GCB and castor bean extract (CAB) were determined by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The prevalence of work related respiratory symptoms was 12.7%, bronchial hyperresponsiveness 30%, atopy 54%, positive GCB skin prick test 14.7%, positive GCB RAST 14%, and positive CAB RAST 14.7%. None of the workers was sensitised to fungi present in the factory and the numbers of certain species of fungi, despite being greater than may be found out of doors or in an uncontaminated indoor environment, were fewer than are generally associated with the presence of work related respiratory symptoms among agricultural workers. Storage mites were not isolated. Green coffee bean extract and CAB RAST were significantly correlated using the McNemar test but there was limited allergenic cross reactivity in RAST inhibition studies of the two extracts. The only factors that were significantly and independently associated with work related symptoms were CAB RAST and duration of employment. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was not independently associated with work related respiratory symptoms. The significant independent associations of bronchial hyperresponsiveness included GCB RAST, duration of employment, and resting forced expiratory volume in one second. Exposure to CAB, a highly potent antigen, may be overriding the effects of other factors such a GCB, atopy, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and smoking. This study suggests that CAB contamination remains a potential problem in the coffee processing industry and all efforts to eliminate it from the working environment should continue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

(Re)imagining the Future of Genetic Counseling: A Reflexive Qualitative Analysis of Sociopolitical Power, Cultural Safety, Systemic Racism, and Comparative Practice in the United Kingdom, Aotearoa New Zealand and, Australia.

Genetic counseling is undergoing a rapid transformation as genomic medicine becomes embedded within mainstream healthcare systems. At the same time, the profession is being challenged to respond to systemic racism, colonial legacies, technological change, and evolving expectations regarding equity and justice. Historically, genetic counseling emerged within twentieth-century medical genetics and was influenced by political, social, scientific, and medical forces that included eugenic ideology, values, and practices. The profession has since evolved substantially toward psychosocial, patient-centered, and non-directive models of care. Contemporary debates regarding "newgenics" or "neugenics" further demonstrate how concerns regarding equity, reproductive ethics, disability, and genomic stratification continue to shape genomic healthcare discourse. This qualitative reflexive practice paper explores how systemic racism, colonial legacy, cultural safety and structural power shape genetic counseling practice in the United Kingdom (UK), Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia, and how these forces continue to reshape the profession's future identity. A reflexive, narrative, and comparative qualitative approach was employed, grounded in the authors' lived professional experiences across UK and Australasian contexts and informed by purposively selected policy, professional and scholarly literature relating to cultural safety, dignity, anti-racism, and Human Rights-Based Decision-Making. Through iterative reflexive dialogue, comparative analysis, and thematic synthesis, four interrelated themes were developed examining sociopolitical context, systemic racism, cultural safety and technologization within contemporary genetic counseling practice. Comparative analysis identified substantial differences in how culturally responsive practice is conceptualized and operationalized across settings. In Aotearoa, cultural safety is strongly shaped by Te Tiriti o Waitangi, bicultural accountability, and Māori sovereignty frameworks. In Australia, culturally safer genomic care has increasingly developed through Indigenous-led initiatives and workforce reform, including the Australian Alliance for Indigenous Genomics (ALIGN). In contrast, UK practice remains largely situated within equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) frameworks that may insufficiently address systemic racism and structural power within increasingly diverse populations. Reflexive clinical examples demonstrated how inequities may emerge through undocumented patient values, standardized pathways, assumptions regarding autonomy, and misinterpretation of culturally specific communication styles. Re-imagining the future of genetic counseling requires more than just technological advancement. It requires reflexive engagement with dignity, inequity, and the sociopolitical realities of the populations served. These insights re-imagine a culturally grounded, socially responsive future for genetic counseling in an era shaped by genomic mainstreaming, digital transformation, artificial intelligence and workforce reform and one in which the profession remains ethically anchored, relationally attuned, and committed to justice-oriented practice.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Health and safety implications of European community 1992 (EC92). Management committee. American Industrial Hygiene Association.

Progress toward the implementation of a single, common market in Europe is well underway. European-wide standards and regulations are being formulated to remove the physical, fiscal, and technical barriers to the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people among member states. In 1992, the target year for implementation, members of the European Community are attempting to harmonize their health and safety standards so that each nation is on equal footing. The European Community has given high priority to health and safety to the extent that 1992 has been declared the "year of health and safety in the workforce." The EC-rulemaking bodies have developed requirements for significant hazards, including risk communication and risk assessment. Efforts are underway to develop directives addressing exposure limits, product safety, and environmental protection. The result of this ambitious strategy will present substantial opportunities and challenges for the member countries, American companies with EC-based subsidiaries, and any company that sells products in the European market. The end result could have a much farther reaching effect. To emphasize this, I will quote James Tye, president of the British Safety Council, who said, "The European Community will eventually be 700 to 800 million strong as other nations join it. I have no doubt it will be the dominant market in the world, assuredly as far as the field of health and safety is concerned. I also have no doubt that the standards we will be developing in the European Community will be followed by Japan and the United States.

European Union↗