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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Morphologic, immunologic, enzymehistochemical and chromosomal analysis of a cell line derived from Hodgkin's disease. Evidence for a B-cell origin of Sternberg-Reed cells.

Cell lines derived from Hodgkin's disease may provide a clue to the nature of Sternberg-Reed cells. In the current study, the establishment of an Epstein-Barr-virus-negative lymphoblastoid cell line, derived from the pleural fluid of a patient with the nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin's disease, is described. The morphologic and immunologic cell marker findings indicate that this cell line is derived from Sternberg-Reed cells. The immunologic findings and a chromosomal analysis are in agreement with a B-lymphocyte origin of these cultured cells. Extrapolation of the results to Hodgkin's disease in vivo would indicate that Hodgkin's disease, like most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, is the result of B-cell proliferation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1998

A particular characteristic of IgH complementarity-determining region 3 suggests autoreactive B-cell origin of primary gastric B-cell lymphomas.

To clarify the origin of tumor cells and the possible role of antigen in the pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, we analyzed the third complementarity determining region of IgH gene in nine primary gastric B-cell lymphomas by PCR. The presence of vacA gene of Helicobacter pylori was also determined. These cases were diagnosed histopathologically as three low (extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma)- and three high-grade MALT lymphomas and three diffuse large-cell lymphomas without evidence of MALT lymphoma. All cases showed a monoclonally rearranged JH band. A single dominant clone was detected by sequencing the IgH CDR3 regions in eight cases. In the remaining cases. In the remaining case, two major sequences were identified. Complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences in lymphoma cell clones of seven cases showed 61% to 81% homology with autoantibody-associated lymphocyte clones including rheumatoid factor. The N-D-N region in the low-grade MALT lymphoma group was significantly longer than in the high-grade lymphoma groups. Although vacA gene of H. pylori was detected in five of nine cases, all lymphoma cell clones showed no association with foreign antigen. These results indicate that autoantigen may be responsible for the clonal selection of lymphoma cells, and thus autoimmunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary gastric B-cell lymphomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clonality analysis suggests that early-onset acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is of single-cell origin and implies no major role for germ cell mutations in parents.

Childhood leukaemia presenting at a young age has been suspected of resulting from a leukaemogenic mutation in parental germ cells, either spontaneously or due to the exposure of a parent to leukaemogenic environmental hazards, particularly ionizing radiation. Mathematical modelling of leukaemogenesis suggests that any such patient would be especially prone to multiple independent leukaemogenic events leading to multiclonality in terms of cell of origin (analogous to bilaterality in familial retinoblastoma). To test this hypothesis we have carried out a search for multiclonal leukaemogenesis in infant and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We used a polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of the X-linked monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene locus to study the clonality of marrow samples obtained from female paediatric ALL patients at the time of disease presentation. We obtained presentation samples from 102 patients of whom 72 were found to be informative at the MAOA locus. These included 20 infant leukaemias (< 1 year at diagnosis). Sixty-six samples were found to be unequivocally monoclonal while the remaining six could not, with certainty, be assigned a clonal origin. We also obtained bone marrow aspirates at first relapse as well as at presentation from eight patients. In each case the same pattern of X-linked allelic inactivation was observed at both time points of the course of the disease. No evidence was found for leukaemic multiclonality in any age group at presentation or for leukaemic 'clone-switching' in relapse. These findings suggest that both infant and childhood ALL is of single-cell origin and implies that leukaemic predisposition resulting from germ cell mutation is unlikely to have a major role in their pathogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Lymphoblastic lymphoma of natural killer cell origin, presenting as pancreatic tumour.

AIMS: We describe the first case of lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) of natural killer (NK) cell origin initially presenting as a pancreatic tumour, and review this type of lymphoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 38-year-old woman with abdominal pain was found to have a pancreatic mass. Twenty days later, she developed diffuse lung infiltrates and leucoerythroblastosis of the peripheral blood, and her bone marrow was diffusely infiltrated with blasts. The blasts were positive for CD56, CD16 and P-glycoprotein, but lacked cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, T. B and myeloid cell markers on the cell surface, rearrangement of the genes for T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin, and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome. The diagnosis was LBL of NK cell origin. She received aggressive therapy, but died of the lymphoma. In contrast to ordinary NK-cell lymphoma, this case and reported cases of LBL of NK-cell origin showed the following common characteristics. The tumour cells often lack cell surface CD2, cytoplasmic CD3, cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, and EBV genome. The prognosis was extremely poor. CONCLUSIONS: LBL of NK-cell origin should be included in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumours. To fully characterize this type of lymphoma, further cases must be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Diagnosis and management of primary nasal lymphoma of T-cell or NK-cell origin.

The primary nasal natural killer cell (NK/T cell) lymphoma is histologically characterized by angiocentricity with invasion of blood vessels and blockage of blood vessels by lymphoma cells, resulting in marked ischemic necrosis of the normal and neoplastic tissues. The cytological appearances of the neoplastic cells are highly variable and accompanied by a mixture of inflammatory cells. On immunophenotyping, the diagnostic features are surface CD3(-), cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon(+), and CD56(+). For the majority of the cases, T-cell receptor gene rearrangement is absent, confirming an NK-cell origin of the tumor cells. Clonal proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is usually present in the tumor cells and is a useful diagnostic marker. Patients commonly present with nasal symptoms: mass, obstruction, or bleeding. The tumor is locally invasive and may infiltrate surrounding tissues and organs, such as the orbits, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and palate. The cranial nerves are sometimes affected. The tumor may also disseminate to skin, gastrointestinal tract, and the testis at the time of progression. Occasionally, other organ sites such as the skin are involved, sparing the nose, and it is then called the non-nasal type. A high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of this disease. Because of the small size of the specimen and the necrotic nature of the tumor, biopsy of the nasal tissue may not be easy to interpret. Repeated biopsies are often required. The special stain for EBV in the tumor cells may also be helpful in making the correct diagnosis. Response of primary nasal T-/NK-cell lymphoma to local treatment such as radiotherapy is often not satisfactory. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been used and appears to be more effective.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between nuclear grade of ductal carcinoma in situ and cell origin markers.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a group of heterogeneous lesions genetically, morphologically, and biologically. Recently, breast epithelium in the terminal ductal lobular unit has been sub-classified based on the expression of several cytokeratin markers as stem cells (CK5/6 +), luminal cells (CK8, CK18 +), and basal cells (CK14, CK17 +). In this study we describe the relationship between DCIS of different nuclear grades (non-high grade and high grade) and these cell origin markers. Fifty-three cases of non-high grade and 46 cases of high grade DCIS were selected, and representative sections from each case were stained with antibodies to these cytokeratin markers. High grade DCIS showed significantly higher rates of expression with stem and basal cell markers compared with non-high grade DCIS (p <0.05). The majority of DCIS, both high grade and non-high grade, expressed luminal cell markers (67% to 91%) and single type of cell origin marker (72% to 87%). High-grade DCIS more frequently co-expressed all three types of cell origin markers compared with non-high grade DCIS (p <0.05). In summary, a subset of high grade DCIS frequently rises from stem or/and basal cell populations; the subset is associated with poor prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma. Thus, these markers may be used to identify a potentially more aggressive subgroup of breast carcinoma at its pre-invasive stage (DCIS), and to manage it accordingly. Second, most DCIS express luminal cell markers, suggesting that malignant transformation occurs relatively late along the cell differentiation pathway, contrary to the traditional belief that most neoplasms arise from a more primitive stem cell population. Third, the majority of DCIS exclusively express one type of progenitor marker, indicating that in most incidences they may arise from a single progenitor population. Last, triple expression of all types of cell origin marker is frequently associated with high grade DCIS, suggesting that more complicated pathways are involved in these more aggressive lesions. Further studies are needed to delineate the relationships of cell origin markers in DCIS and invasive carcinoma to the clinical outcome.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

Clinicostatistical study of ovarian tumors of germ cell origin.

Ovarian tumors of germ cell origin consisted of 440 dermoid cysts, 5 struma ovariis, 3 immature teratomas (G1, G2), 2 carcinoids, 8 dysgerminoma, 3 yolk sac tumors, one choriocarcinoma, 4 dermoid cysts with malignant transformation, and one immature teratoma (G3) of a total of 1,387 ovarian tumors. The patients' mean ages ranged between 17.3 years to 31.9 years, but the mean ages of those with carcinoid and dermoid cyst with malignant transformation were 46.0 and 53.0 years, respectively. In dermoid cyst bilaterality was 17.3% and occurrence during pregnancy or puerperium was 19.6%. In benign tumors, torsion of pedicle and association with pregnancy or puerperium were frequent unlike common epithelial carcinoma, but ascites was rare. Abdominal tumor, pain and metromenorrphagia were the main symptoms, but abdominal distension was scarce with dermoid cysts. The rate of malignant transformation of dermoid cysts was 0.9% overall but 4.3% in patients over 40 years. The prognosis for borderline germ cell tumors was good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Single-cell origin of human mixed hemopoietic colonies expressing various combinations of cell lineages.

We have established single-cell culture for human mixed hemopoietic colonies using a micromanipulator. Mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood were cultured at a concentration of 1 X 10(4) cells per milliliter in methylcellulose medium containing medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes and erythropoietin. It was possible to identify the single hemopoietic progenitors in situ in methylcellulose culture on the basis of unique morphology and migratory ability after 36 to 60 hours of incubation. Candidate single hemopoietic progenitors from methylcellulose medium were individually micromanipulated to secondary culture dishes and cultured for an additional ten to 14 days. The colonies derived from the single progenitors were individually picked and stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa for analyses of the cellular composition. A total of 288 single cells were individually transferred to second dishes. Then 186 single cells produced secondary colonies consisting of cells in one to five different lineages. A total of 39 single cells produced mixed hemopoietic colonies consisting of cells in two, three, four, and five different lineages. There were eight types of colonies revealing two different lineages, ie, neutrophil (n)-erythrocyte (E), macrophage (m)-E, m-megakaryocyte (M), eosinophil (e)-basophil (b), eE, bE, bM, and EM lineages. Three types of colonies consisting of cells in three lineages were also seen, ie, nmM, nbE, and ebE. There were six types of colonies consisting of cells in four lineages, ie, nmbM, nmEM, nebE, mebM, and meEM. One type of colony consisted of cells in five different lineages (nmbEM). These results indicate the single-cell origin of human mixed hemopoietic colonies expressing various combinations of cell lineages. It also provides experimental data in support of stochastic mechanisms of stem cell differentiation.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed2005

Quantification of stem cell factor mRNA levels in the rat testis: usefulness of clusterin mRNA as a marker of the amount of mRNA of Sertoli cell origin in post pubertal rats.

Spermatogenesis is a complex cellular process regulated by gonadotrophins and local cell-cell interactions. Stem cell factor (SCF) is one of the paracrine factors, produced by the Sertoli cells, involved in the local regulation of spermatogenesis. Measurement of its testicular level is important for addressing its role in testis physiopathology. However, the relative cell composition of experimental and pathological testis samples may lead to misinterpretation in relating SCF mRNA levels to the amount of RNA extracted from the whole tissue sample. Taking into account the relative RNA content of Sertoli cell origin should provide more significant data. In the present study, three sets of experiments were intended for modifying the proportion of RNA of Sertoli cell origin in RNA extracted from whole testis tissue samples: during postnatal development; following methoxy-acetic acid (MAA) administration; and after injecting a long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa). In a first step, we demonstrated clusterin mRNA level stability in purified Sertoli cell preparations between 20 days and adulthood, and following MAA or GnRHa treatment. In a second step, we used a competitive RT-PCR assay to measure SCF and clusterin mRNA levels and expressed the amount of SCF mRNA relative to the amount of clusterin mRNA under the above experimental conditions. The SCF/clusterin mRNA level ratio was found to remain roughly stable from 20 days post-partum to adulthood; i.e. during the development of spermatogenesis. MAA administration led to an overall increase in the SCF/clusterin mRNA level ratio between 7 and 14 days after administration, consistent with the replenishment of the testis with pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Conversely, after long-acting GnRHa injection, the SCF/clusterin mRNA level ratio decreased only slightly from day 21 onward. Hence, the present studies indicate that, under physiopathological conditions, the amount of clusterin mRNA is a good marker of the amount of RNA of Sertoli cell origin in testis samples at day 20 or later; different experimental alterations of spermatogenesis are associated with different patterns of SCF mRNA levels; the relationship between FSH and SCF in vivo is not as simple as that described in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Expression patterns of ER-alpha, PR, HER-2/neu, and EGFR in different cell origin subtypes of high grade and non-high grade ductal carcinoma in situ.

We have previously reported that high grade and non-high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast can be subdivided into 3 cell origin subtypes (luminal, basal/stem, and null), and that high grade DCIS is more frequently associated with basal/stem cell subtypes compared to non-high grade DCIS. Here we refine the relationships between these 3 subtypes and the expression patterns of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha), progesterone receptor (PR), HER-2/neu, and epidermal growth factor receptor (ERFR) in 53 cases of non-high grade and 46 cases of high nuclear grade DCIS. Using a panel of antibodies to ER-alpha, PR, HER-2/neu, and EGFR, along with cytokeratin (CK) markers (CK5/6, CK8, CK14, CK17, and CK18), we found that all 3 cell origin subtypes can express ER-alpha and PR, and their expression is higher in non-high grade DCIS than in high grade DCIS; the expression of HER-2/neu is associated with luminal subtype only in non-high grade DCIS, but can be seen in all 3 subtypes in high grade DCIS; the expression of EGFR is low and is present only in luminal cell subtypes in both high and non-high grade DCIS. Basal/ stem cell and null cell subtypes occur in younger patients in non-high grade DCIS compared to high grade DCIS. In conclusion, the expression patterns of ER-alpha, PR, HER-2/neu, and EGFR are markedly different in different cell origin subtypes of both high grade and non-high grade DCIS, suggesting that cell origin subtypes as well as nuclear grade contribute to the biological and molecular heterogeneity of DCIS.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

ALVAC-mediated gene transfer is efficient in lymphoid malignancies of T-and early B-cell origin, but not in tumors arising from mature B-cells.

Natural attenuation of ALVAC virus in mammals makes it an attractive vector for cancer vaccine therapy of immunocompromised hosts, such as patients with lymphoid malignancies. However, the transduction efficiency of ALVAC constructs in lymphoid tumors has not yet been characterized. We studied a wide spectrum of human T- and B-cell leukemia and lymphomas and found significant heterogeneity of the ALVAC-mediated gene product expression in these tumors. While ALVAC-B7.1, ALVAC-B7.2, or ALVAC-luciferase vectors effectively expressed recombinant genes in malignancies arising from T- or early B-cell precursors, negative or low expression of ALVAC recombinant genes occurred in tumors arising from mature B-cells. We showed that ALVAC-encoded B7.1 or B7.2 was continuously expressed on the infected, and subsequently irradiated, leukemia cells, and only cells with ALVAC-mediated expression of costimulatory molecules (but not unmodified leukemia cells or those infected with the ALVAC-parental vector) induced significant proliferation and IFN-gamma production by alloreactive T-cells. These data provide the rationale for clinical studies using the ALVAC vector system for gene transfer into lymphoid tumors of T- and early B-cell origin to render them more immunogenic, while alternative strategies should be considered for immunotherapy of mature B-cell malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Anti-Müllerian hormone is a specific marker of sertoli- and granulosa-cell origin in gonadal tumors.

Sex cord stromal tumors are gonadal neoplasms containing Sertoli, granulosa, Leydig, or thecal cells, which originate from cells derived from either the sex cords (Sertoli and granulosa cell tumors) or the specific mesenchymal stroma (Leydig and thecal cell tumors) of the embryonic gonad. Only granulosa and Sertoli cells produce anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Our purpose was to investigate whether AMH can be used as a specific marker of human granulosa or Sertoli cell origin in gonadal tumors, to distinguish them from other primary or metastatic neoplasms, using immunohistochemistry. We studied 7 juvenile and 6 adult-type granulosa cell tumors of ovarian localization and 3 extraovarian metastases, 20 other ovarian tumors, 6 testicular Sertoli cell tumors, 2 gonadoblastomas, and 13 extragonadal tumors. Granulosa cell tumors, both juvenile- and adult-type of either ovarian or metastatic localization, showed an heterogeneous pattern of AMH immunoreactivity: Areas containing intensely or weakly AMH-positive cells were intermingled with AMH-negative areas. Although in most cases AMH-positive areas represented a minor proportion of tumor cells, we found a positive reaction in all the cases examined. In testes, although normal prepubertal Sertoli cells were intensely positive, testicular Sertoli cell tumors showed large areas of negative reaction, with few positive cells scattered throughout the tumor. AMH was also reactive in most of the cells of sex-cord origin in gonadoblastomas. No AMH immunoreaction was observed in other gonadal and extragonadal tumors. We conclude that AMH expression is conserved in only a small proportion of tumor cells of granulosa or Sertoli cell origin; however, a positive reaction in a few cells helps to distinguish between granulosa or Sertoli cell tumors or gonadoblastomas and other gonadal tumors of different origin.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Ultradian mitotic rhythms in culture of human sarcomatous bone cells originating from the patient before and after chemotherapy.

Bone sarcomatous cells derived from human malignant tumors were cultured. The mitotic index was recorded for 39 hr. When the cultured cells originated from patients with cancer disease before any chemotherapy, ultradian mitotic rhythms of a 6-9-hr period were detected, but in many cases only after a sensitive statistical analysis was performed. When the cultured cells originated from cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, the mitotic index was decreased, and the amplitudes of the 6-9-hr component oscillations of the mitotic index were highly significantly increased. Damping and fading out of an ultradian mitotic rhythmicity was a bad prognostic portent in bone cancer. With reference to chemotherapy, the restored and amplified ultradian rhythmicity disclosed an appreciable antitumor effect and better survival prospects for the patient.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Primary central nervous system lymphoma of T-cell origin: description of two cases and review of the literature.

Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system (PLCNS) of T-cell lineage are unusual. It has been suggested that T-cell PLCNS, compared to those of B-cell origin, present some differences in relation to age of presentation, gender, location of the tumor and survival. We describe two cases with T-cell PLCNS and review 22 parenchymatous T-cell PLCNS reported in the English literature. Age, gender and survival of the whole series of 24 T-cell PLCNS did not differ from that reported in large series of PLCNS where the great majority were of B-cell origin. In contrast, a location in the posterior fossa was found in 54% of T-cell PLCNS, whereas this location ranged from 12 go 29% in series of, mostly B-cell, PLCNS. T-cell PLCNS had a higher frequency (33%) of the histologic low grade small lymphocytic lymphoma than B-cell PLCNS (5%). Analysis of six T-cell PLCNS long-term survivors showed that half of them had low grade lymphomas. We conclude that T-cell PLCNS do not differ from those of B-cell origin in age of presentation or gender, but they have a preference to develop in the posterior fossa and a higher frequency of low grade histology which would probably explain the longer survival in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Atypical stromal giant cells of cervix uteri--evidence of Schwann cell origin.

The report describes atypical multinucleated giant cells adjacent to proliferated nerve fascicles in a circumscribed subepithelial area of the cervix uteri of a 44-year-old multipara. Ultrastructural examination revealed cytoplasmatic processes, basal lamina, intracytoplasmic microfibrils, bizarre nuclear shapes with pseudoinclusions and nuclear fragments connected by small chromatin bridges (nucleotesimals). Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining for vimentin and S-100 protein. Quantitative topography exhibited an isotropic distribution of the giant cells in an anisotropic architecture of mononuclear cells. A Schwann cell origin of the atypical giant cells is postulated. Aetiopathogenetically the lesion is regarded to be due to a trauma during delivery followed by regenerative proliferation of nerve fascicles and degenerative alterations of proliferating Schwann cells. The knowledge of this lesion is considered important, because the atypical cells could be confounded with malignant neoplastic cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

B cell origin of non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A model for discrete stages of neoplastic and normal pre-B cell differentiation.

The expression of B cell associated and restricted antigens on tumor cells isolated from 138 patients with non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (non-T cell ALL) was investigated by flow cytometric analysis by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Tumor cells from these patients could be assigned to one of four subgroups: human leukocyte antigen-DR-related Ia-like antigens (Ia) alone (4%, stage I); IaB4 (14%, stage II); IaB4CALLA (33%, stage III); and IaB4CALLAB1 (49%, stage IV). The expression of B cell-restricted antigens (B4 and B1) and rearrangements of Ig heavy chain genes provided strong evidence for the B cell lineage of stages II, III, and IV tumors. The lineage of the Ia alone group is still unknown. The B4 antigen was expressed on approximately 95% of all non-T cell ALLs tested, and given its absence on T cell and myeloid tumors, it appears to be an exceptional marker to define cells of B lineage. The demonstration that Ia alone, IaB4, IaB4CALLA, and IaB4CALLAB1 positive cells can be readily identified by dual fluorescence analysis in normal fetal and adult bone marrow provided critical support for the view that these leukemic pre-B cell phenotypes were representative of the stages of normal pre-B cell differentiation. It was interesting that the IaB4+ cell was more frequently identified in fetal bone marrow than in adult marrow, whereas the predominant cell found in adult marrow expressed the IaB4CALLAB1 phenotype. These data suggest that the leukemogenic event may be random, since the predominant pre-B cell leukemic phenotype appears to correspond to the normal pre-B cell phenotype present in these hematopoietic organs. Our observations provide an additional distinction between adult and childhood ALL, since these studies show that most non-T cell ALLs seen in children less than 2 yr old are of stage II phenotype, whereas the majority of non-T ALLs in adults are of stage IV phenotype. Finally, it should be noted that the present study suggests that the analysis of leukemic B cell phenotypes and their normal counterparts can provide a mechanism for the investigation and orderly definition of stages of pre-B cell differentiation in man.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

CD8alpha+ dendritic cells originate from the CD8alpha- dendritic cell subset by a maturation process involving CD8alpha, DEC-205, and CD24 up-regulation.

CD8alpha+ and CD8alpha- dendritic cells (DCs) have been considered as independent DC subpopulations both ontogenetically and functionally during recent years. However, it has been demonstrated that both DC subsets can be generated from a single precursor population, supporting the concept that they do not represent separate DC lineages. By using highly purified splenic CD8alpha- DCs, which were injected intravenously and traced by means of an Ly5.1/Ly5.2 transfer system, this study shows that CD8alpha- DCs acquired the phenotypic characteristics of CD8alpha+ DCs, by a differentiation process involving CD8alpha, DEC-205, and CD24 up-regulation, paralleled by the down-regulation of CD11b, F4/80, and CD4. These data demonstrate that CD8alpha+ DCs derive from CD8alpha- DCs, and strongly support that CD8alpha- and CD8alpha+ DCs represent different maturation or differentiation stages of the same DC population. Therefore, CD8alpha+ DCs would represent the last stage of DC differentiation, playing an essential role in the induction of T-cell responses, due to their antigen-presenting potential, cross-priming ability, and capacity to secrete large amounts of key cytokines such as interferon gamma and interleukin-12.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Stem cell origin of human myeloid blood cell neoplasms.

Studies with G6PD and molecular probes indicate that the myeloid leukemias and the chronic myeloproliferative disorders are clonal diseases. The G6PD data indicate that chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia involve stem cells pluripotent for granulocytes, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and lymphocytes. Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia is also a clonal disease that involves multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. However, myelofibrosis, the predominant clinical manifestation, occurs secondarily and is not a component of the abnormal clonal proliferation. Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is a clonal disease, but G6PD studies suggest that there are at least two forms of this leukemia. In one type of ANL, the involved stem cells exhibit pluripotent differentiative expression. In another type of ANL, differentiative expression is largely restricted to the granulocytic pathway. The heterogeneity of ANL has both clinical and pathogenetic implications.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗