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PubMed1989

Zinc compounds, a new treatment in peptic ulcer.

Effects of zinc in gastric ulcer have been reviewed through investigations carried out on zinc acexamate (ZAC). ZAC is an organic compound that has been shown to possess an experimental antiulcer effect and a wide therapeutic index, making it a useful drug in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. ZAC protects from ulceration in several experimental models such as pylorus occlusion, reserpine-induced ulcer, necrotizing agents, PAF-induced ulcer and cold-restraint stress. ZAC first reduces the gastric acid output by inhibiting the mast cell degranulation, an action likely to be mediated through a membrane stabilizing action. Secondly, it enhances the mucosal protection factors by increasing mucus secretion, inhibiting the H+ retrodiffusion and improving microcirculation. ZAC is also effective in acetic acid-induced chronic ulcer, restoring the continuity of the damaged mucosa. Several clinical trials have shown the usefulness of ZAC in acute and maintenance treatment of both gastric and duodenal ulcers. Endoscopic studies showed that ZAC reduced the inflammatory processes (gastritis and duodenitis) associated with ulcer healing. This reduction was statistically significant and not observed with other comparative treatments (H2-antagonists). The observed side-effects were minimal and affected less than 2% of treated patients. The pharmacological profile, clinical effectiveness and good tolerance of ZAC suggest this compound as an interesting option in the treatment of peptic disease.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1978

Local absorption of zinc from wounds treated with various zinc-compounds.

It is shown that in the rat, zinc is absorbed from excisional wounds into serum, from various locally applied zinc oxide preparations as well as from zinc peroxide and zinc sulphate. The most pronounced absorption of zinc to serum was recorded from wounds treated with zinc peroxide. Microscopically the cellular inflammatory response observed in wounds treated with a gauze sponge impregnated with a zinc sulphate solution was weaker than that found with the other treatment methods used.

Absorption↗
PubMed2003

Syntheses and structures of zwitterionic indium(III) and di-zinc compounds of an extended nitrogenous ligand. Examples of unusually long wavelength transitions in d10-metal complexes.

In acetonitrile, the reaction of hydrated InCl(3) and 2-[(2-(pyridylamino)phenylazo]pyridine [HL] affords an ink-blue octahedral indium(III) complex having the formula [InCl(3)(HL)]. The compound is a zwitterion in which the positive and the negative charges reside on the extended ligand HL. The secondary amine nitrogen in it is deprotonated, while the free pyridyl nitrogen is protonated. The reaction of ZnCl(2), on the other hand, produces a di-metallic complex, [Zn(2)Cl(2)L(2)], where the two metal ions are bridged across the deprotonated ligand [L](-). The color of the di-zinc complex is also ink blue. Interestingly, the UV-vis spectrum of the indium compound is almost identical to that of the di-zinc compound. Long-wavelength transitions near 590 nm in these examples are assigned to intraligand pi-pi transitions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Zinc and copper: proposed fortification levels and recommended zinc compounds.

Micronutrient fortification of foods is now a highly relevant tool worldwide for overcoming micronutrient deficiency. Recent data show that subclinical zinc deficiency is widespread; in Mexico a national survey showed that 25% of children less than age 11 y had plasma zinc concentrations below 10.0 micromol/L (65 microg/dL). Copper deficiency in populations is unknown but copper supplementation is recommended to accompany zinc supplementation. Of the foods available for fortification, staple cereals are very good candidates for reducing micronutrient deficiencies. Because of its higher stability and lower cost, we recommend fortification of cereal flours with zinc oxide, which is absorbed as well as the less stable and more expensive forms of zinc. Depending on the amount of the food that is expected to be eaten, zinc fortification of staple foods could be 20-50 mg/kg of flour. For copper fortification the safer compound is copper gluconate. Copper sulfate is significantly less expensive, but an evaluation of potential physicochemical reactions that affect the final food product is recommended. The suggested amount of copper added to staple foods is 1.2-3.0 mg/kg of flour. For food supplements designed as part of supplementation programs to reduce micronutrient deficiency in children less than age 3 y, a dose of the final product (usually approximately 40-50 g) should contain approximately 4-5 mg of zinc and approximately 0.2-0.4 mg of copper depending on the habitual diet, magnitude of deficiencies and period of supplementation.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on anti-ulcer effects of a new compound, zinc L-carnosine (Z-103)].

We investigated the anti-ulcer effects of zinc L-carnosine (Z-103) using several acute experimental models of gastric and duodenal lesions in rats. Effects of Z-103 on various gastric functions, e.g., antacid (in vitro), anti-pepsin (in vitro), gastric secretion, mucosal potential difference (PD) and mucus contents were also examined. Z-103 given orally prevented development of gastric lesions induced by water immersion stress, histamine, HCl-aspirin, HCl-ethanol and also duodenal ulcers induced by mepirizole in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro, Z-103 had a greater antacid effect than sodium bicarbonate; and moreover, the potency of its anti-peptic action (IC50 = 8.7 mM) was higher than those of several other drugs (sodium bicarbonate, sucrose sulfate and aceglutamide aluminum). Intragastric treatment of Z-103 (100 mg/kg alone tended to increase PD, and it also significantly inhibited the decrease in PD induced by aspirin. In addition, pretreatment with Z-103 at 10 and 30 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly prevented the decrease in mucus contents in the gastric mucosa and also mucosal lesions by oral administration of ethanol. On the other hand, Z-103 was not so effective on both basal (pylorus-ligation preparation) and histamine-stimulated gastric secretion (Heidenhain pouch preparation). These results suggest that Z-103 is useful for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Solubilization of zinc compounds by the diazotrophic, plant growth promoting bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus an endophytic diazotroph also encountered as rhizosphere bacterium is reported to possess different plant growth promoting characteristics. In this study, we assessed the zinc solubilizing potential of G. diazotrophicus under in vitro conditions with different Zn compounds using glucose or sucrose as carbon sources. G. diazotrophicus showed variations in their solubilization potential with the strains used and the Zn compounds tested. G. diazotrophicus PAl5 efficiently solubilized the Zn compounds tested and ZnO was effectively solubilized than ZnCO(3) or Zn(3)(PO(4))(2). The soluble Zn concentration was determined in the culture supernatant through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Gas chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed 5-ketogluconic acid, a derivative of gluconic acid as the major organic acid produced by G. diazotrophicus PAl5 cultured with glucose as carbon source. This organic anion may be an important agent that helped in the solubilization of insoluble Zn compounds.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry↗