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C. parvum clinical protocols: prototypes and summary results in U. S. trials with Wellcome Coparvax.

Clinical investigations utilizing Wellcome C. parvum in cancer therapy number more than one hundred in multiple institutions. Multiple diseases in various stages are being attacked by multi-modality therapy, making the role of immunotherapy very difficult to assess. Fundamental laboratory observations have suggested ways of weaving non-specific with specific immunotherapy, and these with chemotherapy and radiation to yield maximum therapeutic benefit. Current protocols include examples of the critical interactions as well as instructive information on dosing, timing and adjunctive symptomatic therapies. Several protocols will be reviewed, especially where promising clinical results are expected. Important differences between systemic and regional administration are observed.

Clinical Trials as Topic

Influence of varied stimuli on development of motor patterns in the premature infant.

The premature infant is at risk for both mortality and morbidity. His writhing contributes to weight loss, and his extrauterine environment does not contain the multi-modality patterned afferent stimuli that impinge upon the developing brain in utero. Sound is the most effective modality to achieve concurrent decrement in motility along with enhancement of cortical activity. It was anticipated that subjects exposed to 5 minutes of patterned sound 6 times a day would, by 36 weeks gestation, evidence: (a) less gross motor activity, (b) the normal predominance of upper over lower limb activity, and (c) beginning laterality. The sample consisted of 80 males and 73 females whose gestational age at birth was 26--33 weeks. By random assignment 52 subjects were exposed to the routine ambient noise of the isolette and nursery, 50 to a tape recording of their mother's voice, and 51 to an orchestral arrangement of Brahm's Lullaby. Limb activity was measured just prior to discharge by accelerometers worn unilaterally for a 24-hour period on the ankle and wrist prior to transfer to the alternate side for an additional 24 hours. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated among the limb patterns of the 3 groups. Large intragroup variation in gross activity precluded demonstration of between-group differences. The majority of subjects evidenced predominance of upper limb activity and laterality.

Acoustic Stimulation

The place of surgery in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

If the role of surgery has receded somewhat in other areas of gynaecological cancer, the reverse would seem to be true in ovarian cancer. The problem of the scope for increased surgical procedures outside the general run of gynaecological operations is high-lighted by the difficulty in achieving accurate preoperative diagnosis. Carcinoma of the ovary may well be found unexpectedly by the relatively inexperienced surgeon operating for a tumour presumed to be a fibroid uterus. Improvement in the survival of patients treated for cancer is only rarely the result of a single therapeutic advance. Generally it is achieved by the meticulous and individual application of multi-modal therapy. In this context careful and occasionally bold surgery remains a key treatment in the management of ovarian cancer.

Castration