SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ZOONOSES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

New aspects of parasitic zoonoses.

Selected parasitic zoonoses are discussed with emphasis on epidemiological, diagnostic and some chemotherapeutic aspects. Pneumocystosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis are briefly reviewed as "AIDS-related zoonoses". Up to now 5 genera of Microsporidia have been identified as causative agents of human infections, including Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Pleistophora sp. which were found in AIDS patients. From the many "other parasitic zoonoses", giardiasis, echinococcosis and taeniosis/cysticercosis are discussed as examples. Significant advances in the understanding of transmission dynamics, in strain characterisation and diagnosis of the diseases have been achieved.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed2000

Current status of some zoonoses in Togo.

In Togo, livestock represent an important part of the national and subsistence economies. The most prevalent zoonoses documented in Toga are brucellosis, tuberculosis, cysticercosis and rabies. The status of other zoonoses such as toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis and salmonellosis is not known. A national eradication programme has been instigated to reduce the transmission of rabies. Good relations exist between veterinary and health personnel in the field but this level of interaction is absent at district and national level. This has resulted in information not being transferred between the two disciplines and the lack of a national strategy for the eradication of zoonoses in Togo.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Risk of acquiring zoonoses by the staff of companion-animal hospitals.

The aim of this study was to obtain information on the risk of companion-animal hospital staff members acquiring zoonotic diseases. We surveyed veterinary technicians to estimate the rate of acquisition of zoonoses from pets while working in companion-animal hospitals. About one in five veterinary technicians (19.4%) reported acquiring zoonotic infections in their small-animal practice. The rate of acquisition of zoonoses by those who had worked for more than 5 years was significantly higher than by those who had worked for less than 1 year (p < 0.001, odds ratio: 6.74). The list of zoonoses included the flea bites (62.3%), dermatophytosis (26.9%), cat-scratch disease (16.0%), tick bites (9.0%), and pasturellosis (6.1%). A small number of veterinary technicians had been infected with Q fever, toxoplasmosis, parrot fever, salmonellosis, tetanus, campylobacteriosis, or scabies.

Animal Technicians↗

PubMed2006

[Control and measure of zoonoses].

A world trend such as the free trade agreement (FTA) promoted by the World Trade Organization ( WTO) results in an expansion of both importation and exportation of industrial materials, grain, food products and domestic animals, as well as pets and wild animals. Nowadays not only foods but also various kinds of animals are arrived from all over the world to Japan, and an increase in the risk for invasion of zoonoses from abroad to Japan has been pointed out for many years. Actually, BSE, O-157, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) etc., invaded into Japan within recent several years, and a possibility of the outbreak of rabies, plaque or tularemia which might be introduced by imported animals is still high. In this article, I discuss the risk for zoonoses from the following points. They are "from animal to human, background of the world wide expansion of zoonoses, a warning to human being from nature, zoonosis control strategy, and future problems on zoonosis to be dissolved".

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Control of zoonoses in Cyprus.

The excellent results achieved in the control of animal diseases in Cyprus have allowed the Veterinary Services to take a leading role in the elimination, surveillance and investigation of important zoonoses. The programmes for the control of echinococcosis, brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, anthrax and taeniasis, and the measures taken to prevent the importation of rabies are described. Public awareness of the risks posed by the presence of zoonoses and the efficient and effective intersectoral co-operation achieved between the veterinary, medical, public health and other Government services and non-governmental organisations are considered to be the key to the successful control of zoonoses in Cyprus.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Swine and wild pigs as carriers of zoonoses].

This paper deals with zoonoses in European pig herds and wild boars in general and in particular with the risk of infection carried by veterinarians, farmers and workers handling pigs and pork in slaughterhouses and meat processing companies. Furthermore the risk of infection and intoxication as a result of pork consumption is discussed. Special reference is made to the responsibility of veterinarians for keeping production animals healthy and informing animal owners and consumers about zoonoses. It would appear that it will be necessary in future to intensify veterinarian herd care, perform regional monitoring and surveillance programmes, participate in establishing specific pathogen-free herds and to foster diagnosis and research into zoonoses together with human medicine.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗

PubMed2000

[Zoonoses among immigrants].

During the last ten years Denmark has received an increasing number of immigrants, especially from the Balkans, the Middle East, and Somalia. Some of these may suffer from the zoonoses occurring in their country of origin. But apart from echinococcosis, zoonoses in these immigrants do not seem to pose a quantitatively greater problem than in Danes who have visited these areas. However it is important to have a knowledge of the symptoms and mode of transmission of zoonoses occurring in areas where the immigrants come from.

Brucellosis↗

PubMed2002

[Emerging bacterial zoonoses].

Different zoonoses whose etiologic agents were previously unknown have been identified in recent years as a result of new diagnostic techniques in molecular biology and improved epidemiological surveillance systems. Several factors have facilitated the emergence of new diseases and the reemergence of already known diseases, which were thought to be under control. They include the following: (1) environmental changes, such as deforestation and droughts, which allow etiologic agents and their vectors to thrive, (2) industrial food production for widespread consumption, which allows disease agents to spread quickly, (3) certain risky human habits, especially among immuno-compromised persons, such as having exotic pets at home, and (4) the adaptation of etiologic agents to new environmental conditions through the development of drug resistance. Other factors, such as the disruption of established health systems during the process of privatization, have also contributed to the situation. In most cases, bacterial zoonoses can be prevented through good personal and domestic hygiene and common sense. This report is not an exhaustive presentation of all emerging and reemerging bacterial zoonoses. Rather, it aims to illustrate, through numerous examples, the various factors that have contributed to the epidemiological changes that have taken place since the latter part of the twentieth century.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Emerging zoonoses linked to pets in the autonomous community of Madrid: design of a method for setting public health priorities, Spain].

BACKGROUND: The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases are a major concern in Public Health. The unique socio-demographic aspects of the Autonomous Community of Madrid make it necessary for a greater deal of attention to be paid to pet-transmitted zoonoses. This study is aimed as heightening the knowledge of the emerging and re-emerging pet-transmitted zoonoses and the design of a method for prioritizing the same. METHODS: Based on the diseases obtained from official sources, laboratories and a review of published studies, a quantification and weighting method designed by the working group and adapted to the specificity of this study was applied. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of 137 diseases, 24 met the admission requirements. The weighting method is provided in table form, including eleven scoring criteria, the criteria categories and the coefficients employed. Salmonellosis was the top-ranked disease, followed by Q Fever, Tularemia and Hantavirus Infection. CONCLUSIONS: A method for specifically evaluating emerging and re-emerging diseases was designed, affording the possibility of setting priorities in the Public Health planning field. This study provides a listing of 24 zoonoses ranked in order of importance, based on which new strategy-related lines must be set out for the research and/or control thereof.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Parasitic zoonoses; public health and veterinary perspectives.

The importance of parasitic zoonoses continues to increase on both local and global scales as interactions between people and animals become more frequent through global travel, intensification of agriculture, habitat devastation, and changes in world trade patterns. A current and real threat is the potential for a deliberate introduction of a zoonotic disease through the prospect of bioterrorism. Parasitic zoonoses represent significant problems in public health, animal agriculture and conservation, and the meat industry. There is an urgent need for integration of medical and veterinary services, continuous disease surveillance in both humans and animals, the teaching of zoonoses to medical doctors, and intensified research on zoonotic agents and diseases. The convergence of both public health and veterinary services currently represents a real challenge for managing zoonotic diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Bacterial zoonoses: emerging concepts].

Bacterial zoonoses are evolving with changes in society, climate and lifestyles. A hierarchy of non food-borne zoonoses was recently proposed in France, and includes characteristics such as severity criteria and bioterrorism potential. The creation of specific networks and reference centers has provided the means to monitor the emergence (or re-emergence) of zoonoses such as brucellosis and Q fever. Molecular tools have facilitated the detection of bacteria that are transmitted by arthropod vectors (ticks, fleas, etc.) and that cause diseases such as Lyme borreliosis, bartonellosis and ehrlichiosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The need for integrated control programs for zoonoses affecting livestock.

Prior to recognition of etiologic agents of zoonoses (infections transmitted between animals and man), physicians encountered these illnesses in man and veterinarians observed them in animals. As the agents were identified, interspecies relationships (and spread) became evident and control programs evolved without consideration of cost-effectiveness. Today, the public demands efficient use of financial resources. Human health as well as economic losses are concerns of animal health agencies. Zoonoses affecting livestock, though not major priorities among public health agencies, cannot be ignored. It seems economical, therefore, to combine the efforts of these agencies in zoonoses control. This would benefit human health by reducing the animal reservoirs and the livestock industry will benefit by lowered production costs.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between laboratory services and reporting requirements for selected zoonoses.

Questionnaires on the reporting required and the diagnostic services provided for selected zoonoses were completed by all departments of public health and all departments of agriculture in the 50 States. The public health departments offered services for a larger number of zoonoses than did the agricultural agencies. The correlation between the required reporting of a disease and the availability of services for that disease was stronger in the case of public health laboratories.All of the public health laboratories offered assistance with brucellosis and tularemia. The agricultural laboratories had services available for brucellosis in 47 States and for leptospriosis in 45 States. Fifteen public health agencies and 11 agricultural agencies provided laboratory services for all the zoonoses that were reportable in their respective States. The public health laboratories in 12 States will test specimens from nonhuman patients.Laboratory resources might be conserved by elimination of some of the duplication of services within a State that results when both the public health and agricultural agencies provide assistance for the same disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

An investigation of the relative morbidity of zoonoses in paediatric patients admitted to Ga-Rankuwa Hospital.

Human-animal interaction is regarded as a positive factor in child development, yet fears have been expressed about the risk of zoonotic diseases. A literature review of zoonotic diseases indicated that it was difficult to judge the relative importance of zoonoses in a population by using incidence or prevalence, as these were not available for all the zoonoses which could occur in children and the data which were available were not comparative. Therefore, in order to investigate the relative importance of zoonoses as a cause of disease in children, relative morbidities were calculated from available medical records from the Department of Paedatrics and Child Health at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital. Diagnoses made were listed and ranked. The relative morbidities of zoonotic diseases were found to be very low. It was concluded that this may have been partially due to the tendency for symptomatic rather than aetiological diagnoses to be made by clinicians, as several of the symptomatic diagnoses made (such as respiratory disease and gastroenteritis) could have had a zoonotic aetiology.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The role of veterinary public health in the prevention of zoonoses.

Veterinary public health is a component of public health activities devoted to the application of professional veterinary skills, knowledge, and resources for the protection and improvement of public health. VPH activities involve a very diverse range of functions within public health which reflect the broad community of interests between veterinary and human medicine. Zoonoses continue to represent an important health hazard in most parts of the world, where they cause considerable expenditure and losses for the health and agricultural sectors. Although the situation is improving in the industrialized world, zoonoses prevention and control will remain an area of major concern in most developing countries. Recent observations in these countries show that expenses related to the prevention of zoonotic diseases in humans are likely to increase dramatically in the near future. Programmes for their control and eventual elimination in animal reservoirs are urgently needed. The technical knowledge exists to bring diseases such as brucellosis, rabies, and bovine tuberculosis under control during the first decade of the next century. To achieve this goal, constant efforts will be needed for the next 15 to 20 years. In addition, as trade in animal products and the movement of human populations continues to increase, the risk that zoonotic diseases will be introduced or reintroduced into certain areas is likewise increasing. Over the past five years, a number of zoonotic diseases have emerged as either new pathological entities or known agents appearing in new areas or as new strains. Through its coordinating and information gathering functions, the WHO Emerging Disease Surveillance and Control Division provides a source of both practical and technical guidance that can help solve these and other threats to human health posed by animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Humans, dogs and parasitic zoonoses--unravelling the relationships in a remote endemic community in northeast India using molecular tools.

Canine parasitic zoonoses pose a continuing public health problem, especially in developing countries and communities that are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Our study combined the use of conventional and molecular epidemiological tools to determine the role of dogs in transmission of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites such as hookworms, Giardiaand Ascarisin a parasite endemic tea-growing community in northeast India. A highly sensitive and specific PCR-RFLP was developed to detect and differentiate the zoonotic species of canine hookworm eggs directly from faeces. This allowed epidemiological screening of canine hookworm species in this community to be conducted with ease and accuracy. Seventy two percent of dogs were found to harbour A. caninum, 60% A. braziliense and 37% harboured mixed infections with both hookworms. No A. ceylanicum was detected in the dog population. The zoonotic potential of canine Giardiawas also investigated by characterising Giardia duodenalisrecovered from humans and dogs living in the same locality and households, at three different loci. Phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis provided compelling evidence to support the zoonotic transmission of canine Giardia. Molecular tools were also used to identify the species of Ascarisegg present in over 30% of dog faecal samples. The results demonstrated the role of dogs as a significant disseminator and environmental contaminator of Ascaris lumbricoidesin communities where promiscuous defecation practices exist. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of combining conventional and molecular parasitological and epidemiological tools to help solve unresolved relationships with regards to parasitic zoonoses.

Ancylostomatoidea↗

PubMed1996

Workshop summary: food safety: meat- and fish-borne zoonoses.

In this workshop, J.P. Dubey (USA), Th. Hiepe (Germany), and P. Deplazes (Switzerland), were invited speakers. The main areas covered were toxoplasmosis, microsporidiosis, trematode infections, taeniosis/cysticercosis and trichinellosis. The public health and economic impact of meat- and fish-borne parasitic zoonoses is considerable in terms of morbidity and even mortality in humans as well as in losses due to reduced productivity in animals and condemnation of parasitised meat and fish. In this context, the increasing demands of consumers for meat and fish free of pathogens and chemical residues has to be considered. Among the parasitic zoonoses some are widespread and frequent, for example toxoplasmosis. About 30-50% of women of child-bearing age are at risk of acquiring the infection during pregnancy with the potential of prenatal infection and severe disease of the foetus. In addition, toxoplasmosis plays an increasing role as an AIDS-associated infection. There are some recent indications that Toxoplasma infections acquired by adults by ingestion of sporulated oocysts may be more pathogenic than cyst-induced infections. In such cases, eye lesions are quite frequent and were previously thought to be predominantly acquired by prenatal infection (J.P. Dubey, USA). Fish- or crustacean-borne trematodes (species of Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Paragonimus, intestinal flukes) infect about 39 million people, and about 550 millions are at risk (WHO, 1995). Other zoonotic infections are less frequent but may cause severe and lethal diseases, for example Taenia solium cysticercosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed2005

Canine gastrointestinal parasitic zoonoses in India.

Although well recognized and studied in developed countries, canine parasitic zoonoses pose a lowly prioritized public health problem in developing countries such as India, where conditions are conducive for transmission. A study of the most recent parasite survey determining prevalence and epidemiology of canine parasitic zoonoses among tea-growing communities of northeast India demonstrated the endemicity of the problem. This particular study serves as a model using conventional, as well as molecular parasitological, tools to provide novel insights into the role of dogs as mechanical transmitters of human parasites such as Ascaris and Trichuris, and discusses the risks dogs pose with regards to zoonotic transmission of hookworms and Giardia.

Ancylostomiasis↗