Further studies on the isolation of the thermolabile growth inhibitor from the faba bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor).
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Animals↗
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Studies on favism. I. Isolation of an active principle from faba beans (Vicia faba).
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Favism↗
Development of a 10K breeder-friendly SNP chip for faba bean.
INTRODUCTION: Faba bean breeding and genomics have seen steady progress in recent years, supported by genome sequences and high-density genotyping platforms. These tools have been valuable for trait mapping, diversity assessment, and genomic research, but they have limited routine use in breeding programs due to their relatively high cost. Recent progress in establishing an optimized, cost-efficient genotyping-by-sequencing protocol tailored to the large and complex faba bean genome has created the foundation for a more accessible genotyping solution. METHODS: Using this approach, we explored the genetic diversity of faba bean germplasm from various panels, providing a comprehensive representation of the crop's genetic landscape. From this dataset, we identified and selected a high-quality set of informative SNP markers that are evenly distributed across the genome. Building on these resources, we designed a breeder-friendly 10K SNP chip. RESULTS: The 10K SNP chip delivers high accuracy, broad genomic coverage, and affordability. The chip was validated across diverse germplasm panels, demonstrating strong clustering performance, high reproducibility, and applicability to breeding-relevant germplasm. DISCUSSION: This platform offers a cost-effective alternative to higher-density arrays, enabling its integration into genomic selection, marker-assisted breeding, and diversity monitoring, ultimately supporting accelerated genetic gain and the delivery of improved varieties to farmers.
SNP chip↗
Effect of selected Egyptian cooking methods on faba bean nutritive value and dietary protein utilization 2: ability of faba bean products to support hemoglobin response in rats.
To evaluate the dietary protein utilization and iron deficiency anemia as affected by the faba bean nutrient intake, a bioassay with rats was carried out with different experimental diets containing four faba bean products (stewed beans 'Medammis', deep fried dough 'Falafel', boiled germinated beans 'Nabet Soup' and poured paste 'Bissara') widely consumed in the Middle East. Amino acid composition of all faba bean products was determined and compared to raw beans. Severe heat-processing markedly decreased some essential amino acids, especially phenylalanine, cystine, methionine and tryptophan. Protein scores were 24.6, 19.5, 29.2, 28.2 and 35.6 for raw faba beans, 'Medammis', 'Falafel', 'Nabet Soup' and 'Bissara', respectively. 'Bissara' possessed the highest nutritional value, since it had the lowest GDR value [Grams consumed of product to cover the daily requirements for adult man in protein (63 g) and in energy (2900 kcal)] for the limiting amino acids (L A A). As indicated by P S/150 values [Satisfaction of the daily requirements of the adult man when 150 g (one can content) are consumed of product] for L A A, i.e. methionine+cystine (lowest P S/150 value), the above-mentioned faba bean products cover about 53, 77, 77 and 97% of the daily requirements of adult man in L A A, respectively. Fecal nitrogen excretion increased and true nitrogen digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of 'Medammis' in the diet. 'Nabet Soup' exhibited the highest true nitrogen digestibility. In contrast, the biological value of nitrogen was apparently unaffected. Highest blood hemoglobin level was found in rats fed diets containing 'Bissara', 'Falafel' and 'Nabet Soup', whereas the addition of 'Medammis' in the diet induced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in blood hemoglobin level of fed rats.
Amino Acids↗
Effect of reconstitution and Na2Co3 on tannin content and in vitro protein digestibility of faba bean cultivars.
Two faba bean cultivars (317/99/81 and Giza/402) obtained from Shambat Research Station in Northern Sudan, were used for this study. Investigation showed that the tannin contents of untreated seeds were 0.077% and 0.067% for cultivars 317/99/81 and Giza/402. In vitro protein digestibility values were 80.68% and 81.48% for the two cultivars, respectively. The extractable tannin content of the faba bean cultivars was markedly reduced by imbibing water or Na2CO3 solution into whole seeds and incubating them at 30 degrees C for 1, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours, or at 100 degrees C for 5, 10 or 20 minutes. The extent of reduction depended on time, temperature, and Na2CO3 concentration; the percent tannin extracted and percent in vitro protein digestibility increased with time or Na2CO3 concentration, while application of high temperature reduced the time.
Carbonates↗
Chemical modification of proteins. Part 9: Nutritive evaluation of succinylated faba bean proteins (Vicia faba L.).
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Amino Acids↗
Treatments for reducing total vicine in Egyptian faba bean (Giza 2 variety).
The response of faba bean 'Vicia faba' (Giza 2 variety) towards soaking conditions differed greatly since the absorbed quantities of water (either by the whole or the decorticated forms) are a function of their chemical constituents. On the other hand, 28.45% of the total vicine (vicine & convicine) present in the whole faba bean samples was extracted after soaking for 72 h at room temperature. Subsequently, other soaking mediums, i.e., 0.5% sodium carbonate and/or 1% acetic acid were used in an attempt to increase the level of vicine elimination. Percentage removal of total vicine in whole faba bean was higher in the acidic (61.31%) than the alkaline (38.40%) medium under the conditions tested, i.e., at room temperature for 72 hours. The rates of vicine + convicine elimination in decorticated faba bean for the acidic acid and alkaline soaking media were 78.46 and 79.13%, respectively. The solubility ratio of total vicine relative to soaking solutions (H2O:Na2CO3:Acetic acid) was 1:1.35:2.16 in the whole broad bean and 1:2.41:2.39 in the decorticated samples. The residual amounts of total vicine (78.33% and 77.27%) present after stewing under normal and under pressure cooking conditions could be expected to be decreased to 30.33% for the former and 29.92% for the later after 72 h of soaking. Regression analysis was used to estimate the theoretical zero point of vicine elimination from faba bean through soaking in 1% acetic acid.
Cooking↗
[Root growth characteristics of soybean and Faba bean at their seedling stage].
Soybean and faba bean are the two main legumes widely intercropped with cereals (e. g., wheat or maize) in western China, but have significantly different performance in intercropping system. Compared to soybean, faba bean has a stronger competitive ability. Considering that underground interspecific interaction makes a significant contribution to the advantage of intercropping system, a pot experiment was conducted to compare the differences in root growth and morphological parameters between soybean and faba bean at their seedling stage. A PVC tube, with 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm in depth, was filled with quartz and used to grow the crops. Root systems were scanned by a scanner, and analyzed by WinRHIZO on days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after seedling emergence. The results indicated that on the 42nd day after seedling emergence, the root surface area of faba bean was 2.61 times larger than that of soybean. Soybean roots distributed in the whole layer of quartz on the 14th day, but most faba bean roots only distributed in its top layer. Soybean roots were thinner, and most of them were 0.25 approximately 1.0 mm in diameter, while faba bean roots were thicker, and their diameter was mostly between 0.5 approximately 1.5 mm. All of these facts resulted in a higher absorption capacity and nutrient use efficiency of faba bean, which could be one of the reasons that faba bean had a stronger competitive capacity than soybean.
Plant Roots↗
Effects of negative pions and neutrons on the growth of Vicia faba bean roots.
Vicia faba bean roots have been irratiated with neutrons of various energies and with negative pi-mesons, and the effect on the ten-day growth of the roots has been determened. The neutron irratiations were made in beams of 400 and 600 MeV maximum energy, as well as with neutrons from a plutonium-beryllium source (mean energy 4.4 MeV) and from a 14 MeV neutron generator. The bean roots have also been irradiated at various points along the depth-dose curve of negative pi-mesons, including the gegion where the pions annihilate on coming to rest. The results show a maximum relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 3.7 for 50% reduction in ten days growth for stopped negative pions and values up to 3.3 for high-energy neutrons, compared to 5.5 for 14 MeV neutrons. The biological effectiveness of high-energy neutrons and stopped pions shows a more pronounced dependence on dose than does the effect with lower-energy neutrons.
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
Mitochondrial modifications associated with the cytoplasmic male sterility in faba beans.
Isolated mitochondria of faba beans carrying two different determinisms of the cytoplasmic male sterility (cytoplasms 447 and 350) have been compared to fertile lines. 1. In addition to the major mitochondrial DNA, five small DNA species (in the range of 1000-2000 base pairs) were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the four cytoplasms. An additional small DNA species was found specifically in the cytoplasm 350. After endonuclease restriction of the mitochondrial DNA, the patterns obtained for both male-sterile cytoplasms were identical to each other but distinct by two to four fragments from the patterns obtained for male-fertile cytoplasms. 2. [35S]Methionine labeling in situ of the mitochondrial protein synthesis revealed an additional polypeptide (Mr = 25000) detected only in the two male-sterile cytoplasms. 3. The male-sterile cytoplasm 350 showed a decrease of the respiratory state 3 of oxygen uptake during oxidation of NADH or malate + pyruvate. This decrease is thought to reflect a smaller capacity of the respiratory chain. These specific mitochondrial modifications support the hypothesis of a mitochondrial localization of the cytoplasmic male sterility determinant in faba beans.
Cell Nucleus↗
Effect of soaking, germination, autoclaving and cooking on chemical and biological value of guar compared with faba bean.
Raw, soaked, germinated, autoclaved and cooked both of guar and faba bean were chemically and biologically evaluated. Crude protein, crude fiber and ash contents of guar and faba bean decreased as a result of all treatments with the exception of protein content in both germinated guar and faba bean. A slight decrease in lipid content was noticed during germination, while there were no changes in lipids after soaking, autoclaving and cooking. Protein content of guar was higher than of faba bean, and showed higher values for all amino acids than faba bean protein except for lysine and tryptophan. Germination caused a slight increase in total essential amino acids, while soaking caused a slight decrease in both of guar and faba bean. There was a slight decrease in the mineral contents by the heat processes with the exception of Mg and Mn for guar and Na, Mn for faba bean due to the cooking process. Germinated guar and faba bean showed noticeable decrease in Na, K, Cu, Mn and Mg and a slight increase in Fe and Zn than the raw materials. Germination was more effective in reducing phytic acid than heat treatment, and therefore it improves the nutritional quality of both guar and faba bean. Protein efficiency ratio (PER), true digestibility (DT) and biological value (BV) were estimated in all treatments under study using rat bioassay procedures. Data revealed pronounced improvements of the nutritive value as a result of all processes under study especially germination being the most effective.
Amino Acids↗
The nutritive value of faba beans and low glucosinolate rapeseed meal for swine.
Faba beans may be effectively used as a partial replacement for other protein supplements in swine diets. Breeding swine appear to be particularly sensitive to the level of faba beans in their diets. The lack of response to autoclaving faba beans suggests that the trypsin inhibitor level and condensed tannin content of faba beans do not significantly influence the performance of growing-finishing swine. Supplementation of diets containing faba beans with lysine and/or methionine has not improved pig performance. The scientific selection and commercial production of low glucosinolate varieties of rape constitutes a major advance for swine nutrition. All swine experiments that have compared low glucosinolate rapessed meal with regular rapeseed meal have demonstrated the superiority of the low glucosinolate material as a protein source. Substantially larger proportions of the low glucosinolate material may be fed to all classes of swine without any significant depression in performance.
Amino Acids↗
Evolution of soluble carbohydrates during the development of pea, faba bean and lupin seeds.
Seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Ergo), faba bean (Vicia faba ssp. minor Harz., cv. Tibo) and yellow pea lupin (Lupinus luteus L. cv. Juno) were sampled at different days after flowering (DAF) and their content of soluble carbohydrates was determined. Analysis of samples showed that myo-inositol, fructose, glucose, galactose and sucrose were found in high abundance early in development and their content decreased gradually during maturation. alpha-Galactosides, which includes the content of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose, started to appear later in seed development, at 37 DAF in peas, 40 DAF in faba beans and 45 DAF in lupins. Their accumulation increased considerably during seed growth, and the maximum content was obtained in mature seeds; 3.8% in peas, 4.5% in faba beans and 10.4% in lupins. Results obtained for these sugars during seed development were fitted to modelling curves in order to predict sugar content at different development stages.
Carbohydrates↗
Action of some micronutrients on the infestation and yield components of faba bean by the aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae, Homoptera) and the leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Agromyzidae, Diptera).
Field experiments were carried out in the two growing seasons of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 on faba bean (Vicia faba) plants in the Experimental Farm of Agriculture Research Station at Nubaria region, Alexandria, which is considered as a newly reclaimed calcareous soil. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of spraying faba bean plants with certain micronutrients, i.e. Iron, Manganese and Zinc either in single double or triple combinations on the infestation by the aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Aphididae, Homoptera) and the leaf miner, Liriomyza trfolü (Burgess) (Agromyzidae, Diptera). The infestation by these insects was assessed using the parameters of Infestation grades as well as the injury indices. Faba bean plants cv. Giza Blanca were sprayed twice (45 and 66 days) after planting with the above-mentioned micronutrients. However, results of this investigation showed, with no doubt, that Mn, Zn and Fe individually or in double or triple combinations have increased to varied extents the infestation rates (%) of faba bean plants compared to the untreated ones. Such varied increases were mainly due to the metabolic roles of the used foliar sprays and their interactions, which indirectly affect the physio-biological actions of plants that may render them suitable for either A. craccivora or L. trifoii reproduction. This phenomenon might be also due to the different environmental factors. In both seasons, the relationship between nutrients applications and pests Infestation followed the same trend of increase in the percentages of infested plants. This assures and confirms the constant metabolic roles of such micronutrients. The biological seed weight (ton/fed.) was positively affected by the application of the used micronutrients. It is worth mentioning that the maximum response was observed in case of the triple treatment followed by the double and single treatments in a descending order. Application of the investigated micronutrients alone or in mixtures resulted in significant increases in yield and its components. Such increases were due to the fact that ions of Zn, Fe and Mn are cofactors of several enzymes, but rarely if ever with a high degree of specificity.
Animals↗
[Content of micro- and macro-elements, lead and cadmium in albumins and globulins of fresh and stored, dried seeds of the Faba bean].
The content of micro/macroelements, lead and cadmium in Faba bean proteins from the seeds after their harvest and from the seeds stored (2 months, 6-8 degrees C) and dried (6h at 35 degrees C up to 15-15% moisture) was determined. Proteins were extracted with water (pH 8.0). Globulins were precipitated from water protein extract at pH 4.2. The microelements (Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn) content in albumins and globulins from the seeds after their harvest and from stored and dried seeds were as follows: 37.4 and 27.1; 46.7 and 35.8; 15.4 and 18.9; 179.2 and 229.7 micrograms/g (albumins) and 24.9 and 31.9; 20.0 and 28.1; 92.1 and 205.4; 68.7 and 102.9 micrograms/g (globulins). These findings indicate that Faba bean albumins and globulins form the labile and neutral nucleo-glycoprotein complexes with Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn. The process of storage and drying caused the migration of the micro and macroelements between albumins and globulins. Generally, one may say that Faba bean albumins and globulins are the source of the biologically active micro- and macroelements.
Albumins↗
[Regulation of fertilizer application on yield and root growth of spring wheat-faba bean intercropping system].
The effects of N and P fertilizer application on the multiple population yield and root growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)--spring faba bean(Vicia sativa)intercropping system were studied by two field experiments with 0, 150 and 225 kgN.hm-2, three pot and pool experiments with 2 N applications (0, 100 mg N.kg-1 soil) and 3 P applications (0, 100 and 200 mg P.kg-1 soil). The results showed that this intercropping system had a significant advantage of yield and beneficial effects. Compared to Po supply, P fertilization increased the seed yield by 48.39% for intercropped spring wheat and 16.69% for intercropped faba bean in field experiment. Furthermore, the total seed yield of both crops was increased by 20.07% to 43.14% in pool culture, and the grain yield of intercropped faba bean was increased by 58.46% to 78.78%. In the intercropping system, the growth peak of root density of both crops was appeared alternately, the peak of wheat root growth being earlier than that of faba bean. The maximum root weight of intercropped wheat was in its early heading periods, whereas that of faba bean appeared at its maturity periods, which reduced the competition for water and nutrients between the crops, and resulted in yield increase. The weight, length and surface area of wheat roots in P supply were increased by 54.33%, 48.88% and 47.00%, and in N supply, they were increased by 15.25%, 11.61% and 11.46%, respectively. About 57.61% of wheat root weight and 69.20% of faba bean root weight were distributed at 0-30 cm soil depths in the treatments of receiving P fertilizer at various rates, which indicated that P supply increased root weight and length of both crops in the intercropping system.
Crops, Agricultural↗
The utilization of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and faba bean globulins by rats is poorer than of soybean globulins or lactalbumin but the nutritional value of lupin seed meal is lower only than that of lactalbumin.
The effects of dietary sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius, Unicrop) seed meal or its insoluble fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides + lignin) on performance, digestibility and nitrogen utilization in growing rats were studied in four experiments. Globulin proteins isolated from lupin, faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor) or soybean (Glycine max) were also incorporated into purified diets as replacements for lactalbumin (control) and the nutritional effects were evaluated. Isocaloric, legume-based diets supplemented with amino acids were used. Final weight gain, gain:feed ratios, nitrogen retention and net protein utilization of the animals fed whole lupin meal-based diets for 10 d were inferior to those of controls. In contrast, adding lupin insoluble fiber to a control diet produced no adverse effects. Ileal starch and apparent nitrogen digestibilities, and fecal digestibility of starch in lupin-fed rats were higher than those of controls, but fecal true nitrogen digestibility was lower. Replacement of lactalbumin with globulin proteins from lupin or faba bean depressed food intake and protein utilization, but only performance was affected by consumption of soybean globulins. Rats consuming lupin or faba bean globulins excreted significantly more nitrogen, particularly as urea through the urine. This did not occur in rats fed soybean globulins. Urea concentration in plasma was higher in rats fed diets containing lupin meal or legume globulins. The concentrations of urea, arginine and ornithine in plasma increased significantly compared with control values after 3 to 9 h of a lupin diet. After 9 h, plasma lysine was also decreased. We concluded that the main reasons for the low nutritional value of sweet lupin seed meal are likely to be related to the chemical structure of the globulin proteins and their adverse effects on growth and nitrogen metabolism, and not to any known antinutritional factor or poor digestibility.
Amino Acids↗
Optimum inclusion of field peas, faba beans, chick peas and sweet lupins in poultry diets. II. Broiler experiments.
1. Three experiments were undertaken to determine the optimum inclusion rates of field peas, faba beans, chick peas and sweet lupins in broiler starter and finisher diets in amounts up to 360 g/kg. 2. In experiment A chickens in cages grown to 21 d on diets with field peas and faba beans gave better growth rate and feed efficiency than those with sweet lupins and chick peas. Growth rate and Food conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing amounts of faba beans in the diet while for chick peas growth rate and FCR declined. Digesta viscosity and excreta stickiness scores were much higher on diets with sweet lupins. Steam pelleting improved growth rate and FCR on all diets. 3. In experiment B birds were in cages and grown from 21 to 42 d. There were no differences between grain legumes (when combined for all inclusions) for growth rate, food intake or FCR. Viscosity was again much higher on the sweet lupin-based diets while the pancreas was significantly enlarged on the diets with chick peas, as observed previously in chickens grown to 21 d. Steam pelleting of diets gave a consistent and positive response for weight gain and FCR. 4. Experiment C was carried out in pens each holding 60 birds under semi-commercial conditions and grown to 42 d on starter and finisher diets with the same grain legumes as used previously but each at 2 rates of inclusion similar to those in commercial practice. Field peas at 200 to 300 g/kg and chick peas at 150 to 220 g/kg gave inferior growth to faba beans (150 to 180 g/kg) and sweet lupins (120 g/kg). 5. The results of these experiments allowed tentative recommendations to be made to industry for inclusion rates of these cultivars of the 4 grain legumes. These were: field peas 300 g/kg; faba beans 200 g/kg, chick peas 100 g/kg and sweet lupins <100 g/kg. Wet droppings and high gut viscosity were serious problems with sweet lupins although these were not so obvious in experiment C.
Animal Feed↗