The social work function in the earlyhelp program for preschool handicapped children.
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Child↗
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Results for “social functioning”
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The social effects of craniofacial deformity and its correction.
A survey of our first 50 patients having craniofacial surgery was done. An attempt was made to determine the impact of facial deformity on social function for both the patient and his family and how function was altered by surgical correction. This was accomplished by a uniform series of questions. All patients were at least one year postoperative. The results emphasize that facial deformity played a dominant role in patients' lives prior to surgery and that surgical intervention led to improved social functioning in a number of areas. Meaningful data was collected on three groups of patients: 11 adults, 18 adolescents, and 17 children. Changes perceived were strikingly different in the three groups. Eight-seven percent of all patients would make the decision to have surgery again, and at least 50 percent had objective evidence of improved function. However, the survey also suggests that the extreme stress produced by the treatment may create family problems for which support is necessary.
Adolescent↗
Day treatment and psychotropic drugs in the aftercare of schizophrenic patients. A Veterans Administration cooperative study.
Schizophrenic patients referred for day treatment at the time of discharge from ten hospitals were randomly assigned to receive day treatment plus drugs or to receive drugs alone. They were tested before assignment and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months on social functioning, symptoms, and attitudes. Community tenure and costs were also measured. The ten day centers were described on process variables every six months for the four years of the study. Some centers were found to be effective in treating chronic schizophrenic patients and others were not. All centers improved the patients' social functioning. Six of the centers were found to significantly delay relapse, reduce sumptoms, and change some attitudes. Costs for patients in these centers were not significantly different from the group receiving only drugs. More professional staff hours, group therapy, and a high patient turnover treatment philosophy were associated with poor-result centers. More occupational therapy and a sustained nonthreatening environment were more characteristic of successful outcome centers.
Adult↗
The St John's randomized trial of the family practice nurse: health outcomes of patients.
From June 1975, to May 1976, in a large family practice in St. John's, Newfoundland, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a family practice nurse. Effectiveness was assessed using standardized health outcome measures of physical, emotional, and social function which could be applied easily and objectively by non-clinicians to the two groups of patients under study: patients receiving conventional care and patients receiving care from the family practice nurse. After establishing the comparability of these two groups of patients at the beginning of the study, these measurements showed similar levels of physical, emotional, and social function in the two groups after 1 year of receiving either family practice nurse or conventional care. These results agree with previous controlled trials of family practice nurses which have indicated that family practice nurses are effective and safe.
Adolescent↗
Prevalence of hyperactivity in elementary school children as a function of social system definers.
This study seeks to reconcile the widely varying estimates of prevalence of hyperactivity in children. Parents, teachers, and physicians were asked to identify hyperactive children in a sample of some 5000 elementary school children. Approximately five percent were considered hyperactive by at least one defining system; only one percent were considered hyperactive by all three definers. Prevalence rates were relatively constant from kindergarten through fifth grade.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
Alcohol consumption and cognitive functioning in social drinkers.
Performance by social drinkers on tests of abstracting and adaptive abilities was negatively associated with the amount of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion. The pattern was strongest in heavy drinkers but was also evident in light and moderate drinkers.
Adult↗
[EDP in the dental practice. Technical-functional and social psychological aspects in counterbalance].
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Computers↗
[Functions of social activities in the health organization of public services and welfare].
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Public Health Administration↗
[Postoperative respiratory functions and social rehabilitation of patients with lung neoplasms].
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Adult↗
Gender differences in the clinical expression of schizophrenia.
Gender differences have been reported for a variety of clinical measures in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical characterization may be helpful in identifying symptom clusters which can then be linked to underlying brain function. In this study 74 men and 33 women meeting DSM-IIIR criteria for schizophrenia were studied off medication and rated on measures of symptom type and severity, as well as premorbid and current function. Men were more severely impaired in ratings of negative symptoms, while positive symptoms were not significantly different. There were also differences in premorbid and current functioning, with women manifesting better social functioning than men.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Determinants of placement outcome in the Foster Community Project.
The Foster Community Project was established to reintegrate chronic psychiatric patients into the community through the combined efforts of the hospital staff, the patients and the citizens of two rural Missouri towns. Data collected over a seven year period was analyzed in order to determine which factors were associated with successful community adjustment following long term hospitalization. Results indicated that length of premorbid functioning, sex, and level of social functioning differentiated successful from unsuccessful participants. Additionally, Foster Community patients were older and had generally been hospitalized longer than patients who did not complete the program. Implications for future research and rehabilitation plans are given.
Adult↗
Nutrition related resource use in urban areas.
Current social organization of cities is unable to respond to increases in the population fast enough to ensure adequate physical and social functioning of all inhabitants. New social structures in the organization of cities is changing the situation of disadvantaged and malnourished people by changing their access to resources. Resources include a number of non-economic ones that can contribute to improve health and nutritional status. The use of these resources depends on individual choices by people. The nature of basic needs predisposes these choices to include ones that are economically irrational and an inefficient use of resources from economic standpoints. The combination of restricted access to resources and inherent inefficiencies in their use determine the health and nutritional situation of people. Indicators of change in the number of choices and the elasticities of benefits associated with them would recognise both the non-competitive and the market aspects of the new urban social organization. Indicators of the number and type of choices available to people, associated with the nutritional and health benefits derived from those choices may be tools for use in urban planning to support new initiatives for groups in fast growing areas where malnutrition is prevalent.
Asia, Southeastern↗
[Measuring quality of life].
The four broad domains of quality of life are the physical status and functional abilities, the psychological status and well-being, the social interactions and the economic status and factors. Health profiles attempt to measure all important aspects of Quality of Life (QOL). They offer a number of advantages and they also have some limitations. A number of QOL indexes have been recently developed to measure emotional and social functions, well-being as well as overall health status. Some scales used to evaluate QOL are function-specific as social interactions scales or daily living scales; others are disease-specific. For the severely mentally ill patients the most comprehensive and psychometrically best characterized scales have been recently reviewed. The Lehman's Structured Quality of Life interview for example based on comprehensive quality of life models, includes both subjective and objective QOL indicators and should be extensively used in french clinical studies.
Humans↗
Does Timing Matter? Age of First Mobile Phone Acquisition and Psychological Outcomes in Middle and Late Adolescence.
The age at which adolescents acquire their first smartphone has decreased markedly in recent years; however, evidence on its long-term effects on psychosocial adjustment remains limited. This study investigated whether age at first mobile phone acquisition is associated with psychosocial functioning in middle and late adolescence, including social integration and competence, emotion regulation difficulties, disordered eating behaviors and problematic social media use (PSMU). The sample comprised 1179 adolescents aged 15-17 years (53.8% female). Linear regression and generalized additive mixed models were used to examine both linear and nonlinear associations, adjusting for age, gender and school clustering. Earlier smartphone acquisition was linearly but weakly associated with greater emotion regulation difficulties, disordered eating and PSMU, even after adjustment for covariates. In contrast, associations with social integration and competence were nonlinear: acquiring a first smartphone between ages 6 and 10 or after age 13 was associated with lower social integration in adolescence, whereas acquisition between ages 11 and 13 was linked to higher social functioning. These findings suggest that the developmental timing of first smartphone access shows a modest association with subsequent psychosocial functioning during middle and late adolescence. Focusing on the timing of access, alongside other demographic and contextual factors, may contribute to a better understanding of digital influences on adolescent well-being.
Humans↗
Social adjustment by self-report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients.
Data are presented on social functioning derived from a self-report social adjustment scale (SAS-SR) administered to 774 subjects including a community sample and three psychiatric outpatient populations: acute depressives, alcoholics, and schizophrenics. This self-report scale derives from an interview form and was developed and tested on depressed outpatients. Since its publication, it has been used in populations other than depressives including other psychiatric patients, nonpsychiatric patients, and nonpatients. The purpose of this paper is to make data available to other investigators on results of this self-report social adjustment scale in a broad range of subjects and to describe further the psychometric properties, limitations, and utility of the scale. Findings show that the scale has wide applicability in a range of subjects but that certain cautions should be followed in using it with chronically impaired psychiatric populations who may not be involved in the major roles assessed by the scale.
Acute Disease↗
Social performance and readmission in acute and chronic schizophrenics: comparison of two approaches.
Schizophrenics classified into acute, chronic, and high-low social competence groups were compared in terms of comprehensive social functioning and life stress. Results obtained with 624 patients showed overlap between the two classifications in functioning in eight areas of psychosocial activity. Interpersonal relationships differentiated acutes-chronics while antisocial behavior separated high from low social competence subjects. For stress three areas were common to both classifications. The acutes-chronics differed on work and interpersonal stress while leisure time stress differentiated competence groups. Predictability by comprehensive functioning measure identified readmission variables for acutes while social competence did not. For chronics, comprehensive functioning identified isolated psycosocial factors as predictors.
Acute Disease↗
Exploring cross-category relationships between symptoms in people with hypermobile EDS (hEDS) to identify disability patterns.
BACKGROUND: Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is a connective tissue disorder with variable symptom presentation across multiple organ systems and significant morbidity. Little is known about hEDS etiology and identifying patterns of symptom co-occurrence can reveal previously unidentified relationships between phenotypes and inform studies of underlying disease pathophysiology for symptoms that may share functional biological pathways. In this exploratory analysis, we specifically assessed the distribution of symptoms in case and controls to identify clusters of co-occurring symptoms. METHODS: We have interrogated clinically relevant symptom areas in 47 females with hEDS, 36 age-matched female controls and 8 hypermobile patients without chronic pain. Studied symptoms include general health, mental health, body pain, vitality and energy, autonomic symptoms, bleeding, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We conducted hierarchal clustering on principle components (HCPC) to identify groups and compared the groups for the previously described symptoms. Radial plots were used to identify relationships between severe symptom categories. RESULTS: Our analysis reveals statistically significantly more severe symptoms in all categories in people with hEDS compared with age- and sex-matched controls and asymptomatic hypermobile patients. HCPC identified clearly separated Low, Moderate, and High symptom groups within participants. The Low dysfunction groups include nearly all controls and hypermobile patients without chronic pain. The High dysfunction group includes ~60% of people with hEDS, while around 40% are in the Moderate dysfunction cluster. Cluster solutions for all participants were stable with moderate fit (silhouette 0.64; Jaccard boot mean 0.91). Group level radial plots showed high bleeding severity across all symptom clusters, while disproportional severity of general health, physical function, limitation of role due to physical symptoms, pain, and social functioning deficits differentiates the High from Moderate and Low Dysfunction clusters. CONCLUSION: Using this analysis at the group level has revealed patterns suggesting a progression of disease symptoms. People with hypermobility do not uniformly have severe symptoms but instead have some symptoms that differentiate from non-hypermobile individuals. While exploratory, using a radar multi-symptom analysis may be used to evaluate disproportionately severe symptoms contributing to the patterns of global symptom severity. These include pain but also ability to perform roles, suggesting strong utility of physical and occupational therapies to emphasize coping. This may also allow better targeting of etiological studies and may have additional utility at an individual level to develop symptom management strategies.
Humans↗
Quality of life during chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. II. A longitudinal study of the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire and comparison with the Sickness Impact Profile.
Sixty-two patients with small cell lung cancer, 36-80 years of age, who were receiving chemotherapy during a maximum of one year, were consecutively included in a study of quality of life during treatment. An interim version (C-36) of the EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) was applied for quality of life assessment prior to treatment and every third month during the treatment period. The assessments were related to clinical variables (performance status and tumour response), and compared with results from assessment with the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). The QLQ was sensitive to differences in clinical status and responded to clinical change over time. In general, the pattern of correlations with SIP lends support to the construct validity of the QLQ. However, some questions arose from the comparison with SIP: QLQ emotional functioning did not change in concordance with SIP, and assessment of social functioning was not optimal prior to treatment. The questionnaire was well accepted by the patients. The EORTC QLQ C-36 constitutes a promising step in the development of a feasible standard instrument for quality of life assessment in cancer clinical trials.
Aged↗