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[Virulent properties of Leishmania tropica major strains isolated from sandflies in the subzone of the northern deserts].

On the territory of the Karakalpak ASSR the infection of sand flies Ph. papatasi, Ph. caucasicus, Ph. andrejevi and Ph. monogolensis with the agent L. tropica major ammounts, on the average, to 39.3%. The virulence of 88 investigated strains of Leishmania for white mice estimated by their infection and the duration of incubation was found to be different; one half of the strains had high, one third--average, and the other strains--low virulence.

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[Phenology of sandflies of the subspecies Paraphlebotomus inhabiting the burrow of the great gerbil in the Karshi Steppe].

Oberservations were conducted (1960 to 1973) on the sand flies of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus inhabiting the burrows of Rhombomys opimus in the Karshinskaya steppe (Uzbekistan). Ph. mongolensis is most abundant in oasis, Ph. caucasicus--in loess low-mountain areas. Throughout the territory investigated Ph. mongolensis has two generations per season. The emergence of imago of this species in oasis begins early in May with the first peak of abundance at the end of May--beginning of June and with the second peak in the first decade of August. The flight of Ph. mongolensis ceases in general to the middle of September. In the northern part of the territory investigated Ph. caucasicus has two mass generations with peaks in the second decade of June--first-second decade of August. In the southern part of the territory three peaks of abundance of ph. caucasicus were noted: in the middle of May, end of June--beginning of July and the end of August--beginning of September. Therefore, the presence of three generations per season can be suggested here.

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[Phenology of sandflies of the genus Sergentomyia in the Karshi Steppe (Phlebotominae)].

Phenological observations on sand flies of the genus Sergentomyia inhabiting the burrows of Rhombomys opimus from the Karshinskaya steppe were carried out for many years. The emergence of two mass generations of S. arpaklensis and S. grekovi was noted for the spring-summer period. In S. arpaklensis from oasis the appearance of the first individuals was noted mostly often in the II--III decade of May, the first peak of abundance--in the II--III decade of June and the second peak of abundance--early in August. In S. grekovi the appearance of the first individuals was observed at the end of April--the very beginning of May, the first peak of abundance--in the second half of May and the second peak--in the first half of September. During July--August the abundance of S. grekovi is rather low. Throughout the desert areas southward from oasis all phenological phenomena take place in both species ten days earlier than in oasis. S. arpaklensis is characterised by its very high abundance in oasis and in foothill loes plain, sharp fluctuations in the abundance both in seasons and years and by the prevalence of females over males during the active flight.

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[Flagellata isolated from sandflies in various zones of Turkmenia and their related cultures of the causative agents of leishmaniasis and the Leishmania of reptiles].

188 strains of Flagella from 6 species of sand flies and 42 strains from reptiles were isolated in various landscape-geographic zones of Turkmenia. 70 and 35 strains of Flagellata isolate from sand flies were studied by means of bio-assay on white mice and by the Adler's serological method (modification of Safjanova), respectively. 64 strains of Flagellata of different origin were studied by means of "temperature" method. It has been established that the transmission of the agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis takes place nearly throughout the whole territory of Turkmenia. To identify an unknown strain of Leishmania by means of the Adler's method an antiserum for any studied "standard" strain of different species of Leishmania is enough to be used.

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